• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1248-1255
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• 2009

This study was carried out to evaluate the fatty acid composition in Nellore cows supplemented with either linseed (n-3) or canola grains (n-6 and n-9). Fifteen Nellore cows, aged five years and bodyweight 550 kg${\pm}$48 kg, were randomly distributed to the following treatments: CON (control), LIN (linseed) and CAN (canola grains). The cows were fed for 80 days. The concentrations of C18:0, C18:2 n-6 and C20:3 n-6 fatty acid were higher (p<0.10) in CON blood plasma in comparison to follicular liquid. Likewise, PUFA, n-6 contents, PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. On the other hand, C18:1 n-9, C22:5 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C18:0, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C22:5 n-3, PUFA, n-6, n-3 contents and PUFA:SFA ratio were higher (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma than in the follicular liquid. Nevertheless, C14:0, C16:0, C16:1 n-7, PUFA, C16:0, C18:1 n-9 and MUFA contents were lower (p<0.10) in LIN blood plasma. On treatment CAN, the C18:0 and SFA contents, and n-6:n-3 ratios were higher (p<0.10) in blood plasma. However, C20:3 n-6, C22:5 n-3, PUFA and n-3 contents were lower (p<0.10) in blood plasma. C16:0, C18:0, PUFA, SFA contents and PUFA:SFA ratio did not differ (p>0.10) among the treatments. C14:0, C16:1 n-7, C18:2 n-6 and n-6 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CON and CAN than LIN. C17:1 n-7, C20:4 n-6 and C 22:0 contents were higher (p<0.10) for CAN than CON and LIN. C18:1 n-9, C18:3 n-3, MUFA and n-3 contents were higher (p<0.10) for LIN and CAN than CON. C20:3 n-6 content and n-6:n-3 ratio were higher (p<0.10) for CON than LIN and CAN. C22:5 n-3 content were higher (p<0.10) for CON and LIN than CAN. The concentrations of fatty acids in blood plasma and follicular liquid were not correlated for any fatty acid, independent of the treatment studied. Canola grain added to the diet of Nellore cows resulted in increased concentrations of fatty acids n-6 and n-3 in follicular liquid.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.157-163
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• 1997

Based on a n-regular polygon $P_n$, we show that $r_n = 1/(2 \sum^{[(n-4)/4]+1}_{j=0}{cos 2j\pi/n)}$ is the ratio of contractions $f_i(1 \leq i \leq n)$ at each vertex of $P_n$ yielding a symmetric gasket $G_n$ associated with the just-touching I.F.S. $g_n = {f_i $\mid$ 1 \leq i \leq n}$. Moreover we see that for any odd n, the ratio $r_n$ is still valid for just-touching I.F.S $H_n = {f_i \circ R $\mid$ 1 \leq i \leq n}$ yielding another symmetric gasket $H_n$ where R is the $\pi/n$-rotation with respect to the center of $P_n$.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.106-114
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• 2002

In this study, the results of a series of consolidation test for undisturbed Ariake clay in Japan were analyzed by three methods, e-log p (e: void ratio, p: consolidation pressure), log e-log p and n-log p (n: porosity). Moreover, the characteristics of each analysis method were studied. For undisturbed Ariake clay, the log o-Log p and the n-log p relationships can be found as two groups of straight lines of different gradients, but both the elastic consolidation and plastic consolidation regions of e-log p relationship are expressed as a curve. In this paper, the porosity of consolidation yield n$\_$y/, consolidation yield stress p$\_$y/, and the gradient of the plastic consolidation region C$\_$p/ were represented by the log e-log p method, and n$\_$c/, P$\_$cn/ and C$\_$cn/ were represented by the n-log p method. The meaning and the relationships of each value were studied, and the interrelationships among compression indices i.e. C$\_$cn/, C$\_$p/ and C$\_$c/ are obtained from each analysis method as a function of initial porosity n$\_$0/.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.207-210
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• 2000

P. oleovorans의 유가식 배양에서 탄소원으로 octanoic acid, 질소원으로 $NH_4NO_3$를 이용한 혼합기질을 배양액의 pH 변화에 따라 공급하는 pH-stat 기질공급전략을 개발하였다. 공급기질의 탄소원/질소원 비 (C/N 비)를 변화시킴으로써 최종 균체농도, PHA 농도, PHA 함량 등을 변화시킬 수 있었으며, 최대 균체농도는 C/N 비가 10 (g octanoic acid/g $NH_4NO_3$)일 때 65 g/L, 최대 PHA 농도는 C/N 비가 20일 때 41 g/L, 최대 PHA 함량은 C/N 비가 20일 때 75%였으며 최대 PHA 생산성은 C/N 비가 10일 때 1.03 g/L/h였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1728-1734
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• 2005

The interactions of Cu(II)-meso-Tetrakis(n-N-methylpyridiniumyl)porphyrin (n = 2,3,4), respectively referred to as o-, m- and p-CuTMPyP, and DNA, poly$[d(A-T)_2]$ and poly$[d(G-C)_2]$ were investigated by circular and linear dichroism (CD and LD). In the o-CuTMPyP case, in which the rotation of the pyridinium ring is prevented, the shape of the CD spectrum when associated to DNA and poly$[d(A-T)_2]$ resembles and is characterized by a positive band at a low drug to DNA concentration ratio (R ratio) and is bisignate at a high R ratio. The former CD spectrum shape has been attributed to porphyrin that is bound monomerically outside of DNA while the latter can be attributed to those that are stacked. When o-CuTMPyP is bound to poly$[d(G-C)_2]$, the excitonic CD appeared at a relatively high R ratio. In contrast, a characteristic negative CD band in the Soret region was apparent for both m- and p-CuTMPyP when bound to DNA and poly$[d(G-C)_2]$ at the low R ratios, indicating that the porphyrin molecule intercalates. However, the DNA is bent near the intercalation site and the plane of the porphyrin molecule tilts relative to the DNA helix axis, as judged by the magnitude of the reduced LD. Various stacking patterns were identified by the shape of the CD spectrum for m- and p-CuTMPyP when bound to poly$[d(A-T)_2]$. Three species for the former complex and two for the latter complex were found which may reflect the extent of the stacking.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.552-558
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• 2012

A $2{\times}2$ factorial experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary calcium and non-phytate phosphorus (nPP) imbalance on calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA levels in the small intestine and tibia parameters of broiler chicks. One hundred and forty four 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broiler chicks were divided into four treatments consisted of six replicates with six chicks each. The two dietary calcium levels were 1.10% and 0.60%, and two dietary nPP levels were 0.50% and 0.27%. Results showed that a high Ca/nPP ratio diet (4.07:1) significantly depressed feed intake and weight gain of broilers (p<0.05), but a lower Ca:nPP ratio (1.2:1) had no influence (p>0.05). Low-Ca with low-P diet resulted in low tibia minerals and tibia breaking strength of broilers, and all the tibia parameters were further decreased when the dietary ratio of Ca to P was relative higher. Low dietary Ca or P up-regulated the calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA expression levels. Low Ca with normal P diet up-regulated duodenal calbindin mRNA expression level to the greatest extent. Low P with a normal Ca diet significantly enhanced NaPi-IIb mRNA expression level to the highest extent. These results suggest that the calbindin and NaPi-IIb mRNA expression were enhanced by the imbalance between dietary Ca and nPP, and their expression were not only influenced by Ca or nPP level, but also the ratio of Ca:nPP.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2004

In this study we investigated the spectral properties, including electric absorption, circular and linear dichroism (CD and LD), and fluorescence emission, of DNA in a DNA-branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) polyplex at various polymer molecular weights (M$\_$w/) and BPEI-amine-to-DNA-phosphate ratios (N/P ratios). All BPEIs exhibited a common N/P dependence in their absorption and CD spectra. At N/P ratios ＜ 1.0, we observed some hyperchromism in the absorption spectrum, red-shifts in CD bands, and decreases in LD intensity and fluorescence intensity of intercalated ethidium. At intermediate N/P ratios, complete collapse of all spectra occurred. As the N/P ratio increased further, the polyplex dissolved in water. From its characteristic CD spectrum obtained under these conditions, we conclude that the DNA exists in a B-like form. The fluorescence and LD intensities never recovered even at high N/P ratios- which indicates that the dissolved polyplex possesses positive charges and the DNA in the polyplex is condensed despite its B-form CD spectrum. The N/P range in which the absorption and CD signals collapsed was wider when the BPEIs M$\_$w/ decreased. In the case where the BPEIs M$\_$w/ was 0.8 k, recovery of the absorption and CD spectral properties at a high N/P ratio was never achieved, which suggests that the molecular weight of the polymer plays an important role in its dissolution at a high N/P ratio.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2002

본 연구의 시료는 현재 서울특별시와 수도권 도시들에서 상수원수로 이용하고 있는 한강수를 대상으로 수행되었다. 배ㆍ급수계통의 2차 소독을 위한 클로라민소독의 특성에 관하여 고찰하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) $25^{\circ}C$, Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비 1:1 ~ 14:1에서 PH6, 7, 8의 불연속점은 각각 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비 11:1, 9:1, 10:1이었다. pH6의 경우, Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 9:1일 때 총 잔류염소량이 최대인 반면, pH 7, 8의 경우 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 각각 6:1, 5:1 일 때 최대가 되었다. 2) pH가 6, 7, 8로 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민이 최대로 생성되는 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비는 7:1에서 5:1로 이동하였으며, pH6 ~ 8 범위에서 pH가 증가함에 따라 모노클로라민의 생성량이 많았다. 3) 클로라민의 분해는 Cl$_2$ / NH$_3$-N비가 증가하고 pH가 낮을수록 증가하였다. 클로라민의 잔류성은 유리염소보다 월등히 좋았다. pH6에서 모노클로라민과 디클로라민이 생성된 이후, 접촉시간이 경과함에 따라 디클로라민의 분포비가 증가하였다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

The growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus of Chlorella vulgaris were evaluated in artificial wastewater with different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations as element growing components for microalgae growth. The nitrogen concentration was varied in 9, 15, 30 and 60 mg-N/L with fixed phosphorus concentration of 3 mg-P/L. The growth and phosphorus removal capacity of C. vulgaris were high at initial nitrogen concentration of 15 and 30 mg-N/L, and the corresponding N/P ratios calculated were 5 and 10. In the case of varying in 1.5, 3, 6 and 10 mg-P/L of phosphorus concentration with fixed nitrogen concentration of 30 mg-N/L, the growth and removal capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus were excellent with phosphorus concentration of 3 and 6 mg-P/L. The corresponding N/P ratios were shown as 10 and 5. Therefore, the appropriate N/P ratio was concluded between 5 and 10 for wastewater treatment using C. vulgaris.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.113-120
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• 2001

The production of microcystins from Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated in a P-limited continuous culture and a batch culture. The microcystin content of M aeruginosa was higher at a lower $\mu$, whereas the microcystin (MC)-producing rate was linearly proportional to $\mu$. The ratios of the MC-producing rate to the C-fixation rate were higher at a lower $\mu$. Consequently, increases in the microcystin content per dry weight along with the production of the more toxic form, MC-LR, were both observed under more P-limited conditions. The microcystin content of M. aeruginosa exhibited a high correlation with the total N content regardless of N-fixed or P-fixed culture. The microcystin concentration was investigated from spring to autumn in 1999 in the Daechung Reservoir, Korea. The dominant species in the algal blooming season was Microcystis. When the microcystin concentration exceeded about 100 ng $1^{-1}$ the ratio of particulate to dissolved total nitrogen (TN) or total phosphorus (TP) interestingly converged at a value of 0.6. The microcystin concentration was lower than 50 ng $1^{-1}$ at a particulate N:P ratio below 8, whereas the microcystin concentration varied quite substantially from 50 ng $1^{-1}$ to 250 ng $1^{-1}$ at a particulate N:P ratio> 8.