• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.55-63
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• 2014

Purpose - In urban regeneration projects, considerations for rejuvenating traditional public markets are becoming increasingly important. That is because the traditional market is not just a commercial space but also a living center for local people's existence. Cultural contents like these are invaluable assets in the contemporary economy. However, traditional markets are gradually declining because of changes in distribution systems and consumer lifestyles. New distribution systems such as modern distribution markets, home shopping, and online shopping malls made traditional markets less competitive. Further, traditional markets have not been able to adapt to the changing consumption styles of younger generations. Some say that it is a natural phenomenon that cannot be stopped. However, traditional markets are not just another distribution system but also a valuable resource that encapsulates the local people's tradition and history. Thus, a revitalization strategy for traditional public markets has become an urgent task in contemporary urban regeneration projects. This study aimed to find ways to activate traditional public markets by making it a community landmark based on visual merchandising perspectives. Research design and methodology - This study focused on analyzing Granville Island (Vancouver, Canada) as a role-model project for rejuvenating the traditional market. It investigated Granville Island both with walk-through evaluation and literature reviews. Results - We found that it has been developed not only to improve visual aspects, but also to promote cultural contents with high value added. For example, the developers maintained the visual elements that tell the original history of the site as an industrial factory. The renewal project had a balance between improving the outer look and creating attractive contents. The following are the merits of Granville Island that Korean traditional markets should note. First, they kept the whole area clean and hygienic. Second, merchants are well educated, business-savvy, and consumer-oriented. Third, the area's total environmental designs were done by professionals of a high caliber. Fourth, the city government and the merchants'association were collaborating well in their efforts to accommodate the changing needs of consumers. Conclusions - This study made the following suggestions as a conclusion. First, it will be a very powerful tool to rejuvenate the traditional market if we can discover unique cultural resources and develop them as cultural products, experiences, and events. Consumers of the 21st century have a strong tendency to consume not only material products, but also the experiences and memories attached to them. Second, in order to maintain the unique characteristics of traditional markets, fostering the viability of the merchants' association and local residents' society would be essential. Third, it is necessary to make the traditional market into a cultural place not only for the shopping patronage of local residents, but also for attracting tourists to increase sales. Finally, professional management and design approaches are needed in order to make the traditional market a pleasant space from a visual merchandising standpoint.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.897-905
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• 2007

Approximately 70% of Korea is composed of forest areas. Especially 48% of agricultural field is practiced at highland areas over 400 m in elevation in Kangwon province. Over 90% of highland agricultural farming is located at Kangwon province. Runoff characteristics at the mountainous area such as Kangwon province are largely affected by steep slopes, thus runoff estimation considering field slopes needs to be utilized for accurate estimation of direct runoff. Although many methods for runoff estimation are available, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), now Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS), Curve Number (CN)-based method is used in this study. The CN values were obtained from many plot-years dataset obtained from mid-west areas of the United States, where most of the areas have less than 5% in slopes. Thus, the CN method is not suitable for accurate runoff estimation where significant areas are over 5% in slopes. Therefore, the CN values were adjusted based on the average slopes (25.8% at Doam-dam watershed) depending on the 5-day Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC). In this study, the CN-based Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) direct runoff estimation model used and the Web-based Hydrograph Analysis Tool (WHAT) was used for direct runoff separation from the stream flow data. The $R^2$ value was 0.65 and the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient value was 0.60 when no slope adjustment was made in CN method. However, the $R^2$ value was 0.69 and the Nash-Sutcliffe value was 0.69 with slope adjustment. As shown in this study, it is strongly recommended the slope adjustment in the CN direct runoff estimation should be made for accurate direct runoff prediction using the CN-based L-THIA model when applied to steep mountainous areas.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2020

Artificial and natural changes such as weir construction and climate change often cause abnormal blooming of organism. Therefore, variations in species community of organisms have been actively investigated to identify influential environmental changes on the fresh water ecosystem. In this study, we investigated Chironomidae community and environmental factors at 5 representative weirs (Ipo, IP; Sejong, SJ; Juksan, JS; Gangjeong-goryung, GG; and Dalsung weir) in 4 Korean major rivers to figure out relationship between Chironomidae community and environmental factors. Environmental factors indicating organic matter (total organic carbon, TOC and Chlorophyll-a, Chl-a) showed lower concentration in IP and SJ compared with other sites(JS, GG and DS). 3 sub-family 18 genus 25 species of Chironomidae community were found in this study. Among them, Chironominae was dominant in JS (Tanytarsus sp.1), GG (Polypedilum scalaenum) and DS (Polypedilum scalaenum), while different sub-family were dominant in IP (Orthcladinae, Tokunagayusurika akamushi) and SJ (Tanypodinae, Tanypus punctipennis). Moreover, based on the dominant species of Chironomidae community and environmental factors, the cluster analysis classified our study sites into 3 groups. These results imply that the diet resource is the most important factor for dominance of Chironomidae in Korean rivers. We also suggest that further study on the identification of diet resources for each Chironomidae specie is required for better understating of distribution in species community of Chironomidae at various ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.421-428
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• 2009

In Korea, the change of river flux due to seasons change is so considerable because of the mountainous terrain with the sharp slope and leaned rainfall. This unfavorable natural condition and the difficulties in precise grasping of the river status made the water resource management difficult so that the necessity of the precise river management has been continuously increased. In this study, a precise river-region DEM using the latest equipments of ALS and MBES is constructed. After acquiring DEM from each senor on the river region, a single DEM was generated by combining them. Also, the field inspection was carried out in the overlapped region of ALS and MBES in order to verify the quality of DEM. The verification of DEM was carried out by comparison between TINs obtained from the combined result of ALS and MBES and the surveying result from total station at more than 10 points in the selected two test areas. As a result, NO.1-area's RMSE of 0.322m and 0.113m are obtained for NO. 1 and NO. 2 areas, respectively. The result of this study shows the feasibility of DEM construction for river region using ALS and MBES as seen in the case of NO. 2 area. At the same time, it was appeared that a better method on the data fusion should be developed as seen in the result of NO. 1 area.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.103-107
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• 2006

Effects of temperature and relative humidity on fat soluble vitamin contents in two commercial vitamin tablets ('Multivitamin Dandelion' and 'vitamin E Yarrow') were investigated. When they stored at different temperature (25, 35, and $45^{\circ}C$) with cap and stored at low relative humidity (11% RH) without cap, all fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A acetate, vitamin E acetate and vitamin E) were stable during 24 weeks of storage period. However, when they stored at high relative humidity (75% RH and 100% RH) without cap, vitamin A acetate and vitamin E acetate dramatically disintegrated at the early stage of storage. On the other hand, vitamin E gradually decreased during storage. Therefore, stability of some fat soluble vitamins, which exist as acetate form, was highly dependent on relative humidity rather than storage temperature. Water may act as a plasticizer and increased the mobility of molecules in vitamin tablet resulting in relatively fast disintegration of some fat soluble vitamins.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.256-262
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Seed of perilla (Perilla frutescens var. japonica Hara) is short-lived in conventional storage conditions. For long-term conservation of plant species, cryopreservation is the method currently available. This study was performed to find out reliable methods for a long-term storage of seeds of perilla as a genetic resource. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using seeds of 9 perilla cultivars, the effects of desiccation, aging, and cryopreservation on seed germinability and ascorbate peroxidase activity in the seeds were investigated. Initial germinability of the seeds was various, and dry seeds of all cultivars survived cryopreservation without loss of viability. The highest germination was achieved at 4-5% moisture content, and stimulatory effect of cryogenic temperature on the seed germination was observed in some cultivars. Accelerated aging of perilla seeds led to reduction in germination and ascorbate peroxidase activity, and the susceptibility of seeds to aging was different among the tested cultivars. No significant difference in germination was observed for the aged seeds of control and liquid nitrogen exposed. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that cryopreservation at 4-5% moisture content would be a suitable method for long-term conservation of perilla seeds without detrimental effects on germination.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.169-176
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• 2016

Although chemical fertilizers have a quick effect and broad applicability to agricultural fields, they have caused many problems like increasing soil acidity or decreasing soil organic matters. Environmental-friendly agriculture has been attempted in various ways such as organic agriculture, natural farming, low input and sustainable agriculture. The common interest of all environmental-friendly systems is to decrease burden to agricultural environment by low input of agricultural labor and materials. This study was conducted to estimate overwintering capacity and genetic distance among Chinese Milk Vetch (Astragalus sinicus, CMV) collections based on morphological characteristics and AFLP (Amplified fragment length polymorphism) analysis. Furthermore, the effect of CMV as green manure was observed in mix-cultured paddy fields with rice, sesame and sweet-potato. An another objective of this study was also to compare the pattern of weed occurrence in paddy fields with or without CMV and different rice transplanting times. The CMV collected from Paju district in central region of Korea was successively occurring through self-reseeding without artificial management. However, there was no noticeable difference in growth habit between Paju native CMV and introduced CMV from China which is currently used in farm fields. On the basis of multi-dimensional scaling and tree analyses, there are no significant difference of agricultural growth characteristics among Paju and chinese collections only excepting leaf angle and root length. The flowering time of Gurye collection was fast for 1 week as compared to other collections. AFLP that was commonly used for plant classfication, was applied to exam the genetic variation of CMV collections. Total 579 PCR products and 336 polymorphic fragments were generated using 8 primer pairs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.294-302
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• 2019

As a series of fundamental researches on the development of an automatic identification monitoring system for fishing gear. Firstly, the study on the installation method of automated identification buoy for the coastal improvement net fishing net with many loss problems on the west coast was carried out. Secondly, the study was conducted find out how to install an automatic identification buoy for coastal gill net which has the highest loss rate among the fisheries. GPS for fishing was used six times in the coastal waters around Seogwipo city in Jeju Island to determine the developmental status and underwater behavior to conduct a field survey. Next, a questionnaire was administered in parallel on the type of loss and the quantity and location of fishing gear to be developed and the water transmitter. In the field experiment, the data collection was possible from a minimum of 13 hours, ten minutes to a maximum of 20 hours and ten minutes using GPS, identifying the development status and underwater behavior of the coastal gillnet fishing gear. The result of the survey showed that the loss of coastal net fishing gear was in the following order: net (27.3%), full fishing gear (24.2%), buoys, and anchors (18.2%). The causes were active algae (50.0%), fish catches (33.3%) and natural disasters (12.5%). To solve this problem, the installation method is to attach one and two electronic buoys to top of each end of the fishing gear, and one underwater transmitter at both ends of the float line connected to the anchor. By identifying and managing abnormal conditions such as damage or loss of fishing gear due to external factors such as potent algae and cutting of fishing gear, loss of fishing gear can be reduced. If the lost fishing gear is found, it will be efficiently collected.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.161-168
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• 2002

A behavioral investigation in deer equipped with EMG telemetry system was carried out to examine the chewing behavior pattern for efficient feeding management of Korean spotted deer(Cervus nippon). There was more frequent and irregular eating and rumination behavior pattern in deer than those in other ruminants. Time spent on eating and ruminating was 261 and 291 min., respectively. Total number of boli regurgitated was 647 times per a day and deer regurgitated an average boil of 21.6 times per a rumination period. Total rumination time was 291 min. and deer have an average rumination time of 26.9 sec. per a boli. Deer had 245.3 min. for total chewing time, 20,405 times fur number of chews, 31.5 times for number of chews per bolus, and 53.4 times for number of chews per minute during rumination period. An average regurgitation bolus an hour was lower with 15.3 numbers in the 09∼15 hours subperiod and higher with 26 numbers in the 15∼21 hours subperiod and it had been gradually trended to become to low after 15∼21 hours subperiod. An average numbers of chews a bolus at every 6 hours subperiod increased gradually according to time. A deer spent 23.3 min. on eating and 26.2 min. on ruminating per 100g ingested dry matter. Consequently, since deer have a different chewing behavioral pattern to other ruminants such as more frequent and irregular eating and ruminating patterns, small bolus and low number of chew, it is likely to needed to establishment and development efficient feeding system for deer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to enhance the colored potatoes utilization and to determine the biological activity of colored potato extracts. In order to understand the factors responsible for the potent anti-oxidant ability of colored potatoes, it has been evaluated for anti-oxidative activity using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. 'Hongyoung' extract was significant anti-oxidant activities in ORAC assay. About two-fold higher radical absorbance capacity was found in 'Hongyoung' compared to that in 'Jayoung'. The ability of 80% ethanol extracts from colored potatoes to influence the inhibitory activity of nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has also been investigated. The various therapeutic benefit claims in the new functional medicinal usage of colored potatoes ascribed to the phenolic compounds and anthocyanin. This result revealed that the extracts of colored potatoes are expected to be good candidate for development into sources of free radical scavenger or COX-2 inhibiting agents.