DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on Migration of Formaldehyde and Phenol from Melamine-wares

멜라민 수지 조리기구 중 formaldehyde 및 phenol의 이행에 관한 연구

  • Oh, Jae-Myoung (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • An, Mi-Kyung (Hazardous substance analysis division, Daejeon Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Chul (Hazardous substance analysis division, Daejeon Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Shin, Dong-Woo (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety) ;
  • Park, Chang-Won (Hazardous substance analysis division, Daejeon Regional Food and Drug Administration) ;
  • Kim, Meehye (Food Additives and Packages Division, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety)
  • 오재명 (식품의약품안전처 첨가물포장과) ;
  • 안미경 (대전지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 김진철 (대전지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 신동우 (식품의약품안전처 첨가물포장과) ;
  • 박창원 (대전지방식품의약품안전청 유해물질분석과) ;
  • 김미혜 (식품의약품안전처 첨가물포장과)
  • Received : 2013.05.31
  • Accepted : 2014.02.08
  • Published : 2014.03.30

Abstract

Formaldehyde and phenol used in the production of melamine-wares may be intended to come into foodstuffs. So this study investigated the migration of formaldehyde and phenol from 222 articles Articles were cups(14), bowls(75), plates(85), spoons(10), chopsticks(4), food trays(8), rice paddles(4), spatulas(9) and scoops(12). The food stimulants were 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol, distilled water and n-heptane. Korea regulation (Standards and specifications for food utensils, containers and package) specifies migration limits for formaldehyde and phenol in food stimulants. Formaldehyde and phenol are restricted by 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L respectively. In all cases the migration of formaldehyde and phenol were below the limit set in Korea regulation. The level of formaldehyde and phenol migrated to food simulants were in the range of N.D~2.949 mg/L, N.D~0.078 mg/L respectively. These migration results of formaldehyde and phenol will provide a scientific basis for the safety management of melamine-wares.

멜라민수지 조리기구 제조에 사용되는 formaldehyde와 phenol의 경우 식품에 이행될 우려가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에서 유통되고 있는 멜라민수지 조리기구 222건에 대하여 formaldehyde와 phenol의 식품유사용매로의 이행량을 조사하였다. 멜라민수지 조리기구는 컵(14), 공기(75), 접시(85), 숟가락(10), 젓가락(4), 식판(8), 주걱(4), 뒤지게(9) 및 국자(12)등을 수거하였다. 식품유사용매로는 물, 4% 초산, 20% 에탄올, n-헵탄을 사용하였다. 한국의 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기 포장 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 용출기준은 각각 4 mg/L, 5 mg/L 이며, 수거된 222건 멜라민수지 조리기구 모두 기준 규격에 적합하였다. 멜라민수지 조리기구 중 formaldehyde와 phenol의 이행량은 각각 $N.D{\sim}2,949{\mu}g/L$, $N.D{\sim}78{\mu}g/L$이었다. 위 분석결과는 멜라민수지 기구 및 용기 포장의 안전관리의 과학적 근거자료로 제공될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans, 71, (1999).
  2. Health Canada: Formaldehyde and indoor (2005).
  3. International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC): Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans, 88, (2006).
  4. Warner, MA. and Harper, JV: Cardiac dysrhythmias associated with chemical peeling with phenol, Anesthesiology, 62(3), 366-367, (1985). https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-198503000-00030
  5. available online http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0070.htm.
  6. US Department of Health and Human Service: Toxicological profrile for phenol, (2008).
  7. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDA): Standards and Specifications for Food Utensils, Containers and Packages, Korea (2012).
  8. Ministry of Health and Welfare: Standard and specification of utencils, containers and packages, Japan (2006).
  9. European Commission: Commission Regulation No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food, EU (2011).
  10. Bradley, E. L., Bpughtflower, V., Smith, T. L. and Speck, D. R., and Castle, L.: Survey of the migration of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine food contact articles available on the UK market, Food Addit. Contam. 22(6), 597-606 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030500135243
  11. Potter, E. L., Bradley, E. L., Davies, C. R., Barnes, K. A. and Castle, L.: Migration of formaldehyde melamine-ware UK 2008 survey results, Food Addit. Contam. 27(6), 879-883 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1080/19440041003636638
  12. Hajimu, I., Takiko, I. and Akio, T.: Migration of melamine and formaldehyde from tableware made of melamine resin, Food Addit. Contam. 3(1), 63-69, (1986). https://doi.org/10.1080/02652038609373566
  13. Melek, D., hayati, F. and Izzet, T.: Preconcentration and speciation of chromium using a melamine based polymeric sequestering succinic acid resin: its application for Cr(VI) and Cr(III) determination in wastewater, Talanta 59, 1053-1060, (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00002-X