• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.13-18
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• 1996

One mechanism of free-radical production by ethanol is suggested to be through the intracellular conversion of XDH to XO by increased ratio of NADH to NAD. The major mechanism for physiological compensation of cytosolic NADH/NAD balance is the malate/aspartate shutfie. Therefore, it is important to develop the method to improve the efficiency of malate/aspartate shuttle in ethanol metabolism. In the present study, various amino acids and organic acid involved in the shuttle were tested for their functional efficiency in modulating shuttle in the ethanol-perfused rat liver. The rate of ethanol oxidation in the liver perfused with aspartate alone or aspartate in combination with pyruvate, respectively, was increased by about 10% compared to control liver, but not in the tissues perfused with glummate, cysteine or pyruvate alone. Though glummate, cysteine and pyravate did not affect the ethanol oxidation significanfiy, they showed some suppresive effect on the ethanol-induced radical generation monitored by protein carbonylation analysis. Among the tested components, aspartate is confirmed to be the most efficient as a metabolic regulator for both ethanol oxidation and ethanol-induced oxidative stress in our perfusion system. These effects of aspartate would result from NAD recycling by its supplementation through the coupled aspartate aminotransferase/malate dehydrogenase reactions and the malate-aspartate shuttle.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.1406-1411
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• 2012

5,5'-Dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was selected as an electron transfer mediator and was covalently immobilized onto high porosity carbon cloth to employ as a working electrode in an electrochemical $NAD^+$-regeneration process, which was coupled to an enzymatic reaction. The voltammetric behavior of DTNB attached to carbon cloth resembled that of DTNB in buffered aqueous solution, and the electrocatalytic anodic current grew continuously upon addition of NADH at different concentrations, indicating that DTNB is immobilized to carbon cloth effectively and the immobilized DTNB is active as a soluble one. The bioelectrocatalytic $NAD^+$ regeneration was coupled to the conversion of L-glutamate into ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate by L-glutamate dehydrogenase within the same microreactor. The conversion at 3 mM monosodium glutamate was very rapid, up to 12 h, to result in 90%, and then slow up to 24 h, showing 94%, followed by slight decrease. Low conversion was shown when substrate concentration exceeding 4 mM was tested, suggesting that L-glutamate dehydrogenase is inhibited by ${\alpha}$-ketoglutarate. However, our electrochemical $NAD^+$ regeneration procedure looks advantageous over the enzymatic procedure using NADH oxidase, from the viewpoint of reaction time to completion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.92-100
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• 2017

Acetoin (AC) is a volatile platform compound with various potential industrial applications. AC contains two stereoisomeric forms: (3S)-AC and (3R)-AC. Optically pure AC is an important potential intermediate and widely used as a precursor to synthesize novel optically active materials. In this study, chiral (3R)-AC production from meso-2,3-butanediol (meso-2,3-BD) was obtained using recombinant Escherichia coli cells co-expressing meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-2,3-BDH), NADH oxidase (NOX), and hemoglobin protein (VHB) from Serratia sp. T241, Lactobacillus brevis, and Vitreoscilla, respectively. The new biocatalyst of E. coli/pET-mbdh-nox-vgb was developed and the bioconversion conditions were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, 86.74 g/l of (3R)-AC with the productivity of 3.61 g/l/h and the stereoisomeric purity of 97.89% was achieved from 93.73 g/l meso-2,3-BD using the whole-cell biocatalyst. The yield and productivity were new records for (3R)-AC production. The results exhibit the industrial potential for (3R)-AC production via whole-cell biocatalysis.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.62-70
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• 1988

미토콘드리아가 포함하고있는 결정한유물의 미새구조와 면역황금표식법에 의한 분석을 위하여 우심근 세포의 미토콘드리아에서 전자전달체에 관여하는 효소를 분리하였다. 우심근 미토콘드리아에서 분리된 효소는 실험토끼에 주사하여 (복합체I,NADH-conezyme Q reductase; 복합체 III,Ubiquinol-cytochrome-c-oxldoreductase; 복합체 IV, Cytochrome-c-oxidase)들에 대한 면역항체를 얻었다. 이들 면역항체들은 우심근과 정상인의 골격근 미토콘드리아와 미토콘드리아에 결정함유물을 포함하는 mitochondrical myopathy환자의 골격근 미토콘드리아에 반응시켜 황금입자를 표식하고 전자현미경을 이용하여 이들 면역항체반응을 관찰하였다. 미토콘드리아가 포함하는 결정함유물의 미세구조에는 paracrystalline inclusions body와 multilamellar strudure inclusion body그리고 구형결정함유물(globular crystalline inclusions body) 및 윤형구조 (whirl shaped structure)의 크리스테 중심에 있는 구형결정함유물 등의 4종류로관찰되었다. 복합체 I,복합체 Iv의 효소에 대한 항체를 우심근과 정상인 골격근 그리고 mitochondrical myopathy환자의 골격근에 동일한 면역반응을 시켰을때 미토콘드리아 크리스테에 부착하는 황금입자의 표식 정도는 각각의 근조직에서 유사한 반응이 관찰되었다. 복합체 III의 효소에 대한 항체는 우심근과 정상인의 골격근에서는 유사한 반응이 나타났으나 mitochondrical myopathy환자의 골격근에서는 극히 소수의 황금입자가 관찰되었다. 구형결정함유물은 복합체 I,III,IV의 3종류의 효소에 대한 면역반응 결과 황금입자표식은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 mitochondrical myopathy환자의 미토콘드리아에는 복합에 III의 효소가 결핍되었으며 구형결정함유물은 전자전달체 효소들인 복합체 I,III,Iv 효소단백질과는 상관없는 물질로 생각된다.

• 미생물과산업
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.2-9
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• 1999

A study was made on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in T. concretivorus grown with and without glucose. The present results show that T. concretivorus possesses high activities of pentose shunt pathway and related enzymes, glucokinase, G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucoisomerase, but low activities of enzymes unique to EMP(fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase). Although the synthesis of the latter enzymes remains largely unaffected by the growth enviroment, that of the former is stimulated by glucose. And the failure to detect ED pathway enzymes in cells grown in thiosulate or thiosulfate-glucose medium eliminates the ED pathway as a significant route of glucose catabolism in T.concretivorus. These results suggest that pentose shunt pathway performs an energetic role in glucose metabolism by T.concretivorus with EMP as a subway. The absence of ED pathway and the presence of pentose shunt pathway which is the major route of catabolism in T.concretivorus are similar to those of other obligately chemolitho-trophic thiobacilli. The G-6-P and 6-PG dehydrogenase are both NAD and NADP specific, but MAD predominant. However, the 3-PGAL dehydrogenase is only NAD specific. Since the specific activity of 3-PGAL generated from glucose is converted mainly into pyruvate which is channeled into the TCA cycle. All enzymes of the TCA cycle tested and NADH oxidase are detected in the cells of T.concretivorus grown in thiosulfate. The specific activities of fumarase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are high and others are low. The presence of two isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-and NADP-linked) may have important regulatory function for this organism. The activity of NAD-oxidase, which is implicated in the energy generating metabolism, was very high in the crude cell-free extract of T.concretivorus, recording 55.11 m.mu. mole/min/mg protein. This well coincides with the fact that activities of NAD-linked G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase and 3-PGAL dehydrogenase were high.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 1973

A study was made on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in T. concretivorus grown with and without glucose. The present results show that T. concretivorus possesses high activities of pentose shunt pathway and related enzymes, glucokinase, G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucoisomerase, but low activities of enzymes unique to EMP(fructose-1, 6-diphosphate aldolase). Although the synthesis of the latter enzymes remains largely unaffected by the growth enviroment, that of the former is stimulated by glucose. And the failure to detect ED pathway enzymes in cells grown in thiosulate or thiosulfate-glucose medium eliminates the ED pathway as a significant route of glucose catabolism in T.concretivorus. These results suggest that pentose shunt pathway performs an energetic role in glucose metabolism by T.concretivorus with EMP as a subway. The absence of ED pathway and the presence of pentose shunt pathway which is the major route of catabolism in T.concretivorus are similar to those of other obligately chemolitho-trophic thiobacilli. The G-6-P and 6-PG dehydrogenase are both NAD and NADP specific, but MAD predominant. However, the 3-PGAL dehydrogenase is only NAD specific. Since the specific activity of 3-PGAL generated from glucose is converted mainly into pyruvate which is channeled into the TCA cycle. All enzymes of the TCA cycle tested and NADH oxidase are detected in the cells of T.concretivorus grown in thiosulfate. The specific activities of fumarase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are high and others are low. The presence of two isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD-and NADP-linked) may have important regulatory function for this organism. The activity of NAD-oxidase, which is implicated in the energy generating metabolism, was very high in the crude cell-free extract of T.concretivorus, recording 55.11 m$\mu$ mole/min/mg protein. This well coincides with the fact that activities of NAD-linked G-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-PG dehydrogenase and 3-PGAL dehydrogenase were high.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제62권2호
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• pp.83-87
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• 2023

애긴노린재는 긴노린재과에 속하며 한국을 포함한 동아시아 국가의 다양한 곡물 및 관상용 식물의 주요 해충으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 애긴노린재의 17,367 bp 미토콘드리아 유전체에서 13개의 protein-coding genes, 22개의 transfer RNA genes, 2개의 ribosomal RNA genes과 non-coding A+T rich region를 확인하였다. G+C content는 23%로 나타났고 다른 긴노린재과와의 염기서열 유사성이 N. cymoides (94.5%), N. fuscovittatus (91.7%)으로 높은 것을 발견하였다. 애긴노린재의 미토콘드리아 유전체 정보는 향후 긴노린재과의 진화 연구와 해충 방제를 위한 정보로 널리 사용될 수 있다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2006

We investigated enzyme activity and histochemical changes in hind limb of mouse treated with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN). The activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase in 6-AN treated group were significantly higher than those of the control and pair-fed groups. Also, the activity of lactic dehydrogenase in 6-AN treated group was the highest among the three groups, whereas that of the pair-fed group were higher than that of the control group. In the 6-AN treated group, oxidative histochemical stains, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reductase (NADH), succinyl dehydrogenase (SDH) showed increased scattered fibers in 6-AN treated subsarcolemma. Cytochrome c oxidase (COX) stain showed decreased up to 85% in 6-AN treated fibers. These results demonstrate that 6-AN antagonizes cell metabolism and induces the morphological deformity like the other mitochondrial muscle diseases. Therefore, we suppose that these data would be useful indexes for disclosing the mechanism of mitochondrial muscle disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6669-6672
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• 2013

Colon cancer (CRC) is a serious health problem throughout the world. Development of novel drugs without side effects for this cancer is crucial. Luteolin (LUT), a bioflavonoid, has many beneficial effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative potential. was a potent chemical carcinogen used for the induction of colon cancer. Colon carcinogenesis was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) to mice at the dose of 15 mg/body kg weight in Balb/C mice for 3 weeks. Mice were treated with LUT at the dose of 1.2 mg/body kg weight orally. Mitochondrial enzymes such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), ${\alpha}$-keto dehydrogenase (${\alpha}$-KDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and the activities of respiratory chain enzymes NADH dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase were found to be elevated in AOM-treated animals. Treatment with LUT decreased the activities of all the parameters significantly. Hence, LUT might be a potent anticancer agent against colorectal cancer.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.683-688
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• 2015

Human diphyllobothriasis is a widespread fish-borne zoonosis caused by the infection with broad tapeworms belonging to the genus Diphyllobothrium. In mainland China, so far 20 human cases of Diphyllobothrium infections have been reported, and the etiologic species were identified as D. latum and D. nihonkaiense based on morphological characteristics or molecular analysis. In the present study, proglottids of diphyllobothriid tapeworms from 3 human cases that occurred in Heilongjiang Province, China were identified as D. nihonkaiense by sequencing mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (nad5) genes. Two different cox1 gene sequences were obtained. One sequence showed 100% homology with those from humans in Japan. The remaining cox1 gene sequence and 2 different nad5 gene sequences obtained were not described previously, and might reflect endemic genetic characterizations. D. nihonkaiense might also be a major causative species of human diphyllobothriasis in China. Meanwhile, the finding of the first pediatric case of D. nihonkaiense infection in China suggests that infants infected with D. nihonkaiense should not be ignored.