• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2003

We have developed a direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis method for the diagnosis of bovine theileriosis from whole blood DNA analysis without DNA extraction. The technique empolyed a FoLT (formamide, low temp.) technique and was utilized in the diagnosis of bovine theileriosis. Formamide solubilize the blood cells, and the lowered incubation temperatures reduced protein coagulation. 100-200 nL of whole blood and PCR reagents were introduced directly into a PCR tube. After the amplification, the PCR product (816-bp DNA) was introduced into the electrophoresis system. The results of this analysis were consist with those obtained using purified DNA.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.66.2-66.2
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• 2014

We carried out photometric observations of Maria family asteroids during 134 nights spanning from July 2008 to May 2013, and derived synodic rotational periods for 51 objects including obtained periods of 34 asteroids for the first time. In this study, we found that there is a significant excess of fast and slow rotators. The one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirms that the spin rate distribution is not consistent with the Maxwellian at a 92% confidence level. From the correlations between rotational period, amplitude of lightcurve, and size, we conclude that rotational properties of Maria family have been changed considerably by the non-gravitational force such as the Yarkovsky and the YORP effect. Using the lightcurve inversion method, we successfully determined the pole orientation for the 13 Maria members, and found the excess of prograde objects versus retrograde with a ratio ($N_p/N_r$) of 3. This implies that retrograde rotators could have been ejected by the 3:1 resonance to the inner Solar System since the generation of Maria family. We estimate that approximately 37 - 75 kilometer-sized Maria asteroids have entered to near-Earth space every 100 Myr.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.426-432
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• 2007

We have developed a sensitive, one-step, homogeneous open sandwich fluoroimmunoassay (OsFIA) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and luminescent semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). In this FRET assay, estrogen receptor-$\beta$ (ER-$\beta$) antigen was incubated with QD-labeled anti-ER-$\beta$ monoclonal antibody and AF (Alexa Fluoro)-labeled anti-ER polyclonal antibody for 30 minutes, followed by FRET measurement. The dye separation distance was estimated to be between $80\sim90\;{\AA}$. The present method is rapid, simple and highly sensitive, and did not require the bound/free reagent separation steps and solid-phase carriers. A concentration as low as 0.05 nM (2.65 ng/ml) receptor was detected with linearity ($R^2$ > 0.990). In addition, the assay was performed with commercial antibodies. This assay provides a convenient alternative to conventional, laborious sandwich immunoassays.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.268-272
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• 2021

Bone marrow-derived cell (BMDC) therapy has numerous applications as potential biological cells for use in regenerative medicine. Here, we present an original case of endometrial atrophy associated with genital tuberculosis in a woman who achieved a live birth with BMDC. This 27-year-old woman came to our center with endometrial atrophy and primary infertility. She had a past history of genital tuberculosis and amenorrhea. Her husband's semen quality was normal. The patient was counseled for hysteroscopy due to thin endometrium and advised in vitro fertilization (IVF) with donor eggs in lieu of poor ovarian reserve. Several attempts of IVF with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were made, but the desired thickness of the endometrium was not achieved. Uterine artery injection of BMDC through interventional radiology was given, followed by HRT for three months, which resulted in improved endometrium. This was subsequently followed by IVF with donor egg. The treatment resulted in the conception and delivery of a 3.1-kg baby boy through lower segment caesarean section with no antenatal, intranatal or postnatal complications. Recently, there has been massive interest in stem cells as a novel treatment method for regenerative medicine, and more specifically for the regeneration of human endometrium disorders like Asherman syndrome and thin endometrium, which was the reason behind using this strategy for treatment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

BACKGROUND: Measurement of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste ($EC_e$) for assessment of soil salinity is time-consuming, and thus conversion of EC of 1:5 soil-water extract ($EC_{1:5}$) to $EC_e$ using a dilution factor may be of help to monitor salinity of huge number of soil samples. This study was conducted to evaluate the dilution factor for reclaimed tideland (RTL) soils of South Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: Soil samples (n=40) were collected from four RTLs, and analyzed for $EC_{1:5}$, $EC_e$, and cation compositions of 1:5 soil-water extract. The dilution factor (8.70) was estimated by regression analysis between $EC_{1:5}$ and $EC_e$, and the obtained dilution factor was validated by applying to an independent data set (n=96) of $EC_{1:5}$ and $EC_e$. The $EC_e$ measured and predicted was strongly correlated ($r^2=0.74$, P<0.001), but $EC_e$ was overestimated by 16% particularly for the soils with high clay content and low sodium adsorption ratio (SAR). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that using the dilution factor to convert $EC_{1:5}$ to $EC_e$ is feasible method to monitor changes in the soil salinity of the study RTL. However, overestimation of $EC_e$ should be cautioned for the soils with high clay content and low SAR.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of barium silicate filler contents on mechanical properties of resin nanoceramics (RNCs) for additive manufacturing (AM). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Additively manufactured RNC specimens were divided into 4 groups depending on the content of ceramic fillers and polymers: 0% barium silicate and 100% polymer (B0/P10, control group); 50% barium silicate and 50% polymer (B5/P5); 60% barium silicate and 40% polymer (B6/P4); 67% barium silicate and 33% polymer (B6.7/P3.3). The compressive strength (n = 15) and fracture toughness (n = 12) of the specimens were measured, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed. Independent sample Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed on the compressive strength and fracture toughness test results, and the significance of each group was analyzed at the 95% confidence interval through post-tests using the Bonferroni's method. RESULTS. B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 exhibited much higher yield strength than B0/P10 and B5/P5 (P < .05). Compared to the control group (B0/P10), the other three groups exhibited higher ultimate strength (P < .05). The fracture toughness of B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 were similar (P > .05). The content of barium silicate and fracture toughness showed a positive correlation coefficient (R = 0.582). SEM and EDS analyses revealed the presence of an oval-shaped ceramic aggregate in B6/P4 specimens, whereas the ceramic filler and polymer substrate were homogeneously mixed in B6.7/P3.3. CONCLUSION. Increasing the ceramic filler content improves the mechanical properties, but it can be accompanied by a decrease in the flowability and the homogeneity of the slurry.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.157-162
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• 2023

To NP-complete 3-SAT problem, this paper proposes a O(nm) polynomial time algorithm, where n is the number of literals and m is the total frequency of all literals in equation f. The algorithm firstly decides a truth value of a literal in sequence of previously-set priority. The priority order is as follows: a literal whose occurrence in a clause is 1(k=1), a literal which is k≥2 and whose truth value is either 0 or 1, and a literal with the minimum frequency. Then, literals whose truth value is determined are then deleted from clause T and the remaining clauses. This process is repeated l times, the number of literals. As a result, the proposed algorithm has been successful in accurately determining the satisfiability of a given equation f and in deciding the truth value of all the literals. This paper, therefore, provides not only a linear-time algorithm as a viable solution to the SAT problem, but also a basis for solving the P versus NP problem.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2022

Background and Objectives The Voice Perceived Present Control scale (VPPC) has been developed to provide better insight into patients' perceived control over their thoughts or behaviors related to voice disorders. The objective of the present study was to validate the Korean VPPC (K-VPPC) by evaluating its internal consistency and reliability. Materials and Method All items of the English VPPC were translated into Korean. Content validity was analyzed through three Delphi survey rounds by an expert panel (n=44) with active clinical and research experience in treating dysphonic patients. Twenty-three patients with a heterogeneous diagnosis of dysphonia and twenty-three gender-matched vocally normal controls (total n=46) were asked to complete the K-VPPC and the Korean Voice Handicap Index-10 (KVHI-10). Psychometric properties including internal consistency and reliability were evaluated to examine the appropriateness of cross-cultural use of K-VPPC. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-VPPC was 0.89 for dysphonic patients, indicating good internal consistency in clinical samples. Furthermore, patients with dysphonia scored significantly lower on the total score of K-VPPC and higher on voice handicap than the vocally normal controls. Spearman's correlation coefficients indicated an inverse and moderate association between the K-VPPC and all domains of KVHI-10 (Spearman's r=-0.44- -0.68). Conclusion The findings of the current study indicated that the K-VPPC is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of perceived control in Korean patients with dysphonia. Therefore, the K-VPPC could be a useful and complementary tool for the comprehensive evaluation of dysphonia, thereby improving care in Korean patients with voice disorders.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.43.1-43.1
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• 2021

In this study, we suggest a new method to estimate the mass of a halo coronal mass ejection (CME) using synthetic CMEs. For this, we generate synthetic CMEs based on two assumptions: (1) the CME structure is a full ice-cream cone, (2) the CME electron density follows a power-law distribution (ρ_cme=ρ₀r^-n). The power-law exponent n is obtained by minimizing the root mean square error between the electron number density distributions of an observed CME and the corresponding synthetic CME at a position angle of the CME leading edge. By applying this methodology to 57 halo CMEs, we estimate two kinds of synthetic CME mass. One is a synthetic CME mass which considers only the observed CME region (M_cme1), the other is a synthetic CME mass which includes both the observed CME region and the occulted area larger than 4 solar radii (M_cme2). From these two cases, we derive conversion factors which are the ratio of a synthetic CME mass to an observed CME mass. The conversion factor for M_cme1 ranges from 1.4 to 3.0 and its average is 2.0. For M_cme2, the factor ranges from 1.8 to 5.0 with the average of 3.0. These results imply that the observed halo CME mass can be underestimated by about 2 times when we consider the observed CME region, and about 3 times when we consider the region including the occulted area. Interestingly these conversion factors have a very strong negative correlation with angular widths of halo CMEs.We also compare the results with the CME mass estimated from STEREO observations.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.172-184
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• 2010

This study is to investigate the problem solving styles according to the left /right brain preference among earth science gifted students. We took the R/LCT and the test of BPI to investigate the brain preference of earth science gifted students (N=16), and took S-CPST to investigate the problem solving styles on them. In the R/LCT, the earth science gifted students were classified into 3 groups (8 left-brain preference students, 7 right-brain preference students, 1 middle-brain preference student). In the BPI, 8 students had the appearance of left-brain preference, whereas 8 students had the appearance of right-brain preference. According to the result of S-CPST, first the left brain preference students tended to resolve a problem into simple components, then they put together each simple component. They prefer to solve a problem using numbers and mathematical signs logically, but they were afraid of giving trouble to describe own idea with pictures. Whereas the right brain preference students solved a problem with 3 steps. First, they saw an overall form of problem. Second, they tried to analyze each simple component of it, and then, made up all in one. Also, the right brain preference students observed the intuitive pattern of problem first, and then suggested the various problem solving methods later, and they took a solving plan using a picture in detail. In sum, earth science gifted students are unequal in problem solving styles according to the left/right brain preference. Thus, a teaching-learning method needs to be developed based on left/right brain preference for more effective gifted education.