• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

The button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is one of the most widely cultivated important edible mushroom species. In the breeding of new button mushroom, 'Seolgang' was developed by crossing two monokaryons 'CM020913-27' and 'SSU423-31'. Because of the secondarily homothallism, only a small percentage of the basidia produce 3 or 4 spores, which are mostly haploid (n) and do not fruit. Single spore cultures derived from these types of spores produce a vegetative mycelium that also contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell called monokaryon. The lack of clamp connections between monokaryon and dikaryon required a series of mycelial culture and fruiting test. After crossing, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. For this, the spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of 'Seolgang' on CDA was better at $20^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of '505 Ho'. The mature cap shape of new strain 'Seolgang' is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 41.2 mm on average. In comparison with white strain '505 Ho', the strain had a yield that was 9% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 19% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 3-4 days later than those of '505 Ho'. The physical characteristics such as elasticity, chewiness, adhesiveness were better than that of '505 Ho'. Genetic analysis of the new strain 'Seolgang' showed different profiles compared to '505 Ho', CM02913-27, SSU413-31, when RAPD primers A02 and O04 were used.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1268-1273
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• 2011

The present study was conducted to determine a feasible method of protein concentrate extraction from rice bran (RBPC) and its effect as a substitution for skim milk in early weaning pig diets. An investigation to extract protein concentrate from full fat rice bran was undertaken to determine the best ratio of water and rice bran, the amount of NaOH and a HCl solvent to use in a simple paddle-type mixer with modified spinning to produce RBPC. The results stated that the best ratio for water mixing in the RBPC extraction process was 1:5 with 20 g NaOH and 30 min in a paddle-type mixer at 300 rpm. A mix of 250 ml 0.2 N HCl was optimum for neutralization and protein precipitation. After the fluid was spun out with a washing machine, the sediment was left for 12-14 hours to complete the filtration. One kilogram of rice bran could produce an average of 324.5 gram RBPC and it contained 3.40% ash, 496.48 kcal of GE/100 gram, 1.94% crude fiber, 28.20% ether extract, 7.64% moisture and 16.66% crude protein, respectively. A total of 45 crossbred piglets, weaned at 3 weeks of age were allotted into control diet (A) and dietary treatments formulated with a four different rates of RBPC substitution for skim milk at a percentage of 25 (B), 50 (C), 77 (D) and 100 (E) respectively, in a randomized complete block (RCB) design. All piglets had free access to feed and water until 8 week of age when the experiment ended. Feed intake, average daily gain, growth rate and feed efficiency were not affected by dietary treatments. Blood test parameters after completion of the growth trial indicated normal health. Even though the mean of cell hemoglobin concentration was significantly different between treatments (p<0.05) it was still within the normal range. The cost difference for BW gain of 100% RBPC substituted for skim milk in the weaning diet was approximately 35% lower than that of the control and the relative cost of production was 96.67, 92.85, 70.75 and 64.48% lower for the replacement of 25, 50, 75 and 100% of skim milk respectively. These results implied that this technology is feasible for use by small scale farmers to improve their self-reliance.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.459-470
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to analyze the proteome of proliferating bovine satellite cells from longissimus dorsi, deep pectoral and semitendinosus muscle depots which had been subjected to hormonal deprivation or addition in culture. For hormone deprivation or addition studies, the cells were either grown in 10% charcoal-dextran stripped fetal bovine serum (CD-FBS) or in 10% FBS supplemented medium. Further to analyze the effect of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1) and testosterone (TS), the cells were grown in 10% CD-FBS containing IGF-1 (10 ng/ml) or TS (10 nM). Results have shown that hormone deprivation had a negative impact on proliferation of the cells from each of the muscle depots. In case of IGF-1 and TS addition, the proliferation levels were low compared with that of the cells grown in 10% FBS. Hence, to gain the insights of the proteins that are involved in such divergent levels of proliferation, the proteome of such satellite cells proliferating under the above mentioned conditions were analyzed using 2D-DIGE and MALDI-ToF/ToF. Thirteen proteins during hormone deprivation and nine proteins from hormone addition were found to be differentially expressed in all the cultures of the cells from the three depots. Moreover, the results highlighted in this study offer a role for each differentially expressed protein with respect to its effect on positive or negative regulation of cell proliferation.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 1979

In order to study the morphologic changes of the unfixed odontoblasts suspended in phenol solution of several different concentrations, the author carried out the extraction of lower incisor of S-D strain rats to collect the odontoblasts, and the cells obtained were suspended immediately in saline solution. After observing the odontoblasts in fresh state, the saline solution was substituted with 0.125%, 0.25% 0.5%, 1% and 2% diluted phenol solutions. The morphologic changes were examined with phase contrast microscope at intervals of 10, 30, and 60 minutes. The results were as follows: 1. In saline solution the odontoblast showed cytoplasmic swelling, slender cytoplasmic process, thick rim nuclear membrane with increased dark contrast, and prominent nucleoli and chromatin granules with lapse of time intervals. In accordance with time intervals, blisters appeared in the supranuclear zone and increased its size and moved outward of the cytoplasmic membrane resulting detachment from the cell membrane. The phase dark cytoplasmic granules were increased in its dark contrast and in its size. 2. In 0.125% and 0.25% phenol solution, the odontoblasts and its nucleus shrunk immeidately and its contrast of cellular components was increased. With the lapse of time, the phase-dark granules in cytoplasm were aggregated, and several blisters were formed in and out of the cells. The outline of cytoplasmic membrane was also obscured. 3. In 0.5% phenol solution, the necleus shrunk at once, but soon after it revealed karyolysis accompanying dark contrast of neclear components such as nuclear membrane, nucleoli, and chromatin granules. On the contrary, the cytoplasmic granules showed aggregation and increased dark contrast, small and large blisters were formed in and out of the odontblasts and the outline of cytoplasmic membrane became obscured. 4. In 1% phenol solution, it showed shrinkage of odontblasts and its nuclei with thick rim nuclear membrane, aggregation of chromatin granules and occasional karyorrhexis. The dark contrast of cytoplasmic granules was increased and aggregated each other. But the blister formation could not be found. 5. In 2% phenol solution, it showed the shrinkage of odontoblasts and pyknotic nuclei with increased dark contrast of nucleoli and chromatin granules. The number of cytoplasmic granules was decreased by aggregation. But the blister formation could not be found as in 1% phenol solution.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.56-56
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• 2018

가는잎향유는 우리나라에 자생하는 고유종으로 꽃이 아름답고 향이 좋아 관상 및 약용으로 사용되나, 무분별하게 남획되기도 하여 자원의 보호가 요구되는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 가는 잎향유의 종 유지 및 재배방법 확립을 위하여 종자를 이용한 육묘조건을 조사하였다. 연구 내용은 파종용기, 파종립수, 토양종류, 추비농도 및 차광정도 등을 각 처리별로 2017년 6월 2일부터 7월 31일까지 약 8주간 수행되었다. 가는잎향유의 종자를 162, 200, 288구 트레이 및 사각분에 파종한 처리 중, 162구 트레이 처리구에서 엽면적과 지하부 생체중이 가장 넓거나 무거웠으며, 파종립수는 한 cell당 2립 처리구에서 초장이 안정적이고 엽면적이 넓었다. 파종용 상토로는 피트모스:펄라이트(3:1) 처리구가 코코피트:펄라이트(3:1) 처리구보다 생육에 효과적이었으며, 비료는 혼용토에 $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$(N-P-K)를 혼합한 처리구에서 발아율, 마디수, 엽록소 지수 등이 우수하였다. 재배관리는 추비는 hyponex를 농도별로 시비하였으나, 무처리구보다 생육에 효과적이지는 않았다. 또한, 재배시 차광처리를 하지 않는 것이 가는잎향유의 실생육묘에 유리하였다. 따라서, 가는잎향유의 육묘를 위해서는 피트모스:펄라이트(3:1) 혼용토에 비료를 $300-200-200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$를 첨가한 토양을 162구 트레이에 충진하여, 한 cell에 2립씩 파종하고 무차광 조건에서 재배하며, 추비는 처리하지 않는 것이 생육에 가장 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.329-334
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• 2011

Many proteins with poor transduction efficiency were reported to be delivered to cells by fusion with protein transduction domains (PTDs). In this study, we investigated the effect of levosulpiride on the transduction of PEP-1 ribosomal protein S3 (PEP-1-rpS3), and examined its influence on the stimulation of the therapeutic properties of PEP-1-rpS3. PEP-1-rpS3 transduction into HaCaT human keratinocytes and mouse skin was stimulated by levosulpiride in a manner that did not directly affect the cell viability. Following 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice, levosulpiride alone was ineffective in reducing TPA-induced edema and in inhibiting the elevated productions of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, such as cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6 and -1${\beta}$, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$. Anti-inflammatory activity by PEP-1-rpS3 + levosulpiride was significantly more potent than by PEP-1-rpS3 alone. These results suggest that levosulpiride may be useful for enhancing the therapeutic effect of PEP-1-rpS3 against various inflammatory diseases.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.76-80
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• 1973

Cyclina sinensis is an edible bivalve inhabiting wide tidal flats which are exposed to the air at ebb tide along the western coast of Korea. Over the period of June to September 1971, some specimens from a tidal flat near Inchon were submerged in sea water with various concentrations of ammonium hydroxide added and careful observations were made on their fertilization, early development, and metamorphosis of the larvae. The highest rate of fertilization was demonstrated by individuals treated with 1/1000 normal solution of ammonium hydroxide and their fertilized eggs followed normal development, i.e., two cell stage 1.5 hours after fertilization, blastular stage after 4 hours, and trochophore stage after 6 hours. Within 24 hrs after fertilization C. sinensis larvae have acquired the form of early straight-hinge veliger with the mean prodissoconch I with the length of $110\mu$. It takes seven days to get the umbo stage with the mean shell length of $190\mu$ and twenty days to get the morphosing stage with the mean shell length of $260\mu$. The larvae were cultured to the metamorphosing stage with the shell length of $270\mu$ in the laboratory condition.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2009

The myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) gene encodes both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell isoforms. Recently, polymorphisms in MYLK have been reported to be associated with several diseases. To examine the genetic effects of polymorphisms on the risk of asthma and related phenotypes, we scrutinized MYLK by re-sequencing/genotyping and statistical analysis in Korean population (n = 1,015). Seventeen common polymorphisms located in or near exons, having pairwise $r^2$ values less than 0.25, were genotyped. Our statistical analysis did not replicate the associations with the risk of asthma and log-transformed total IgE levels observed among African descendant populations. However, two SNPs in intron 16 (+89872C> G and +92263T> C), which were in tight LD (|D'| = 0.99), revealed significant association with log-transformed blood eosinophil level even after correction multiple testing ($P=0.002/P^{corr}=0.01$ and $P=0.002/P^{corr}=0.01$, respectively). The log-transformed blood eosinophil levels were higher in individuals bearing the minor alleles for +89872C> G and +92263T> C than in those bearing other allele. In additional subgroup analysis, the genetic effects of both SNPs were much more apparent among asthmatic patients and atopic asthma patients. Among atopic asthma patients, the log-transformed blood eosinophil levels were proportionally increased by gene-dose dependent manner of in both +89872C> G and +92263T> C(P = 0.0002 and P = 0.00007, respectively). These findings suggest that MYLK polymorphisms might be among the genetic factors underlying differential increases of blood eosinophil levels among asthmatic patients. Further biological and/or functional studies are needed to confirm our results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.96-103
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• 2006

Alaska pollock roe is mainly used as the production salted instead of salt-seasoned seafood (Myungranjeot). Alaska pollock roes with broken egg membrane are usually discarded as a waste product. In order to utilize the broken roes of Alaska pollock, imitated fish sausage was manufactured for commercial production. Hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, brittleness, and gumminess of Alaka pollock roe sausage were evaluated based on mixture design and regression models. The higher amounts of carrageenan and tile lower amounts of starch caused the higher the texture intensity of Alaska pollock roe sausage. The pHs of control, vacuum and $N_2$ packages, increased up to 6.28, 6.23 and 6.24, respectively, during 4 months storage and then decreased. The values of volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total viable cell counts increased during storage periods, while the parameters were higher in control than in vacuum and Na packages. Coliform bacteria was not detected in all treatments during storage periods.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.89-109
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• 1999

Vascular spasm which has been reported to occur in 25% of clinical cases continues to be a problem in microvascular surgery; When prolonged and not corrected, it can lead to low flow, thrombosis, and replant or free flap failure. Ischemia, intimal damage, acidosis and hypovolemia have been implicated as contributors to the vascular spasm. Although much work has been done on the etiology and prevention of vasospasm, a spasmolytic agent capable of firmly protecting against or reversing vasospasm has not been found. Therefore vascular freezing was introduced as a new safe method that immediately and permanently relieves the vasospasm and can be applied to microsurgical transfers. Cryosurgery can be defined as the deliberate destruction of diseased tissue or relief the vascular spasm in microvascular surgery by freezing in a controlled manner. 96 Sprague Dawley rats each weighing within 250g were used and divided into 2 group, experimental 1 and 2 group. In the experimental 1 group, right epigastric vessels (artery and vein) were freezed with a cryoprobe using $N_2O$ gas for 1 min. In the experimental 2 group, after freezing for 1 min, thawing for 30 secs and repeat freezing for 30 secs. Left side was chosen as control group in both group. We sacrified the experimental animals by 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks & 5 months and observed the sequential change that occur during regeneration of epigastric vessels using a histologic, histomorphometric, immunohistochemical and SEM study after the vascular freezing. The results were as follows1. In epigastric arteries, internal diameters had statistically significant enlargement in 1 day, 3 days of Exp-1 group and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week & 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. Wall thickness had statistically significant thinning in 2 weeks of Exp-2 group. 2. In epigastric veins, internal diameters had enlargement of statistical significance in 1 day of Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 3. The positive PCNA reactions in smooth muscle appeared in 1 week and increased until 2 weeks, decreased in 4 weeks. There was no statistical significance between Exp-1 and Exp-2 group. 4. The positive ${\alpha}$-SMA reaction in smooth muscles showed weak responses until 1 week and slowly increased in 2 weeks and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. 5. The positive S-100 reactions in the perivascular nerve bundles showed markedly decrease in 1 day, 3 days and increased after 1 week and showed almost control level in 4 weeks. Exp-1 group had stronger response than Exp-2 group. 6. In SEM, we observed defoliation of endothelial cell and flattening of vessel wall. Exp-2 group is more destroyed and healing was slower than Exp-1 group. To sum up, relief of vasospasm (vasodilatation) by freezing with cryoprobe was originated from the damage of smooth muscle layer and perivascular nerve bundle and the enlargement of internal diameter in vessels was similar to expeimental groups, but Exp-2 group had slower healing course and therefore vessel freezing in microsurgery can be clinically used, but repeat freezing time needs to be studied further.