• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2013

Objectives To investigate correlation between anthropometric data (neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), and body shape indexes) and radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. Methods The data of college students living in Seoul (n=24) were analyzed retrospectively. Anthropometric data of NC, WC, and BMI were measured. Lumbar spine X-ray film was taken to measure lumbar lordotic angle, Ferguson's angle. To evaluate body shape of participants, three indexes of neck-to-waist ratio (NWR), neck-to-height ratio (NHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHR) were used. Anthropometric data's correlations with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum were investigated. Results Anthropometric data of NC, WC, and BMI had no significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. NWR had significant positive correlation with lumbar lordotic angle and Ferguson's angle. NHR and WHR had no significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum. Conclusions The results suggest that NWR-related fat distribution in neck has significant correlation with radiological parameters of lumbosacrum regardless of obesity.

• IE interfaces
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.411-417
• /
• 2008

An impeller is a type of high-speed rotor that is used to compress or transfer fluid under high-speed and pressure at high temperatures. The impeller is composed of an axial hub and several blades attached along the hub. The weight and shape of an impeller must be balanced, because their imbalances can cause noise and vibration, which can lead to the breakage of the impeller blades during operation. Thus, the hub and blades of an impeller are commonly machined in a 5-axis NC machine to obtain qualified surfaces. The impeller machining strategy or process plan can not be easily obtained due to the complex, overlapped and twisted shapes of impeller blades. Skillful machining process planners may generate appropriate machining strategies based on their experiences and floor data. However, in practice most shop floor data for the impeller machining is not well-structured such that it does not effectively provide a process planner with information for machining strategies and/or process plans. This paper reports the development of a case-based machining strategy support system (CBMS) that employs case-based reasoning to obtain the machining strategy of an impeller by using the existing machining strategies of the shop floor. The CBMS generates impeller machining strategies through a stepwise reasoning process considering the similarity features between the blade shapes and machining regions. A case study is provided to demonstrate that CBMS can generate useful machining strategies facilitating process planners. The developed system can simulate the tool paths of impeller machining and runs on the web.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.51-62
• /
• 1998

In this paper, a CAD/CAM system for 5-axis machining of model propeller is introduced. This system has been developed under the environment of personal computer and Windows NT. In order to enhance the productivity, existing text-based design S/W was integrated into this graphic-based system. Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline method is used to represent the sculptured surface of propeller blades and hub using point data, and surface blending between blade and hub is realized in this system. For 5-axis machining of sculptured surface, tool/work collision and interference are checked and inverse kinematic analysis is performed to make NC data. In addition, tool and workpiece are animated on the PC monitor by preparing NC verification module. Finally, optimal cutting conditions are determined empirically and those cutting conditions are integrated into this S/W so that the whole process from design to machining can be done automatically.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.83 no.4
• /
• pp.515-535
• /
• 2022

The strength models for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined normal strength concrete (NC) cylinders available in the literature have been suggested based on small databases using limited variables of such structural members portraying less accuracy. The artificial neural network (ANN) is an advanced technique for precisely predicting the response of composite structures by considering a large number of parameters. The main objective of the present investigation is to develop an ANN model for the axial strength of FRP-confined NC cylinders using various parameters to give the highest accuracy of the predictions. To secure this aim, a large experimental database of 313 FRP-confined NC cylinders has been constructed from previous research investigations. An evaluation of 33 different empirical strength models has been performed using various statistical parameters (root mean squared error RMSE, mean absolute error MAE, and coefficient of determination R²) over the developed database. Then, a new ANN model using the Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) has been proposed based on the experimental database that portrayed the highest performance as compared with the previous models with R²=0.92, RMSE=0.27, and MAE=0.33. Therefore, the suggested ANN model can accurately capture the axial strength of FRP-confined NC cylinders that can be used for the further analysis and design of such members in the construction industry.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.50 no.2
• /
• pp.145-157
• /
• 2017

Because of Recent intensive rainfall, nationally landslides and slope failure phenomenon has been frequently occur. Providing proposed-measures to the natural disasters that occur in these localities and the slope, must be derived ground of strength parameters(shear strength) as a design input data. However, it is such as extra deforestation and a lot of economic costs in order to make the access to the current area and the slopes ground survey is required. Thus, by small dynamic cone penetration test machine using the human to carry in the field, it is possible to easily measure the characteristics and strength constant of the ground of more than one region. In this study through researching analysis of the domestic and foreign small dynamic cone penetration test method, it has proposed a cone material and test methods suitable for the country. Cone penetration test Nc in the field has comparated with analysis of the value and the standard penetration test N value. And, in addition to this, direct shear test and borehole shear test were performed by depth, bedrock, and soil type and passing #200 and the correlation of the Nc value. In particular, in the present study, for the sandy soil that has distict distribute in mountain, it is proposed relation of shear strength corresponding to the Nc value (cohesion and internal friction angle) in order to calculate such effective ground shear strength.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.38 no.9
• /
• pp.765-772
• /
• 2015

Saussurea lappa has been reported to possess anti-atopic properties. In this study, we have confirmed the S. lappa's anti-atopic properties in Nc/Nga mice and investigated the candidate gene related with its properties using microarray. We determined the target gene using real time PCR in in vitro experiment. S. lappa showed the significant reduction in atoptic dermatitis (AD) score and immunoglobulin E compared with the AD induced Nc/Nga mice. In the results of microarray using back skin obtained from animals, we found that S. lappa's properties are closely associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Consistent with the microarray data, real-time RT-PCR confirmed these modulation at the mRNA level in skin tissues from S. lappa-treated mice. Among these genes, PI3Kca and $IL20R{\beta}$ were significantly downregulated by S. lappa treatment in Nc/Nga mouse model. In in vitro experiment using HaCaT cells, we found that the S. lappa components, including alantolactone, caryophyllene, costic acid, costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone significantly decreased the expression of PI3Kca but not $IL20R{\beta}$ in vitro. Therefore, our study suggests that PI3Kca-related signaling is closely related with the protective effects of S. lappa against the development of atopic-dermatitis.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.714-720
• /
• 2007

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration in the skin. This study was performed to assess the therapeutic effects of BHOSB on the DNCB-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, characterized by the onset of AD along with an increase the number of inflammatory cells and dysregulation of inflammatory mediators including cytokines and chemokines. BHOSB administration significantly reduced clinical dermatitis severity including pruritus, edema, eczematous and erythema. Histological findings indicated that the thickening of epidermis/dermis and dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells including mast cells were dramatically reduced. The suppression of dermatitis by BHOSB was accompanied by a decrease in the number of CD11b$^+$/Gr-1$^+$ immune cells in skin but not CD3$^+$/CCR3$^+$ cells. However, the number of CD3$^+$ cells was increased in BHOSB administrated NC/Nga mice. Oral administration of BHOSB significantly reduced the level of IL-6, TNF-a and eotaxin 2 mRNA in skin. These data suggest that BHOSB may be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of AD.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.285-297
• /
• 2023

Objectives: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess and compare the effectiveness of manual therapy in alleviating infant crying, a common symptom of nocturnal crying (NC) and infantile colic (IC). Methods: Total effective rate, crying time and adverse events were used as outcome indicators. To assess the quality, the risk of bias was determined for each study by two authors, using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool. RevMan 5.0 was used for data analysis. A total of 98 articles were identified from 6 electronic databases. Results: Among them, twenty-seven studies which included 13 NC and 14 IC were included. Meta-analysis showed favorable effects tuina therapy on total effective rate (TER) of NC (RR: 1.20 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.37], p = 0.007), chiropractic therapy on crying time change of IC (SMD: -0.83 [95% CI -1.61 to -0.06], p = 0.04) and massage on total crying time of IC (SMD: -0.86 [95% CI -1.09 to -0.63], p < 0.00001). This systematic review compares different manual therapies for the treatment of NC and IC. While tuina, chiropractic, and massage show results in alleviating symptoms, the overall evidence remains limited due to the low quality and heterogeneity of the included studies. Conclusion: Therefore, further high-quality research with unified control groups is needed to establish manual therapy as a recommended treatment option for NC and IC. Protocol registration number is CRD42022348143 01/08/2022.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.41 no.7
• /
• pp.747-749
• /
• 2016

We consider a time-division multiple-access relay channel (MARC), in which two source nodes (SNs) transmit data with different data rate to a destination node (DN) with the help of a relay node (RN) using network coding (NC). However, due to its asymmetric data rate, the RN cannot combine the received bits by XOR NC. In this paper, we compare with the problem of asymmetric data rates by using zero padding and hierarchical 16QAM.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we present a machining time estimation algorithm for 5-axis high-speed machining. Estimation of machining time plays an important role in process planning and production scheduling of a shop. In contrast to the rapid evolution of machine tools and controllers, machining time calculation is still based on simple algorithms of tool path length divided by input feedrates of NC data, with some additional factors from experience. We propose an algorithm based on 5-axis machine behavior in order to predict machining time more exactly. For this purpose, we first investigated the operational characteristics of 5-axis machines. Then, we defined some dominant factors, including feed angle that is an independent variable for machining speed. With these factors, we have developed a machining time calculation algorithm that has a good accuracy not only in 3-axis machining, but also in 5-axis high-speed machining.