• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
• /
• 2017.10a
• /
• pp.83-83
• /
• 2017

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.125-132
• /
• 1991

We have previously reported that simulated snuff dipping in conjunction with type I herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) induced oral malignant changes in hamsters. Present study was designed to investigate the carcinogenic effect of tobacco specific-N-nitrosamines (TSNAs) and HSV-1, alone or in combination, in hamsters. Hamsters were divided into 6 groups and the right buccal pouch mucosa were treated as follows: Grp 1, Control (Mock inoculation) [MI]+Topical Application [TA] of mineral oil[MO] : Grp 2, TA of 1% n'- nitrosonornicotine [NNN] + IM: Grp3, TA of 1% 4-N-nitrosomethylamino-1- (3-pyridyl)-1-butanone [NNK] + MI: Grp 4, HSV-1 inoculation [HI]+TA of MO : Grp 5, TA of 1% N-nitrosonornicotine [NNN] + HI: Grp 6, TA of 1% NNK + HI. TA of MO or TSNAs was initiated 1 day after the MI or HI and given 3 times per week for 20 consecutive weeks. At the buccal pouches were fixed for light microscope examination. No animal s developed tumors or malignant histopathologic changes in the mucosa of the buccal pouches. These data indicate that individual TSNAs, alone or in conjunction with HSV-1 infection, do not develop malignant changes in hamster buccal pouches.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.551-559
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the determination of seven nitrosamines in chlorinated tap water by precolumn derivatization followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with fluorescence detection. The derivatization procedure was optimized for denitrosation and dansylation, and then two extraction methods, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with dichloromethane and solid phase extraction (SPE), were compared. The SPE method employing the optimized derivation procedure showed higher extraction recovery (54.4-88.7%) and reproducibility (1.9-19.4%) than the LLE method (51.4-87.7% and 4.2-33.3%, respectively). The method detection limits were between 0.5 and 4.4 ng/L. When chlorinated water samples were collected from two treatment plants and ten household taps, and analyzed for nitrosamines, Nnitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the major compound found between 26.1 and 112 ng/L.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.371-371
• /
• 2018

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.22
• /
• pp.9955-9960
• /
• 2014

Background: Promoter hypermethylation is a common event in human cancer. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a gene involved in DNA repair, which is methylated in a variety of cancers. We aimed to explore the methylation status of MGMT gene among the North Eastern population where esophageal cancer incidence and exposure to carcinogens like nitrosamines is high. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 newly diagnosed esophageal cancer cases along with equal number of age, sex and ethnicity matched controls were included in this study. Methylation specific PCR was used to determine the MGMT methylation status in serum samples. Results: Aberrant promoter methylation of the MGMT gene was detected in 70% of esophageal cancer cases. Hypermethylation of MGMT gene was found to be influenced by environmental factors like betel quid and tobacco which contain potent carcinogens like nitrosamines. Tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking habit synergistically with MGMT methylation elevated the risk for esophageal cancer development [adjusted OR=5.02, 95% CI=1.35-18.74; p=0.010 for tobacco chewing and Adjusted OR=3.00, 95% CI=1.22-7.36; p=0.014 for tobacco smoking]. Conclusions: Results suggest that the DNA hypermethylation of MGMT is an important mechanism for MGMT gene silencing resulting in esophageal cancer development and is influenced by the environmental factors. Thus MGMT hypermethylation can be used as a biomarker for esophageal cancer in high incidence region of North East India.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.175-180
• /
• 1982

The intermediate of N'-nitrosonornicotine may bind to the guanine moiety of a G-C base pair. The hydrogen bond of the base pair may be broken and a new hydrogen bond can form between the intermediate and the guanine. It results in the "short" type of DNA repair.NA repair.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.398-409
• /
• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate environmental exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) by conducting an analysis of the concentration of TSNAs in deposited dust collected from a fertilizer plant and the surrounding village, a simulation of high-temperature drying of tobacco waste, and CALPUFF modeling. Methods: The raw materials of the products, deposited dust (inside and outside the plant and residential area), soil, and wastewater were sampled and the TSNA concentrations were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. As the plant was closed down before the investigation, simulation tests were conducted to confirm the substances discharged during high-temperature (300℃) drying of tobacco waste. CALPUFF modeling was performed to identify the area of influence due to exposure to TSNAs. Results: TSNAs were detected in organic fertilizers estimated to contain tobacco waste, deposited dust, and soil collected from inside and outside the plant. N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and N'-nitrosoanatabine (NAT) components were detected in five of 15 deposited dust samples collected from the residential area around the plant, while TSNAs were not detected in the five sampling points in the control area. Also, the simulation test for the high temperature drying of tobacco waste found emissions of TSNAs. The CALPUFF modeling results showed that the survey area was likely to be included in the area of influence of TSNA emissions from the plant. Conclusions: It is estimated that harmful tobacco ingredients such as TSNAs were dispersed in nearby areas due to the illegal use of tobacco waste as a raw material to produce organic fertilizers at the plant. These findings assume that the residents have been exposed to TSNAs and suggest that the need for the establishment of measures to manage environmental health.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2023

Background: As the public interest in chemical substances found in daily life has increased, environmental health education content has been developed and related studies have been conducted. However, there is still insufficient research on methodologies for environmental health education. Objectives: This study aimed to explore risk communication strategies by focusing on N-nitrosamines in rubber balloons. Methods: In this study, two different health messages were composed: a gain-framed message emphasizing the advantages of practicing the health behavior and a loss-framed message emphasizing the negative consequences of not practicing the health behavior. The effect of the message containing risk information was evaluated by measuring the health beliefs and health behavior potential for female caregivers. As the Environmental Health Act defines a child as "a person under the age of 13," a total of 131 women with children under the age of 13 were studied. Results: The age, awareness, and interest of the participants in the gain frame group and these in the loss frame group were similar. In terms of message framing effect, the gain-framed message was more effective in terms of health belief and potential health behavior than was the loss-framed message. As a result of an independent t-test, among the six variables of health belief model the message effect was statistically significant at the level of p<0.05 in three variables: perceived severity (t=2.287, df=129, p=0.024), self-efficacy (t=2.123, df=129, p=0.036), and health behavior potential (t=2.094, df=129, p=0.038). Conclusions: This study presented a direction for effective environmental health education by studying the effects of risk communication messages based on scientific evidence. It is necessary to extend the scope of environmental health education research by expanding research into various household products.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.168-170
• /
• 2005

The myeolchi-jeot samples were divided into different groups with or without the supplementation with biogenic amines. Subsequently, the samples were placed in an oven at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr to allow the chemical reaction to proceed, and then were analyzed for N-nitrosamine contents using GC-TEA. N-nitrosamine was not detected in any of the myeolchi-jeot samples which had been treated with/without sodium nitrite. On the other hand, the yield of N-nitrosopyrrolidine from 1,000 mg/kg of putrescine and spermidine in the myeolchi-jeot samples (treated with 5 mg/kg of sodium nitrite) was 0.002 and 0.014%, respectively. N-nitrosamine was not produced from any other biogenic amines like, histamine, tyramine, cadaverine and spermine. In addition, curing and heating were the factors which influenced the formation of N-nitrosamine during the nitrosation of biogenic polyamines. For the formation of N-nitrosamine in the food systems, treatment with sodium nitrite and heating at appropriate temperature along with the satisfied supplementation of biogenic polyamines are required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.8
• /
• pp.1207-1216
• /
• 2014

Vegetables contain high levels of nitrate, which can be converted to nitrite for reaction with secondary amines to form nitrosamines. In this study, we evaluated safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine as well as anti-mutagenic activities of vegetable juices. To do this, the contents of nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamines were determined in vegetable juices. The safety effects against nitrite and nitrosamine formation were also investigated under simulated human gastric conditions. The contents of nitrate and nitrite in common and organic kale and Angelica keiskei juices were 931~2,052 mg/kg and 13~82 mg/kg, respectively. However, seven kinds of nitrosamines were not detected in the vegetables juices. The nitrate content decreased when vegetable juices were digested under simulated human gastric conditions. Nitrosamine (N-nitrosodimethylamine) formation under simulated human gastric conditions was inhibited by addition of vegetable juices. In addition, vegetable juices, especially organically cultivated juices, showed anti-mutagenic effects in a Salmonella assay system. These results suggest that organically cultivated vegetable juices are a promising health-promoting source.