• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.22
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• pp.243-262
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• 1994

L'niteret majeur de cette etude reside dans I'interpretation des images vestimentaired au Moyen-Age en France sur le plan esthetique et religieux. Comme d'interessantes hypotheses de tra-vail les images religieuses temoignent de la transformation de I'esprit religieux, artistique mais aussistyle de vie, de la mode et du gout a l'epoque segeuriale. D'apres les icons de la ste. Vierge, on peut y noter de multiples sources d'influence. le style autochtone fancais-I'art courtois le style gothique intenational les types de repre'sentation siennoise le Realisme neerlandais le Naturalisme italien Comme le role du vetement d'apres les icons de la ste. Marie le Moye n d'identification de la ste. Marie L'Objet de connexion entre les figures et I'architecture L'Element decoratif dans la peinture L'Intermediaire expressif et approfondi du theme On peut aussi dresser I'iconographie et le symbolisme vestimentairedans le monde chretien.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2009

Several hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, N,N'-dicoumaroylputrescine (DCP), N-p-coumaroyl-N'-feruloyl-putrescine (CFP), and N,N'-diferuloylputrescine (DFP) were isolated and purified from corn bran. To develop the skin whitening agent, we investigated the effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from corn bran, on melanogenesis. CFP and DFP inhibited melanin synthesis in a dose dependent manner up to 44.7 ${\pm}$ 6.0 %, and 58.5 ${\pm}$ 3.1 % at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intracellular tyrosinase activity decreased about 42.5 ${\pm}$ 14.6 %, and 9.0 ${\pm}$ 4.4 % at a concentration of 50 ${\mu}g/mL$ of CFP and DFP, respectively. Our results suggest that inhibitory effects of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives on melanogenesis are due to the inhibition of the intracellular tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that these hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives from corn bran may be potential natural skin whitening agents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.892-898
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• 2005

A long, bis(monodentate), linking Schiff-base ligand L (py-CH=N-$C_6H_4$-N=CH-py) was prepared from 1,4-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde by the Schiff-base condensation. Ligand L has two terminal pyridyl groups capable of coordinating to metals through their nitrogen atoms. In contrast, the same reaction between 1,2-phenylenediamine and 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde produced a mixture of imidazol isomers (2-pyridin-3-yl-1H-benzoimidazole), which are connected to one another by the N-H…N hydrogen bonding to form a tetramer. From Zn($NO_3)_2{\cdot}6H_2O$ and ligand L under various conditions, one discrete molecule, trans- [Zn($H_2O)_4L_2]{\cdot}(NO_3)_2{\cdot}(MeOH)_2$, and two 1-D zinc polymers, [Zn$(NO_3)(H_2O)_2(L)]{\cdot}(NO_3){\cdot}(H_2O)_2$ and [Zn(L) (OBC)($H_2O$)], were prepared. In ligand L, the N$\ldots$N separation between the terminal pyridyl groups is 13.994 $\AA$, with their nitrogen atoms at the meta positions (3,3’) in a trans manner. The corresponding N$\ldots$N separations in its compounds range from 13.853 to 14.754 $\AA$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.537-544
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• 1996

Crofton's formula on Euclidean plane $E^2$ states: Let $\Gamma$ be a rectifiable curve of length L and let G be a straight line. Then $$ \int_{G \cap \Gamma \neq \phi} n dG = 2L $$ where n is the number of the intersection points of G with the curve $\Gamma$.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2001

To characterize the difference in glycoconjugates of mouse epididymis, lectin labeling of the tissue section was conducted using Ulex europaeus agglutinin I(UEA I), succinylated wheat germ agglutinin(sWGA), and Griffonia simplicifolia lectin-I(GSL-I). UEA I which binds to outer $\alpha$-L-fucose residue that is a terminal sugar of the side chain branched from oligosaccharide chain gave the labeling in the proximal caput epithelia exclusively. Lumen was commonly labeled in all of the organ. It suggested that the glycoconjugates bearing outer $\alpha$ -L-fucose residue were largely expressed in the initial segments ot epididymis and subjected to secretion. GSL-I which binds to terminal $\alpha$ -D-galactosyl residue of glycoconjugates gave the labeling in the cytoplasm of clear cells and basal cells, and cilia in corpus and cauda regions but not in the caput region. There was no vast difference in labeling pattern by sWGA which binds to N-acetyl-glucosamine residue among the epididymal regions. Clear cells in corpus and cauda epithelia showed more intense labeling by sWGA compared to principal cells, suggesting the functional specialization of this type of cells. The labeling intensities of luminal content by UEA I and sWGA decreased in cauda region compared to corpus region suggesting the presence of enzymatic activities responsible for processing the $\alpha$-L-fucose and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues from secreted glycoconjugates. In summary, the difference in glycoconjugates bearing the $\alpha$-L-fucose, $\alpha$-D-galactose, and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues according to the type of epithelial cells and epididymal segments suggests functional specialization and different roles of each segment in the processing of sperm surface antigens during the epididymal transit.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2014

Formaldehyde and phenol used in the production of melamine-wares may be intended to come into foodstuffs. So this study investigated the migration of formaldehyde and phenol from 222 articles Articles were cups(14), bowls(75), plates(85), spoons(10), chopsticks(4), food trays(8), rice paddles(4), spatulas(9) and scoops(12). The food stimulants were 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, distilled water and n-heptane. Korea regulation (Standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and package) specifies migration limits for formaldehyde and phenol in food stimulants. Formaldehyde and phenol are restricted by 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L respectively. In all cases the migration of formaldehyde and phenol were below the limit set in Korea regulation. The level of formaldehyde and phenol migrated to food simulants were in the range of N.D~2.949 mg/L, N.D~0.078 mg/L respectively. These migration results of formaldehyde and phenol will provide a scientific basis for the safety management of melamine-wares.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.549-554
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• 2001

For the development of new COX-2 inhibitor, novel compound were synthesized through induction an arylsulfonyl group to 1-position, an arylcarboxamidyl group to 2-position and an alkyl group to 4-position of L-proline. We started from 4-hydroxy-L-proline, the 4-methylphenylsulfonyl of 1-position was introduced through N-tosylation and the carboxylic acid group was protected by esterification. We sucessfully converted to a various derivatives 4b-d for O-alkyl-(or aralkyl)ation of 4-position using silver oxide as catalysis. The 4-alkyloxy-1-tosyl L-prolines 5b-d were synthesized through base-hydrolysis for the deprotection of carboxylic acid. Final compound 1,2,4-substituted pyrrolidines, 4-alkyloxy-2-phenylcarboxamidyl-1-tosyl pyrrolidines 6a-d were synthesized through the condensation of arylamine with 3 and 5b-d using DCC.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.225-234
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• 2021

The present study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cell surface receptor loss by two constitutively activating mutants (designated L469R, and D590Y) and two inactivating mutants (D417N and Y558F) of the luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, known to naturally occur in human LHR transmembrane domains. We investigated cell surface receptor loss using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HEK 293 cells. The expression level of wild-type eel LHR was considered to be 100%, and the expression levels of L469R and D417N were 97% and 101%, respectively, whereas the expression levels of D590Y and Y558F slightly increased to approximately 110% and 106%, respectively. The constitutively activating mutants L469R and D590Y exhibited a decrease in cell surface loss in a manner similar to that of wild-type eel LHR. The rates of loss of cell surface agonist-receptor complexes were observed to be very rapid (2.6-6.2 min) in both the wild-type eel LHR and activating mutants. However, cell surface receptor loss in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F was slightly observed in the cells expressing inactivating mutants D417N and Y558F, despite treatment with a high concentration of agonist. These results provide important information on LHR function in fish and the regulation of mutations of highly conserved amino acids in glycoprotein hormone receptors.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.765-769
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• 2009

Recent studies have reported that the distribution of HPV-16 sequence variation differs geographically, and more specifically that HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants might carry a high risk for development of ICC (invasive cervical cancer) and CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) in a given population. To investigate the genetic diversities of HPV-16 E6/E7 oncogene by region, we collected nineteen HPV-16 isolates from sexually high-risk women in Busan, and analyzed the HPV-16 E6/E7 coding regions (nt 34 to 880) with HPV-16 E6/E7 specific PCR amplification. At the nucleotide levet eleven variants of the E6 genes and nine variants of the E7 genes were identified as follows: E6 T178G (n=l1), E6 T178A (n=l), E6 T350G (n=3), E6 A442C (n=2), E6 AI04T, E6 All1G, E6 C116T, E6 G145T, E6 T183G, E6 C335T, E6 G522C and E7 A647G (n=12), E7 A645C, E7 A777C, E7 G663A, E7 T732C, E7 T760C, E7 A775T, E7 T789C and E7 T795G, respectively. At the amino acid levet the isolated HPV-16 E6 and E7 genes showed eleven E6 variants: E6 D25E (n=12), E6 L83V (n=4), E6 E113D (n=2), E6 MIL, E6 Q3R, E6 P5S, E6 Q14H, E6 D25N, E6 127R, E6 H78Y, E6 C140S and three E7 variants: N29S (n=12), L28F, T72S. HPV16 E6 L83V, the dominant variant in the Caucasian population, showed relatively low frequencies in our study population. We elucidated that the dominant HPV-16 E6/E7 variants were HPV-16 E6 D25E (63.2%) and HPV-16 E7 N29S (63.2%), which were phylogenetically included in Asian lineage. Further study is needed to evaluate the risk of cervical cancer related HPV-16 E6/E7 intratypic variants in the Korean population.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.260-275
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• 2021

Aquaponics is a cultivation system that combines aquaculture and agricultural hydroponics. This study investigated the productivity of leafy vegetables cultivated in the hybrid biofloc technology-aquaponics (HBFT-AP) using Japanese eel fed two kinds of diets (Mash, commercial powdered feed and extruded pellet [EP]) and hydroponics (HP).The mash was fed to the fish in a type of a dough mixed with water for 6 weeks (Exp1) and switched to the EP containing 2.7% monobasic potassium phosphate (MKP) for subsequent 6 weeks (Exp2). Leafy vegetables of 8 cultivar were employed in the experiment and water quality [dissolved oxygen (DO, mg/L), pH, water temperature (℃), electrical conductivity (EC; ㎲/cm), turbidity (NTU), TAN (NH₃ + NH₄⁺) (mg /L), NO₂-N (mg/L), NO₃-N (mg/L) and PO₄-P (mg/L)] was measured 6 times a week. Leafy vegetable productivity (HBFT-AP vs HP) was compared in respective experiment, which was similar or somewhat higher in HBFT-AP. During the 12-week feeding trial, concentrations of nitrite (NO₂-N) and phosphorus (PO₄-P) were kept low in variability while total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and NO₃-N levels increased with time in HBFT-AP. At the end of two feeding trials, values of weight gain (WG, %), feed efficiency (FE, %), specific growth rate (SGR, %) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were higher in Exp2 than in Exp1. As well, higher values in hematocrit (PCV, %), plasma K (mEq/L) and inorganic phosphorus (mg/dL) were found (p < 0.05) in Exp2 where fish were fed the EP (EP: 38.60%, 2.80 mEq/L and 7.04 g/dL; Mash: 33.20%, 1.95 mEq/L and 5.50 g/dL). Leafy vegetables in HBFT-AP using Japanese eel fed the EP with MKP 2.7% had a productivity similar (4 kinds of cultivar) or somewhat higher (4 kinds of cultivar) compared to those in HP. Also, Japanese eel fed the EP showed higher values of Pi (m/dL) and K (mEq/L) in plasma compared to those fed commercial powder diet.