• 제목/요약/키워드: N-$Acetyl-_L-$Cysteine

검색결과 96건 처리시간 0.022초

Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on human chronic myeloid leukemia cells KCL22 treated with mitomycin C

  • Simonyan, Anna;Hovhannisyan, Galina;Aroutiounian, Rouben;Kim, Jin Kyu
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제37권1호
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2014
  • The effectiveness of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) to protect blood cells against Mitomycin C (MMC) induced genotoxicity was investigated in human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (KCL22) using the alkaline comet assay. The comet assay was selected as sensitive and rapid method for analysis of DNA damage and repair in individual cells. NAC treatment alone did not produce any damage in KCL22 cell. But NAC was found to be effective in reducing genotoxic damage in KCL22 cells exposed to MMC. These results confirm the literature data that, given the safety and ability to reduce DNA damage. NAC may be useful to prevent drug-mediated genotoxicity.

N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cysteine increase intracellular calcium concentration in human neutrophils

  • Hasan, Md. Ashraful;Ahn, Won-Gyun;Song, Dong-Keun
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.449-457
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    • 2016
  • N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and cysteine have been implicated in a number of human neutrophils' functional responses. However, though $Ca^{2+}$ signaling is one of the key signalings contributing to the functional responses of human neutrophils, effects of NAC and cysteine on intracellular calcium concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) in human neutrophils have not been investigated yet. Thus, this study was carried out with an objective to investigate the effects of NAC and cysteine on $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils. We observed that NAC ($1{\mu}M{\sim}1mM$) and cysteine ($10{\mu}M{\sim}1mM$) increased $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. In NAC pre-supplmented buffer, an additive effect on N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils was observed. In $Ca^{2+}$-free buffer, NAC- and cysteine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in human neutrophils completely disappeared, suggesting that NAC- and cysteine-mediated increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils occur through $Ca^{2+}$ influx. NAC- and cysteine-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase was effectively inhibited by calcium channel inhibitors SKF96365 ($10{\mu}m$) and ruthenium red ($20{\mu}m$). In $Na^+$-free HEPES, both NAC and cysteine induced a marked increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in human neutrophils, arguing against the possibility that $Na^+$-dependent intracellular uptake of NAC and cysteine is necessary for their $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increasing activity. Our results show that NAC and cysteine induce $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase through $Ca^{2+}$ influx in human neutrophils via SKF96365- and ruthenium red-dependent way.

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine의 결정 및 분자구조 (The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine)

  • 이영자;서일환
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제24권3호
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    • pp.193-200
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    • 1980
  • N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, $C_5H_9NO_3S,$의 결정 및 분자구조를 X-선 회절법으로 연구하였다. 이 화합물의 결정은 삼사비등축정계에 속하며 공간군은 $P_1$이다. 단위세포상수는 a = 7.04(3), b = 5.14(2), c = 8.25(3)${\AA}$, ${\alpha}$ = 106(2), ${\beta}$ = 51(1), ${\gamma}$ = 124(2)$^{\circ}$이고, 단위세포는 분자 한개만을 포함하고 있다. Weissenberg 사진촬영으로 얻은 회절반점의 총수는 629개이며 direct method를 적용하여 구조해명을 한 후 full matrix least-squares method로 정밀화하였으며 최종 R값은 0.12이다. C-카르복실기 및 N-아세틸기의 원자들은 각각 평면을 이루고 있다. 카르복실기의 산소원자 O(1)은 이웃분자의 아세틸기의 산소원자 O(3)와 $O-H{\cdot}{\cdot}{\cdot}O$ 수소결합을 하며 그 길이는 2.59${\AA}$이다.

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Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of S-(N,N-Diethyldithiocar-bamoyul)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine in Rats

  • Lee, Byung-Hoon;Song, Yun-Seon;Park, Jongsei;Ryu, Jae-Chun
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제17권6호
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    • pp.428-433
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    • 1994
  • The methabolism and phamacokinetics of a mixed disulfide S-(N, N-diethyldithiocarbamoyl)-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (AC-DDTC) were studied in rats. Two metabolites of AC-DDTC following iv and po administration were indentified in plasma and liver by HPLC and GC, namely N, N-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and the methyl ester of DDTC (Me-DDTC). AC-DDTC was very unstable in vivo and could not be detected neither in plasma nor in urine. Pharmacokinetic parameters of DDTC following intravenous administration of AC-DDTC (20 mg/kg) were calculated. DDTC has a low affinity to rat tissue and the body clearance was $9.0{\pm}3.4mkl/mim/kg$. The mean residence time (MRT) was $11.5{\pm}16.3 min$. After oral administration of 20 mg/kg AC-DDTC, maximal plasma concenttion ($C_{max}$) was $3.8{\pm}0.2 nmol/ml$ and the bioavailability was 7.04%. $C_{max}$ for DDTC at a dose of 120 mg/kg. AC-DDTC was $40.1{\pm}2.2 nmol/ml$. ART was $47.1{\pm}2.8min$.at a dose of 20 mg/kg and $110.5{\pm}6.0 min$ at 120 mg/kg.

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The Protective Effects of N-Acetyl-L-cysteine on Cadmium-induced Cell Apoptosis in Rat Testis

  • Kim, Ji-Sun;Soh, Jaemog
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.417-425
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    • 2019
  • Cadmium (Cd) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn cause the apoptosis of various cell types including developing germ cells in rodent testis. Ascorbic acids (AA), one of the ROS scavengers, had been reported to protect against Cd-induced apoptosis. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), another ROS scavenger, is known to remove ROS and alleviate the Cd-induced apoptosis in various cell types. In this study we tried to elucidate how NAC affected on Cd-induced cell apoptosis in rat testis. Rats were administered with NAC before and after Cd treatment and then testicular cell apoptosis was examined. NAC treatment resulted in the reduction of Cd-induced chromosomal DNA fragmentation in agarose gel electrophoresis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay showed that treatment of NAC reduced the Cd-induced apoptosis of germ cells. The administration of NAC showed that the translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to nucleus was prevented, which indicated that the mechanism of Cd-induced testicular apoptosis is mediated through the release of AIF in caspase-independent manner. Taken together, the NAC may remove Cd-induced ROS and protect ROS-induced cell apoptosis in rat testis.

$Saccharomyces$ $cerevisiae$에서 $N$-acetyl-L-cysteine 처리와 감마선 조사에 따른 Glutathione Peroxidase 유전자 발현 (Gene Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase in $Saccharomyces$ $cerevisiae$ Treated with $N$-acetyl-L-cysteine and Gamma-rays)

  • 박지영;백동원;모하마드닐리;김진규
    • 환경생물
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.258-264
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    • 2011
  • Glutathione (GSH)은 직접적으로 활성산소종을 제거하거나 GSH peroxidase와 같은 활성산소종 제거 효소의 조효소로써, 산화적 스트레스로부터 세포를 방어하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. GSH peroxidase는 두 분자의 GSH을 이용해 세포 내 과산화수소를 물로 전환한다. $N$-acetyl-L cysteine (NAC)는 항산화제 중 하나로 세포 내 GSH의 전구물질로 이용된다. 본 연구는, 0mM에서 20mM의 NAC 단독 처리 또는 100 Gy 감마선과 복합 처리한 효모세포에서 GSH peroxidase를 코드화(encoding)하는 유전자인 $GPX1$$GPX2$의 전사적 발현을 통해 GSH, NAC와 GSH peroxidase의 연관성을 알아보았다. $GPX1$$GPX2$의 전사적 발현은 NAC와 100 Gy 감마선에 의해 유도되었다. 조사된 효모세포에서 NAC의 증가 농도에 따라 GSH peroxidase 두 유전자의 발현은 감소되었다. 이러한 결과로, NAC에 의해 증가된 세포 내 GSH는 GSH peroxidase 유전자의 전사적 발현을 유도하며, NAC는 감마선으로부터 생성된 활성산소종 직접적 제거와 GSH peroxidase 유전자의 전사적 발현을 유도함으로써 세포를 보호할 수 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae에서 이온화 방사선과 N-acetyl-L-cysteine 처리에 따른 세포 생존과 Superoxide Dismutase와 Catalase 유전자 발현 (Cell Survival and Expression of Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Treated with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and Ionizing Radiation)

  • 박지영;백동원;모하마드닐리;김진규
    • 환경생물
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.61-67
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    • 2011
  • NAC는 GSH의 전구물질로, thiol기를 포함하는 항산화제 중 하나로 잘 알려져 있으며, 방사선 조사 시 발생하는 생체 내 영향을 감소시켜 생체 손상의 방호 및 회복에 도움을 주는 방사선 방어제로 이용된다. S. cerevisiae에서 항산화제 NAC를 전처리 함에 따라 이온화 방사선 조사에 따른 효모의 세포사멸 방어효과 및 superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)와 같은 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현을 분석하여 NAC의 항산화적 효과를 확인하였다. 효모는 다양한 농도의 NAC 전처리 후 다양한 선량의 이온화 방사선에 조사되었으며, 세포생존율은 세포형성단위(CFU)를 계수해 측정되었고, 항산화 효소의 유전자 발현은 real-time PCR수행 후 분석하였다. 우선적으로 효모에 NAC 처리를 위한 적정농도를 확인하였는데, 35 mM 이상의 NAC 농도에서 효모세포의 성장이 억제 되었다. NAC 전처리는 감마선 조사에 의한 세포사멸을 방어하지 않았으며, 100 Gy 방사선 조사는 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현을 유도하였다. NAC 전처리 후 항산화 효소들의 유전자 발현은NAC의 농도 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 이러한 결과로,NAC의 높은 농도(35 mM 이상)는 효모세포의 성장을 저해하며, NAC는 이온화 방사선 조사에 따른 세포사멸을 방어할 수 없으나, 생체 내에서 활성산소종을 제거 하여 세포를 보호하는 유용한 항산화제임을 알 수 있었다.

N-acetyl-L-cystein, N-acetyl-L-cystein Amide, Glutathione 및 Cysteamine 항산화제가 소 체외수정란의 발생에 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Antioxidants, N-acetyl-L-cystein, N-acetyl-L-cystein Amide, Glutathione or Cysteamine on the Development of in vitro Fertilized bovine Oocytes)

  • 김민수;김찬란;김남태;전익수;김성우
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2017
  • 소 난자의 체외 성숙 및 발달과정에서 항산화제의 첨가는 발생과정에 생성될 수 있는 ROS를 조절하여 체외발생에 도움을 주는 것으로 알려져 있으나 이에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡하다고 판단된다. 본 연구에서는 소 수정란의 성숙과정과 발생과정에서 ROS에 대한 방어 기작에 필요한 물질로 -SH기(thiol group)을 함유하고 있는 NAC, NACA, GSH 및 CYS를 첨가하여 COCs의 난자 성숙율과 체외 수정 후 수정란의 발생율을 조사하였다. 도축장 유래 난소의 성숙율은 항산화제 처리군과 대조군에서 차이를 보여주지 않았으나(p>0.05), 배반포 형성율은 0.1 mM CYS을 처리한 실험군에서 $32.3{\pm}5.0%$로 유의적으로 높게 관찰되었다(p<0.05). 항산화제 0.3 mM NAC, 0.2 mM NACA 또는 0.5 mM GSH를 처리하는 실험군에서 배반포 형성율은 각각 $18.8{\pm}3.7%$, $21.2{\pm}3.9%$$26.5{\pm}5.0%$로 조사되었다. 그러므로, 항산화 물질인 NAC, NACA, GSH 및 CYS을 난자의 성숙 및 수정란 배양과정에 첨가하면 난자의 성숙에 영향이 없으나, CYS처리군이 배반포형성율에 효과가 있음을 밝혔다(p<0.05).

Thimerosal generates superoxide anion by activating NADPH oxidase: a mechanism of thimerosal-induced calcium release

  • Kim, Eui-Kyung;Ryu, Sung-Ho;Suh, Pann-Ghill
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.229-235
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    • 2002
  • Thimerosal, a widely used preservative, has been well known to induce intracellular calcium mobilization in various cell types. However, the mechanism of its calcium mobilization is not clearly understood yet. For studying the mechanism of thimerosal-mediated calcium release, we have used HL60 cells in calcium-free Lockes solution that has no extracellular calcium. Thimerosal significantly reduced the lag period of initial calcium release whereas it enhanced the rate and magnitude of the calcium release in a dose-dependent manner. At the same time, we found that thimerosal generated superoxide anion by activating NADPH oxidase in dose- and time-dependent manner. Interestingly, the kinetics and the dosedependency of superoxide anion generation were very similar to those of intracellular calcium mobilization. In inhibitors study, the thimerosal-induced superoxide anion generation was significantly suppressed by DMSO as well as superoxide dismutase but not by genistein or EGTA. Surprisingly, the pretreatment with N-Acetyl-$_{L}$-Cysteine blocked almost completely the thimerosal-induced calcium increase, indicating that ROS playa key role in the calcium mobilization. The present results suggest that thimerosal-induced calcium mobilization is possibly mediated by the activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent ROS generation.n.

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