• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1558-1564
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• 2015

Cutaneous evaporative heat loss in Bos indicus and Bos taurus has been well documented. Nonetheless, how crossbreds with different fractional genetic proportions respond to such circumstances is of interest. A study to examine the physiological responses to cutaneous evaporative heat loss, also lactation period and milk yield, were conducted in Sahiwal (Bos indicus, n = 10, $444{\pm}64.8kg$, $9{\pm}2.9years$), Holstein Friesian (Bos taurus, HF100% (n = 10, $488{\pm}97.9kg$, $6{\pm}2.8years$)) and the following crossbreds: HF50% (n = 10, $355{\pm}40.7kg$, $2{\pm}0years$) and HF87.5% (n = 10, $489{\pm}76.8kg$, $7{\pm}1.8years$). They were allocated so as to determine the physiological responses of sweating rate (SR), respiration rate (RR), rectal temperature (RT), and skin temperature (ST) with and without hair from 06:00 h am to 15:00 h pm. And milk yield during 180 days were collected at days from 30 to 180. The ambient temperature-humidity-index (THI) increased from less than 80 in the early morning to more than 90 in the late afternoon. The interaction of THI and breed were highly affected on SR, RR, RT, and ST (p<0.01). The SR was highest in Sahiwal ($595g/m^2/h$) compared to HF100% ($227g/m^2/h$), and their crossbreds both HF50% ($335g/m^2/h$) and HF87.5% ($299g/m^2/h$). On the other hand, RR was higher in HF87.5% (54 bpm) and both HF100% (48 bpm) and HF50% (42 bpm) than Sahiwal (25 bpm) (p<0.01). The RT showed no significant differences as a result of breed (p>0.05) but did change over time. The ST with and without hair were similar, and was higher in HF100% ($37.4^{\circ}C$; $38.0^{\circ}C$) and their crossbred HF50% ($35.5^{\circ}C$; $35.5^{\circ}C$) and HF87.5% ($37.1^{\circ}C$; $37.9^{\circ}C$) than Sahiwal ($34.8^{\circ}C$; $34.8^{\circ}C$) (p<0.01). Moreover, the early lactation were higher at HF100% (25 kg) and 87.5% (25 kg) than HF50% (23 kg) which were higher than Sahiwal (18 kg) while the peak period of lactation was higher at HF100% (35 kg) than crossbreds both HF87.5% and HF50% (32 kg) which was higher than Sahiwal (26 kg) (p<0.05). In conclusion, sweating and respiration were the main vehicle for dissipating excess body heat for Sahiwal, HF and crossbreds, respectively. The THI at 76 to 80 were the critical points where the physiological responses to elevated temperature displayed change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.106-111
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• 2007

The current study was conducted to determine the optimum length of feed withdrawal for pre-harvest broilers. A total of three hundred broilers were sampled from an industrial population, and 30 chicks for each weight group (e.g., 1.5 and 2.5 kg) were randomly assigned to feed withdrawal treatments for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h. Weight loss, yield, muscle pH, objective meat color and weights of gastro intestinal contents, crop, gizzard, provenriculus, small intestine, caecum, and rectum were determined. Live weight loss was significantly (p<0.05) increased as length of feed withdrawal extended. A significant (p<0.05) carcass yield for both 1.5 and 2.5 kg groups coincided after 9 and 6 h feed withdrawal, respectively. Net weights of intestinal contents for crop and gizzard were significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 6 h, and the reduction for proventriculus and small intestine occurred from 3 h. A noticeable effect of feed withdrawal on pH for breast muscle at 3 h postmortem occurred only when chicks were fasted for 3 h of which pH (6.05) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that for other groups including the control (5.74). There was a linear tendency of higher lightness (Hunter L* value) numerically for chicks fasted for longer periods. The highest coefficient of determinations of regression models to estimate weight loss as a function of fasting period and body weights were achieved, when the models included both linear and quadratic terms for fasting period, and linear term for both 1.5 ($R^2=0.76$) and 2.5 kg ($R^2=0.78$) body weight groups. Given the practical aspect, approximately 1.5 kg of body weight is dominant, weight loss could be predicted by the following function; live weight $loss=26.6-0.28{\times}(fasting period)^2+12.34{\times}pasting\;period-0.012{\times}body\;weight$, $R^2=0.76$. Current data implied that the optimum fasting time for pre-slaughter chicks varied depending on slaughter weight; 6 and 9-h fasting were recommendable for 2.5 and 1.5 kg chicks, with little effect on objective meat color.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.989-995
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• 1996

Excessive blood loss secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) may be encountered after open heart surgery and platelet dysfunction appears to be especially responsible for this problem. To evaluate the effect of low-dose aprotinin during hypothermic CPB on platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and clinical hemostasis,.40 patients undergoing valve replacement using hypothermic CPB procedures were randomized to give either a low dose aprotinin(2$\times$ 106 KIU in the CPB priming sol- ution, n=20) or a placebo(n=20). During postoperative 24 hours, blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (225.5 $\pm$ 121.9ml, and 11.3$\pm$2.4g) than the control group(572.2$\pm$)35.5ml and 26.3$\pm$9.8g)(P<0.01). The total blood and hemoglobin loss were lower in the aprotinin group (622.0$\pm$ 186m1 and 14.7$\pm$6.8g) than the con- trol group (102.1 $\pm$483.5ml and 39.7$\pm$ 16.4g) (P<0.01). The amonut of packed red cell needed decreased in the aprotinin group: 197.7$\pm$56.3ml vers s 651.2: 147.5ml (P<0.01). Hemoglobin concentration, platelet counts and fibrinogen checked at fixed times perioperatively did not differ between the two groups. Platelet aggregation was induced by ADP, collagen, epinephrine and ristocetin before and after CPB. Maximum platelet aggregation was significantly reduced after CPB in control group (ranging from -31 % to -58% relative to prebypass values). Significant prolongation of activated clotting time(ACT) after 5 minute and 30 minute of hypothermic CPB were observed: 955.9 $\pm$35.1 and 967.5$\pm$32.7sec versus 743.8 $\pm$ 52.1 and 731.2: 54.6sec (P<0.01). There was no complication associated with aprotinin infusion. These results demonstrate that low-dose aprotinin significantly reduces blood loss and blood requirment and provides improved postoperative hemostasis which might be related to protection of platelet aggregation capacity.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.781-788
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• 2015

Mutations of MYO15A are generally known to cause severe to profound hearing loss throughout all frequencies. Here, we found two novel MYO15A mutations, c.3871C>T (p.L1291F) and c.5835T>G (p.Y1945X) in an affected individual carrying congenital profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) through targeted resequencing of 134 known deafness genes. The variant, p.L1291F and p.Y1945X, resided in the myosin motor and IQ2 domains, respectively. The p.L1291F variant was predicted to affect the structure of the actin-binding site from three-dimensional protein modeling, thereby interfering with the correct interaction between actin and myosin. From the literature analysis, mutations in the N-terminal domain were more frequently associated with residual hearing at low frequencies than mutations in the other regions of this gene. Therefore we suggest a hypothetical genotype-phenotype correlation whereby MYO15A mutations that affect domains other than the N-terminal domain, lead to profound SNHL throughout all frequencies and mutations that affect the N-terminal domain, result in residual hearing at low frequencies. This genotype-phenotype correlation suggests that preservation of residual hearing during auditory rehabilitation like cochlear implantation should be intended for those who carry mutations in the N-terminal domain and that individuals with mutations elsewhere in MYO15A require early cochlear implantation to timely initiate speech development.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1278-1284
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• 2017

Objective: To assess the potency of calcium propionate (CAP) used as silage additive, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of CAP on the nitrogen transformation, fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silages. Methods: Alfalfa was ensiled with four levels of CAP (5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of fresh weight [FW]) in laboratory silos for 30 days. After opening, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and microbiological characteristics, and subjected to an aerobic stability test. Results: The increasing proportion of CAP did not affect pH, lactic acid (LA) concentrations and yeast counts, while linearly decreased counts of enterobacteria (p = 0.029), molds (p<0.001) and clostridia (p<0.001), and concentrations of acetic acid (p<0.001), propionic acid (p<0.001), butyric acid (p<0.001), and ethanol (p = 0.007), and quadratically (p = 0.001) increased lactic acid bacteria counts. With increasing the proportion of CAP, the dry matter (DM) loss (p<0.001), free amino acid N (p<0.001), ammonia N (p = 0.004), and non-protein N (p<0.001) contents were linearly reduced, whereas DM (p = 0.048), water soluble carbohydrate (p<0.001) and peptide N (p<0.001) contents were linearly increased. The highest Flieg's point was found in CAP10 (75.9), represented the best fermentation quality. All silages treated with CAP improved aerobic stability as indicated by increased stable hours compared with control. Conclusion: The addition of CAP can suppress the undesirable microorganisms during ensiling and exposure to air, thereby improving the fermentation quality and aerobic stability as well as retarding the proteolysis of alfalfa silage. It is suggested that CAP used as an additive is recommended at a level of 10 g/kg FW.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2001

Decomposition of Zizania latifolia was investigated with litterbag method for 13 months from November in 1998 to December in 1999, at the fringe of stream at Boryeong, Chungnam Province in Korea. After 13 months, remaining mass of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 16.9, 14.7, and 10.1%, respectively. Mass loss of the rhizomes was higher than those of the leaves and culms. The decay rate of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 1.86, 2.00 and 2.36 per year, respectively. Initial concentration of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg of leaves, culms and rhizomes was 18.0, 14.5, 44.0 mg/g for N,0.18, 0.12, 0.67 mg/g for P, 14.1 ,14.2, 14.8 mg/g for K,3.6, 1.5, 0.3 mg/g for Ca, 1.1, 0.5, 0.5 mg/g for Mg, respectively. Concentrations of N and P in rhizomes were higher than those in leaves and culms. Except for Mg in rhizomes, there was no immobilization period during the decomposition. Most of the N, P and Mg were lost during the first 3 months. In case of K and Ca, most were lost within 1 month.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.862-874
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• 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of Andrographis paniculata (A. paniculata) supplementation in sow diets before and after farrowing on the sow and piglets' performances during early postpartum period and on sows' backfat and longissimus muscle losses during lactation. Methods: Seventy Landrace×Yorkshire sows and their offspring (1,186 piglets) were distributed into three groups: control (n = 31), treatment-250 (n = 18), and treatment-1000 (n = 21). From 110.2±0.7 days of gestation until farrowing (5.8 days) and throughout the lactation period (25.2 days), sows in the control group were given the conventional lactation diet, while sows in the treatment-250 and treatment-1000 groups received supplements of 250 ppm and 1,000 ppm of A. paniculata, respectively. Results: In sows with parity 3-5, piglets from the treatment-1000 group had higher colostrum intake than the control and treatment-250 groups (p<0.05), but not in sows with parity 6-9. Colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) increased in treated sows versus controls for parity 6-9 (p<0.05), but was consistent for parity 3-5. Piglet performance until day 3 postnatal was similar across groups (p>0.05). Treatment-250 sows had higher feed intake post-farrowing than treatment-1000 sows (p<0.05). Longissimus loss was less in both treatment groups than control (p<0.05), but backfat loss was similar across groups (p>0.05). Post-partum complications were consistent across groups (p>0.05). Farrowing duration and piglet birth intervals in sows with parity 6-9 were prolonged in the treatment-1000 group. Conclusion: Supplementing with 1,000 ppm A. paniculata for 5.8 days pre-farrowing and 25.2 days post-farrowing enhanced sow colostrum IgG and piglet colostrum intake, while also reducing longissimus loss in sows. However, for sows of parity 6-9, this supplementation led to prolonged farrowing, increased intervals between piglet births, increased stillbirth, and reduced piglet birth weight. These effects should be considered when using A. paniculata supplementation.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.134-138
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• 2015

Background: Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major preventable occupational health problem with 250 million people worldwide known to have disabling impairment of moderate to greater severity. The aims of the study are to estimate the prevalence of NIHL in the police force; and study its association with age, sex, duration of service (years), smoking and alcohol habits, use of hearing protective devices, as well as preexisting chronic diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 543 police personnel who had undergone periodic medical examination over a 12-month period. The diagnostic criteria for NIHL were (1) history of occupational noise exposure, (2) bilateral hearing loss, (3) hearing loss of ${\geq}25dBA$ at 4,000 Hz in two consecutive audiograms, and (4) no significant medical history affecting hearing. Severity of NIHL was based on the World Health Organization grading. Results: Males (74.8%) made up the majority of the police force. The mean age for police personnel was $35.55{\pm}9.57years$, and the mean duration of service was $14.75{\pm}9.39years$. Compliance with the usage of hearing protective devices was seen in 64.4%. The prevalence of NIHL in this study population was 34.2%, with a higher prevalence in males (37.7%) than in females (23.9%). The study also showed strong associations between NIHL and male sex (odds ratio, 1.9; P < 0.05), and hypertension (odds ratio, 3.3; P < 0.001). Overall, 93% were found to have mild NIHL, 3.5% had moderate NIHL, and 3.5% had severe NIHL. No police personnel were found to have profound hearing loss. Conclusion: The prevalence of NIHL in this study is high compared to other similar studies among police personnel. This study shows that increasing age, male, presence of hypertension, diabetes, and longer duration of service are significant associated factors for NIHL. Preventative strategies include health surveillance, implementation of a hearing conservation program, and legislation.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.35-43
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• 2022

It was to test the efficiency of essence containing scalp derived Leuconostoc mesenteroides extract on relieving hair loss and the possibility of the usage as the functional cosmetic's material. 41 subjects were classified as the control and test group and for 24 weeks, from Apr. 15th 2021 to Nov. 4th 2021, they were double blindness, contrast samples, single organs, and randomized human applicating tests were performed. The amount of hair had meaningful change (p<0.001) seen through phototricogram in 8,16,24 weeks each, and could tell the difference by researcher's bare eye after 24 weeks. Since there were meaningful changes (p<0.017) in subjective evaluation of the subject on after 8,16,24 weeks time, Essence which contains 1% of L. mesenteroides has efficiency on hair loss. Therefore, L. mesenteroides is expected to be used as various cosmetics to prevent hair loss.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.321-327
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• 2005

Ammonia ($NH_3$) volatilization was measured from latex coated urea (LCU) and normal urea treated rice paddy under transplanting rice culture in Milyang in 2002 and 2003. The $NH_3$ volatilization from incubation experiment was significantly related with ammonium-N ($NH_4-N$) concentration and pH in the surface water. The correlation coefficients of $NH_3$ volatilization compared to the $NH_4-N$ and pH in surface water were significantly higher in urea than LCU. The $NH_3$ volatilization from both urea and LCU treatments was not increased in surface water of pH less than 8.0, while $NH_3$ volatilization increased significantly in the surface water of pH over 8.0. The results in the field experiment indicated that $NH_3$ volatilization after top-dressing of urea increased rapidly with increasing $NH_4-N$ concentration in soil and floodwater, and highest from 7 to 10 days after top-dressing. The amount of $NH_3$ volatilized from urea treatment was in the range of $4.9-8.4kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$. The variations of $NH_3$ volatilization in 2002 and 2003 were caused by changed N dynamics due to the different weather conditions such as rainfall and temperature. The amount of $NH_3$ volatilized from LCU treatment was significantly reduced compared to that of urea. The reason for the reduced $NH_3$ volatilization in LCU treatment would be due to the lower concentration of $NH_4-N$ in floodwater. The amount of $NH_3$ volatilized from LCU treated rice paddy was in the range of $1.2-1.8kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, and the loss of N by ammonia volatilization was 2.0-2.3%. Loss of N by $NH_3$ volatilization with LCU treatment was reduced by 75-79% comparing to urea treatment.