• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.323-331
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• 2011

Background: Myocardial revascularization in patients with renal insufficiency is challenging to the cardiac surgeon, irrespective of utilizing extracorporeal circulation. This study aimed to compare the number of bypass grafts and the mid-term results and to evaluate independent survival predictors in patients with renal insufficiency undergoing on-pump or off-pump myocardial revascularization. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 103 patients with renal insufficiency, who had isolated myocardial revascularization between January 1999 and January 2009. The patients were divided into two groups, the on-pump group and the off-pump group. Results: The off-pump group received a significantly greater number of distal arterial grafts than the on-pump group. However, the mean number of total grafts, the degree of complete revascularization, and survival rate of the patients were not significantly different between the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed the independent predictors for reduced mid-term survival were the number of total grafts and postoperative periodic renal replacement therapy. Off-pump myocardial revascularization does not decrease the number of bypass grafts or influence on the mid-term results for patients with renal insufficiency, compared to on-pump myocardial revascularization. Conclusion: Myocardial revascularization with a large number of total grafts has a beneficial effect on survival in patients with renal insufficiency, irrespective of utilizing extracorporeal bypass.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2005

The potential for recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial revascularization represents a practical clinical definition for myocardial viability. The evaluation of viable myocardium in patients with severe global left ventricular dysfunction due to coronary artery disease and with regional dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction is an important issue whether left ventricular dysfunction may be reversible or irreversible after therapy. If the dysfunction is due to stunning or hibernation, functional improvement is observed. but stunned myocardium may recover of dysfunction with no revascularization. Hibernation is chronic process due to chronic reduction in the resting myocardial blood flow. There are two types of myocardial hibernation: "functional hibernation" with preserved contractile reserve and "structural hibernation" without contractile reserve in segments with preserved glucose metabolism. This review focus on the application of F-18 FDG and other radionuclides to evaluate myocardial viability. In addition the factors influencing predictive value of FDG imaging for evaluating viability and the different criteria for viability are also reviewed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.164-168
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• 1988

Between November, 1984, and May, 1986, 93 patients underwent combined valvular and coronary artery operation. They were 70 male and 23 female, the age ranging from 29 to 82. From this population 89 patients underwent single valve replacement and 4 patients underwent double valve replacement. Patients with mitral valve disease were in the majority present in the age group between 50 till 70, where as in the group after 60 years, patients with aortic valve disease were dominant. The main indication for aortic valve replacement was aortic stenosis and the indication for mitral valve replacement was equal between mitral stenosis and mitral incompetence, the later was due to papillary dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Dyspnea was a very frequent symptom and it was found in nearly all patients. 28 patients had a previous myocardial infarction and severe left ventricular dysfunction. The grafts were placed prior to valve replacement and periods of myocardial ischemia were kept at a minimum by maintaining coronary perfusion throughout the operation. It is our opinion that simultaneous valve replacement and myocardial revascularization does not increase the risk of cardiac valve replacement substantially.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2011

We report on two women who underwent myocardial revascularization associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with different pathogenic patterns. The first woman presented with acute myocardial infarction, and preoperative angiograms demonstrated rapidly progressing coronary lesions, presumptive unstable plaque, and dissection. Operative findings, however, showed fresh thrombi in the coronary arteries, and she was diagnosed postoperatively as having APS. Her one-year angiogram demonstrated improved coronary lesions and a competitive flow pattern in the grafts. The second woman presented with unstable angina and had been treated for systemic lupus erythematosus and secondary APS for more than 14 years. She underwent myocardial revascularization due to accelerated coronary atherosclerosis. Her one-year angiogram demonstrated patent grafts.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.989-999
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: We aimed to compare outcomes of complete revascularization (CR) versus culprit-only revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD) in the $2^{nd}$ generation drug-eluting stent (DES) era. Methods: From 2009 to 2014, patients with STEMI and MVD, who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using a $2^{nd}$ generation DES for culprit lesions were enrolled. CR was defined as PCI for a non-infarct-related artery during the index admission. Major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) was defined as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, or heart failure during the follow-up year. Results: In total, 705 MVD patients were suitable for the analysis, of whom 286 (41%) underwent culprit-only PCI and 419 (59%) underwent CR during the index admission. The incidence of MACE was 11.5% in the CR group versus 18.5% in the culprit-only group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.37-0.86; p<0.01; adjusted HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.40-0.99; p=0.04). The CR group revealed a significantly lower incidence of CV death (7.2% vs. 12.9%; HR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.31-0.86; p=0.01 and adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI; 0.32-0.97; p=0.03, respectively). Conclusions: CR was associated with better outcomes including reductions in MACE and CV death at 1 year of follow-up compared with culprit-only PCI in the $2^{nd}$ generation DES era.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2000

목적: 심근의 생존능을 평가하기 위해 보편적으로 재관류술 전에 시행하는 심근관류 SPECT에 의한 관류지수를 평가함으로써 좌심실의 재구도 즉 좌심실 확장을 미리 예측할 수 있는 지와 또한 재관류술이 재구도를 예방하는데 도움이 되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 급성심근경색이 진단되어 혈전용해제 치료를 받은 7명과 치료하지 않은 9명으로 입원 후 $2{\sim}9$일 이내에 심근관류 영상을 시행한 16명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 심근관류영상은 관동맥확장술과 관동맥우회로술과 같은 재관류술 시행 전에 시행하였다. 모든 환자는 심근경색 1주내에 초기 심초음파를 경색후 평균 $6.7{\pm}4.7$개월에 추적 심초음파를 시행하였다. 좌심실의 용적은 Simpson 방법을 이용하여 심첨부 4방에서 확장기 말과 수축기 말에 좌심실용적을 구하였다. 좌심실 벽운동은 심근관류 SPECT와 같이 16분절로 나누었으며 운동이상의 정도를 4단계로 나누어 평가하였다. 각 환자의 관류와 벽운동 장애의 점수의 총합을 16분절로 나누어 관류와 벽운동지수를 구하였다. 경색초기의 좌심실용적과 비교하여 추적 검사시에 좌심실의 용적이 10% 이상 증가한 군(A군, n=8)과 용적이 감소하거나 10% 미만 증가된군(B군, n=8)의 두 군으로 인위적으로 나누었다. 두 군간에 경색초기의 좌심실의 벽운동지수, Q파 여부, 재관류술여부, CKMB 수치, 관류지수, 초기 좌심실용적 및 좌심실 구혈률 등을 비교하였다. 좌심실 용적의 확장 유무 및 좌심실 용적의 변화량과 부하기-휴식기 관류지수, 벽운동지수, 초기 좌심실용적, Q파 여부, 재관류술 여부, CKMB 수치 그리고 좌심실 구혈률 등의 관계를 다변량로짓 분석을 시행하여 분석하였다. 또한 좌심실 확장정도와 여러 변수와의 관계를 다변량선형 분석을 통해 분석하였다. 결과: 좌심실 용적의 증가와 벽운동지수, 관류지수, CKMB수치, 재관류술여부, Q파 유무, 좌심실 구혈률과의 관계를 좌심실의 용적이 증가된군(A군)과 증가되지 않은 군(B군)으로 나누어 평가하였다. 좌심실 용적의 증가여부에 따른 차이를 보았을 때 휴식시의 관류지수는 용적이 증가한 군에서 유의한 차이로 의미 있는 감소를 보였다. 그러나 이외 인자들은 양군간에 차이가 없었다. 좌심실 용적의 증가와 재관류술 여부와의 관계: 좌심실 확장을 보인 8명의 환자 중 3명은 재관류술을 시행하지 않았으며 이 들 3명 모두에서 좌심실 용적의 확장을 보였다. 또한 재관류술을 시행한 13명의 환자 중 5명(38%)은 좌심실 용적의 확장을 보였다. 좌심실 용적의 증가와 경색위치와의 관계: 전벽 경색 10명 중 4명, 하벽 경색 5명 중 3명, 그리고 측벽 경색을 보인 1명에서 용적 확장소견을 보였다. 좌심실 용적의 확장유무 및 확장정도와 부하 및 휴식기 관류지수, 초기 좌심실 용적, CKMB수치, Q파 유무, 벽운동지수, 심실 구혈률, 재관류술 여부에 따른 다변량분석: 용적 증가량을 비독립변수로 하여 다중회귀선형분석에서 경색초기에 평가한 휴식시의 관류지수만이 좌심실용적 변화량에 대해 유의한 예측인자로 나타났다. 그러나 이외의 모든 인자들은 유의한 예측인자로 작용하지 못하였다. 또한 좌심실 용적의 증가량을 10% 이상 증가 여부를 비독립 변수로 한 다중회귀로짓분석에서는 휴식시의 관류지수와 재관류술 여부가 유의한 예측인자로 나타났다. 결론: 급성 심근경색 초기에 실시한 심근관류 SPECT 검사상 좌심실 확장군과 비확장군은 유의한 휴식기 관류지수의 차이를 보였고 또한 다변량분석에서 휴식기의 관류지수는 좌심실 확장을 예측할 수 있는 유일한 지표였다. 또한 작은 수의 증례이지만 경색관련 동맥의 재관류술은 좌심실 확장을 감소시킬 수 있는 하나의 방법으로 보인다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.881-889
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• 1991

The ideal goal of the coronary artery bypass surgery is complete revascularization. To estimate the numerical degree of completeness of revascularization, the following formula was used in 50 patients having aorta-coronary bypass grafting for the treatment of unstable angina. myocardial perfusion score of revascularized area Degree of Completeness = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- x100[%] preoperative myocardial perfusion score Randomized patients who underwent revascularization procedures in 19Hb were compared with the patients who received similar elective operation each year from 1988 through 1991. To obtain these data, the patients aged 38 ~ 75[mean 54$\pm$9.1years], composed of 31 males and 19 females were randomly sampled. The number of grafts per patient increased from 2.30 in 1986, to 3.07 in 1988 - 89, to 3.21 in 1990, and to 3.50 in 1991. [0.05 The degree of completeness improved from 75.4% to 81.4%, 91.6% and 88.6% respectively. It improved significantly in the last two years, [P<0.05, Mann-Whitney U test] At a follow-up of three months, 90 percent[45/50] of patients remained angina, free, 6 percent[3/50] had residual angina, and 4 percent[2/50] died. The last two patients degree of completeness corresponded to 43% and 30% respectively As a conclusion, the degree of completeness seems to improve year by year, and to have close relationship with the clinical results.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.606-617
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• 1986

During the period from November 1981 through June 1986, 18 cases of coronary arterial bypass graft were performed at Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital. They consisted of 13 males and 5 females with the mean age of 49 [range: 28-69 years]. History of myocardial infarction was noted in 50% of the patients and cardiomegaly on chest PA in 2 patients with preserved LV function. On resting EKG, except the evidences of old myocardial infarction, the findings of LVH were noted in 7 cases, acute myocardial infarction in 2, diffuse myocardial ischemia in 1, and significant ventricular arrhythmia in 2 cases. The angina by type of presentation is stable in 3 patients, unstable in 15 patients with resting, postinfarction and progressive angina as the criteria of unstability. The patterns of involvement of significant disease were single vessel involvement [5 cases] double vessel involvement [8 cases], and triple vessel involvement [5 cases] including 5 cases of left main coronary arterial diseases. The pattern of coronary arterial disease in individual patient was one or more stenosis of the proximal left coronary arterial system with or without right coronary involvement, in every case. We performed 9 cases of double bypass and 9 cases of triple bypass with great saphenous vein using single anastomosis technique except in 4 cases, One of the 4 cases is our first case, sequential anastomosis between LAD and diagonal was performed due to shortage of the prepared vein graft. In the other 3 cases, our latest experience, we adopted the left internal mammary artery for the left anterior descending coronary revascularization. The distribution of sites of distal anastomosis revealed more striking predilection to LAD, showing our attention on the significance of the revascularization of LAD system. The ischemic time was 35 minutes per graft and mean number of grafts per patient was 2.5. Of the 18 patients, 13 [77.2%] had complete revascularization, and incomplete in 5 cases with the causes of incompleteness as presented. The early results of operation were as followed: surgical death in 2 [11%], perioperative infarction 2 [11%], need of inotropic support 5 [28%], arrhythmia 2 [11%], wound problem, bleeding, and emotional dysfunction. The actuarial anginal free survival during the period of 6 months through 2 years was 85.2% with excellent symptomatic control according to the angina classification of Canadian Cardiovascular Society.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.83-93
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the value of the myocardial extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in predicting myocardial functional outcome after revascularization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with CTO underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) before and 6 months after revascularization. Three baseline markers of functional outcome were evaluated in the dysfunctional segments assigned to the CTO vessels: ECV, transmural extent of infarction (TEI), and unenhanced rim thickness (RIM). At the global level, the ECV values of the whole myocardium with and without a hyperenhanced region (global and remote ECV) were respectively measured. Results: In per-segment analysis, ECV was superior to TEI and RIM in predicting functional recovery (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.86 vs. 0.75 and 0.73, all p values < 0.010), and it emerged as the only independent predictor of regional functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77-0.89; p < 0.001) independent of collateral circulation. In per-patient analysis, global baseline ECV was indicative of ejection fraction (EF) at the follow-up examination (β = -0.61, p < 0.001) and changes in EF (β = -0.57, p = 0.001) in multivariate regression analysis. A patient with global baseline ECV less than 30.0% (AUC, 0.93; sensitivity 94%, specificity 80%) was more likely to demonstrate significant EF improvement (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.85; p = 0.019). Conclusion: Extracellular volume fraction obtained by CMR may provide incremental value for the prediction of functional recovery both at the segmental and global levels in CTO patients, and may facilitate the identification of patients who can benefit from revascularization.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.271-274
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• 2006

Unstable angina is a critical phase of coronary heart disease, with widely variable symptoms and prognoses. Recently, despite the advances in surgical revascularization, catheter-based revascularization and medical treatment, an increasing number of patients with angina pectoris are refractory to medical therapy and; therefore, can not be considered as candidates for coronary artery bypass grafting or interventional angioplasty. These patients are often treated with narcotics for pain relief, and forced to severely reduce their levels of activity and productivity. It has become clear that alleviating the pain caused by myocardial ischemia may be possible by altering the sympathetic afferent nerve fibers. Sympathetic blockade can be produced using high thoracic epidural analgesia. Herein, the case of a patient with intractable angina and poor ventricular function, who received high thoracic epidural analgesia to relieve ischemic chest pain, is reported.