• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.466-472
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• 2010

Introduction: This study examined the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP)-2 and $\beta$-tricalcium phosphate ($\beta$-TCP) on new bone formation in a rabbit calvarium using a rapid prototype titanium cap (RP Ti cap). Materials and Methods: Eight New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Hemispherical RP Ti caps (10 mm in diameter) were implanted subperiosteally on the rabbit calvaria. $\beta$-TCP was filled in the RP Ti cap in the control group, and rhBMP-2 soaked $\beta$-TCP was used in experimental group. The rabbits were sacrificed 2 and 4 weeks after the operation. The volume and pattern of newly formed bone was analyzed by micro computed tomography (CT). Results: Macroscopically, there were no abnormal findings in any of the animals. The micro CT images revealed new bone from the calvaria that expanded gradually toward the top of the titanium cap, particularly along the inner surface of the titanium cap in the experimental group at 4 weeks after grafting. There was no significant difference in new bone volume ratio between the control and experimental groups at 2 weeks after grafting. There was a statistically significant difference in the new bone volume ratio between the experimental ($14.1{\pm}1.8\;%$) and control ($7.2{\pm}1.5\;%$) groups at 4 weeks after grafting (P<0.01). Conclusion: The RP Ti cap can effectively guide new bone formation and rhBMP-2 can induce the new bone formation.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2005년도 제25회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.229-232
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• 2005

인화점이 높은 합성 액체연료인 RJ-4의 제조공정 개선에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 상용원료인 MCPD(Methylcyclopentadiene dimer)를 이용한 RJ-4 연료제조에서 헤테로폴리 텅스토인산 세슘염 촉매와 2단 열 조절반응기를 사용하여 1차, 2차 수소화 및 이성화반응이 1 단계 연속공정으로 가능함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 $AlCl_3$ 대신에 헤테로폴리산 세슘염을 이성화촉매로 사용시 exe-THDMCPD(Tetrahydrodimethylcyclopentadiene)을 얻는 속도가 더 빠르며, 생성물과의 분리가 용이하고, 폐산 발생이 없으므로 환경친화적인 공정임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1990

Since the reservoir of leptospires organism is consisted of a broad spectrum of animals, the best method of prevention is vaccination. The clinical trial of leptospires vaccine conducted on human volunteer for its immunogenicity and safety. Summarized results are as following : 1. The Oral temperature among vaccinated group ranged from $36.7{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;37.0{\pm}0.34^{\circ}C$, while in placebo injected group it ranged from $36.4{\pm}0.46^{\circ}C\;to\;36.7{\pm}0.53^{\circ}C$. There was no association between vaccination and fever (p>0.05) 2. Mild local reactions revealed in vaccinees were swelling (50-75% ), Redness($75{\sim}90%$), and induration ($25{\sim}40%$). Placebo injected group revealed only redness in 12.5% in 1st injection and 37.5% in second injection. The duration local reactions on injection site for th vaccinees and place groups disappeared within 48 hours. 3. Generalized Symptoms complained by the vaccinees were myalgia (25%), back pain(15%), headache (15%), pruritus(15%), and abdominal pain(10%), whereas placebo group complained of headache (25%), myalgia(12.5%), back pain(12.5%), pain in eyes(12.5%), abdominal pain(12.5%) pruritus (12.5%) and nausea(12.5%). 4. The serological test(MAT) of vaccinees showed geometric mean antibody titer as follows : a. L. icterohemorrhagiae lai 1 week after 1st vaccination : 22.45 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 111.23 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 266.64 b. L. canicola canicola 1 week after 1st vaccination : 24.62 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 123.92 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 276.55 c. L. icterohemorrhagiae copenhageni 1 week after 1st vaccination : 28.28 1 week after 2nd vaccination : 128.55 3 week after 2nd vaccination : 247.88 Whereas all of the place injected group showed below 1:20 titers. The sero-conversion rate of vaccinees were 100 percent.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

Background: Postoperative (PO) pain interferes with the recovery and mobilization of the surgical patients. The impact of the educational status has not been studied adequately up to now. Methods: This prospective study involved 400 consecutive general surgery patients. Various factors known to be associated with the perception of pain including the educational status were recorded as was the preoperative and postoperative pain and the analgesia requirements for the $1^{st}$ PO week. Based on the educational status, we classified the patients in 3 groups and we compared these groups for the main outcomes: i.e. PO pain and PO analgesia. Results: There were 145 patients of lower education (junior school), 150 patients of high education (high school) and 101 of higher education (university). Patients of lower education were found to experience more pain than patients of higher education in all postoperative days (from the $2^{nd}$ to the $6^{th}$). No difference was identified in the type and quantity of the analgesia used. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with depression and young patients (< 40 years) had the maximum effect. Conclusions: The educational status may be a significant predictor of postoperative pain due to various reasons, including the poor understanding of the preoperative information, the level of anxiety and depression caused by that and the suboptimal request and use of analgesia. Younger patients (< 40), and patients with subclinical depression are mostly affected while there is no impact on patients over 60 years old.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.270-273
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• 2007

광섬유가 연결된 레이저 다이오드로 펌핑하는 Nd:YAG 레이저의 공진기 길이를 14 mm로 구성하고 펌핑광의 세기에 따른 946 nm Nd:YAC 레이저의 출력 특성을 조사하였다. 이때 이득 매질의 온도는 열전 냉각기를 이용하여 일정하게 유지시켰다. 그 결과 이득 매질의 온도를 낮게 유지할수록 더 강한 출력을 얻을 수 있었으며, $5^{\circ}C$에서 9.95 W로 펌핑할 때 최고 870 mW의 출력을 확인하였다. 출력거울의 반사율 변화에 따른 펌핑광의 발진 문턱값을 측정하여 0.23의 공진기 손실값을 얻을 수 있었다. 또한 펌핑광의 세기가 10 W 이상일 때 이득매질의 열적인 효과로 인한 출력의 감소 현상을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.376-387
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• 2012

비선형 스프링 모델과 섭동법을 기초로 비선형 균열면에 경사 입사된 초음파에 의해 발생되는 2차 고조파 초음파의 크기를 계산하였다. 비선형 균열계면에서 만들어지는 반사파와 굴절파의 기본주파수 성분과 2차 고조파 성분의 크기를 입사각과 균열계면의 계면강성을 변화키면서 조사하였다. 계면강성에 관계없이 균열계면이 초음파 진행 방향과 비슷한 경우 반사와 굴절파 모두에서 2차 고조파의 발생은 거의 없었지만, 그렇지 않은 경우에는 계면 입사각은 물론 계면 강성에 따라 2차 고조파의 크기는 크게 변화하였다. 투과파는 물론 반사파에서도 2차 고조파 성분이 유의성 있게 발생됨을 수치 해석을 통해 확인하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2007

Effects of doping rare earth elements on Ln site of $Ln_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$ (Ln = N d, Sm and La) were examined from structure, magnetic and electrical properties. Size of a-axis increased as following order of La < Nd < Sm, whereas c-axis was not much changed. Curie temperatures of 170 K for $Nd_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$, 110 K for $Sm_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$ and 250 K for $La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$ were obtained. This result coincides with change of Mn-O bond length causing by a-axis lattice constant. The highest magnetroresistance ratios were 22% at 77 K for $Sm_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$, 32% at 110 K for $Nd_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$, and 33% at 180 K for $La_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3$.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical effects of heating-conduction therapy on lateral ligament injury induced by ankle sprain grade II. Methods: The 67 outpatients who were diagnosed as ankle sprain grade II were performed heating-conduction acupuncture therapy on lateral ligament injury. To evaluate the efficiency of heating-conduction acupuncture therapy, pain threshold with pressure algometer and visual analogue scale(VAS) were applied pretreatment and after 1st, 2nd treatment. Results: 1. The pain threshold and VAS score after 1st and 2nd treatment with an isolated injury of the anterior talofibular ligament showed statistically significant improvement compared with pretreatment. 2. The VAS score after 1st and 2nd treatment with an combined injury to the anterior talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligament showed statistically significant improvement compared with pretreatment. 3. The VAS score after 1st and 2nd treatment with an combined injury to the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligament showed statistically significant improvement compared with pretreatment. 4. After 1st and 2nd treatment on the posterior talofibular ligament and after 2nd treatment on the anterior taofibular and calcaneofibular ligament with an combined injury to the anterior talofibular, calcaneofibular and posterior talofibular ligament the pain threshold showed statistically significant improvement compared with pretreatment. 5. Between isolated injury and combined injury of lateral ligament, the difference in pain threshold and VAS score was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Heating-conduction acupuncture therapy has clinical effects of pain reduction on patient with an isolated injury and combined injury of lateral ligament induced by ankle sprain grade II.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.601-606
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• 2024

오늘날 정부는 디지털 기술을 적극적으로 활용하여 국가의 발전을 촉진하는 디지털 정부로 진화하고 있다. 정부 웹사이트는 개인과 정부의 상호작용을 혁신적으로 재정립하는 핵심적인 요소로 작용하고 있는 가운데, 정부 웹사이트 챗봇은 시민들이 쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있도록 하는 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 그러나 국가 R&D 지식정보 포털인 NTIS의 챗봇 ND는 사용률이 낮은 편이다. 본 연구는 챗봇 ND의 사용성 문제를 해결하기 위해 사용자 여정 지도를 기반으로 한 프레임워크를 제안한다. 사용자 여정을 '사용 전- 사용 중- 사용 후' 단계로 구분하고, 각 단계에서 사용자들이 불편을 겪는 지점을 파악하여 개선된 사용자 경험을 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.440-445
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• 1995

메탄올 용액에서 Nd(III)과 B15C5(benzo-1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane)의 치환체들간의 착물형성에 따른 화학적 조겅비 및 온도변화에 따른 안정도상수, 열역학적 파라메타들을 분광광도법과 전기전도도법을 이용하여 결정하였다. 이때 B15C5의 치환기들은 $CH_3,\;Br\;CHO,\;NO_2$ 및 43,4-(NO_2)_2$이었다. 메탄올 용액에서 Nd(III)과 이들 리간드와의 착물의 조성비는 1:1임을 알 수 있었으며, 안정도상수는 치환기효과에 $B15C5-3,4(NO_2)2 의하여 순으로 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 용매변화에 따른 안정도상수의 순위는 용매 염기도(DN)에 역비례하는데 이는 용매의 염기도, 리간드의 염기도, 금속이온의 용매화 현상 및 착물형성에 따른 엔트로피변화 등으로 설명할 수 있었다.