• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.95-108
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• 1992

Sixty five soil specimens were collected from the nineteen leguminous plant roots throughout 9 sites in four Provinces from Augast 12 to November 21, 1991. VA-mycorrhizal spores isolated from the collected soils were identified and classified into four genera 21 species. However, six spores were newly found and described here: Acaulospora elegans, A. undulata, Glomus laminated spores of. macrocarpus var. macrocarpus, Gl. WUMI%3, Gl. scintillans, Scutellospora verrucosa. Species of three spores that belong to 3 genera; Acaulospora sp., Glomus sp., Scutellospora sp. were unidentified.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.48-48
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• 2014

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) is widespread symbiont forming mutualistic relationship with plant root in terrestrial forest in ecosystem. They provide improved absorption of nutrient and water, and enhance the resistance against plant pathogen or polluted soil, therefore AM fungi are important for survival and maintaining of individual or community of plant. For last decade, many studies about the functional variation of AM fungi on host plant growth response were showed that different geographic isolates, even same species, have different effect on host plant. However, little was known about functional variation of AM fungal isolates originated single population, which provide important insight about intraspecific diversity of AMF and their role in forest ecosystem. In this study, four AM fungal isolates of Rhizophagus clarus were cultured in vitro using transformed carrot (Daucus carota) root and they showed the difference between isolates in ontogenic characteristics such as spore density and hyphal length. The plant growth response by mycorrhizas were measured also. After 20 weeks from inoculation of these isolates to host plants, dry weight, Root:Shoot ratio, colonization rates and N, P concentration of host plant showed host plant was affected differently by AM fungal isolates. This results suggest that AM fungi have high diversity in their functionality in intraspecific level, even in same population.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.171-182
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• 1992

Ten species of the leguminous plants were collected from the soils around Kongiu National University $(127^{\circ}\;08'\;41"\;E,\;36^{\circ}\;28'\;04"\;N)$. All of them were infected with VA-mycorrhizae in the root tissues, and twelve azygospores or chlamydospores of VA-mycorrhizal fungi were found and identified (twelve species of four genera); Acaulospora denticulata, A. scrobiculata, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus australe, Gl. constrictum, Gl. convolutum, Gl. diaphanum, Gl. flavisporum, Gl. glomerulatum, Gl. manihotis, Gl. tortuosum, Scleroystis microcarpus. Seven among them were not reported in Korea yet (seven species of three genera); A. denticulata, Gl. australe, Gl. constrictum, Gl. convolutum, Gl. diaphanum, Gl. flavisporum, S. microcarpus.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.482-492
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• 2000

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi are known to increase plant growth as well as to enhance salt tolerance of plants where plant roots are colonized by VAM. In pot experiment, pepper was grown in soil containing 0, 200, 400, and $600P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ with and without mycorrhizal inoculum. Pots were irrigated with saline water containing 0.5, 2.0, and $6.0dS\;m^{-1}$. At 0, 200, and $400P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ of three EC treatments, plant hight in mycorrhizal treatments was significantly different compared to nonmycorrhizal treatments. However, plant hight at $600P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ was not different between mycorrhizal and nomycorrhizal treatments. Leaf area at $0P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ of three EC treatments, and $200P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $6.0dS\;m^{-1}$ in mycorrhizal treatments significantly increased compared to nonmycorrhizal treatments. However, these increase were not discovered in high salinity and P level. Level of EC affected dry weight, and especially, interection of P and EC, or P and VA inoculation highly affected root dry weight. R/S ratio generally decreased in mycorrhizal treatments. Significantly decreased R/S ratio was shown at 0, 400, and $600P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ of $6.0dS\;m^{-1}$. Chlorophyll content generally increased with decreased salinity and P level where mycorrhizal treatments showed higher chlorophyll content compared to nonmycorrhizal treatments. The benefits of VAM inoculation on fruit production was discovered at only low P level and salinity. Mycorrhizal dependency on dry weight basis was generally shown in $0P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ of three EC treatments and 0.5, $2.0dS\;m^{-1}$ of $200P\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ level. Colonization rate ranged 3.3 to 43.3% and number of spores was 47.7 to 198.3 $100g^{-1}$ soil. Colonization rate and number of spores increased with decreased P level and salinity where there was high correlation ($r=0.858^{**}$) between both. Also improved uptake of mineral nutrients was discovered at mycorrhizal treatments in decreased P level and salinity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.3
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• pp.302-308
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• 1990

This study was conducted to determine the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and ortet ages on the rooting of Quercus acutissima cuttings. The cuttings taken from 12-week-, 2-year-, 4-year-, and 20-year-old plants were rooted in mid summer in the rooting medium (vermiculite 2 : peatmoss 1 by volume) with or without Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) and Glomus sp. inocula and IBA under intermittent misting system in an open shed. The average percentages of rooting were about 82%, 49%, 29%, and 13% for cuttings taken from 12-week-, 2-year-. 4-year-, and 20-year-old seedlings, respectively. Pt inoculation, enhanced rooting of cuttings at all age classes, except 12-week-old seedlings, with the highest enhancement(22%) observed in cuttings taken from 20-year-old trees. The highest percentage of rooting in each age group eras 88.9% in 12-week-old seedlings treated with Pt plus 3.000ppm IBA, 75% in 2-Year-old plants with 1,000ppm IBA, 58.3% in 4-year-old plants with 3.000ppm IBA and 22% in 20-year-old plants. The addition of Glomus sp. fungus inoculum failed to enhance rooting. Pt mycorrhizal inoculation enhanced root dry weight, length, and diamter of adventitious roots at cuttings taken from 12-week- and 20-year-old trees, except the cuttings taken from 4-year-old seedlings. Rooted cuttings had more total nitrogen content in the leaves than unrooted cuttings, and the greater rooting response was associated with the higher phosphorus content in the leaves.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.186-202
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• 1991

Out of the 36 species (22 families) of horticultural plants collected from the horticultural shop around Cheong Ju, the 17 plant species (47.2%) were infected with VA-mycorrhizae in the root tissues. Also, the chlamydospores or azygospores of VA-mycorrhizae were identified (two genera, three species); Acaulospora spinosa, Glomus etinucatum, and G. tortusom. VA-mycorhizae found from the cultivated plants around Korea National University of Education and other area were also identified (four genera, six species); A. myriocarpa, Gigaspora decipiens, G. caledonium, G. glomerulatum, G. microcarpum, and Scutellospora calospora.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-10
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• 1984

Mulberry Seedlings germinated and grown under green house conditions were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, Mosse and Trappe (a Kind of Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae) prior to outplanting into unsterilized soil. They were grown on phosphate deficient soil for 6 months after planting. Shoot length, stem diameter and leaf yield of the inoculated plants were found to be significantly greater than uninoculated ones. It was observed in foliar mineral content that the levels of N, P$_2$O$\sub$5/, CaO of the inoculated plants were higher but the level of MgO of the inoculated plants was lower than the uninoculated ones. In the mineral content of roots, it was observed that the level of P$_2$O$\sub$5/ was higher but the level of N was lower significantly in the inoculated plants than the uninoculated ones.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1997

Since volcanic ash soils in Cheju island have high capacities of adsorption and immobilization of phosphate, a relatively high rate of P application has been recommended in citrus orchards for many years and such a large amount of P application could be problematic both in agricultural and environmental point of view. The objective of this study was to test whether arbuscular-mycorrhizae can be used to improve P availability in Cheju citrus orchard soils. Soil, root and leaf samples were taken from 14 citrus orchards of different location and soil texture. Mycorrhizal spore distribution in the soils, mycorrhizal infection ratio on the citrus roots, and mineral nutrients in leaf samples were determined. Numbers of mycorrhizal spore were in the range of $9,000{\sim}40,000/100g$ soil. The population level was not correlated with any of the soil characteristics examined. Mycorrhizae were found in all of the examined orchards and root infection ratio varied between $14{\sim}60%$. The mycorrhizae infection ratio differed substantially in different soils. Although root infection was high at soils with low extractable P level, it was not significantly correlated with other soil factors measured. Since a positive correlation was observed between leaf P concentration and root infection, enhancement of P uptake seemed to be associated with mycorrhizal infection. These results indicate that mycorrhizae could be a useful method to reduce P applications in Cheju citrus orchards.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.4
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• pp.495-504
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to understand the characteristics of Cd and Pb accumulation in various tissues of poplar species and the effects of ectomycorrhizal inoculation on the accumulation of above two heavy metals in the tissues. The mycelial inoculum of ectomycorrizal fungus, Pisolithus tinctorius was produced in peatmoss and vermiculite mixtures, and inoculated into potted soil with fresh cuttings of four species of Populus, P. alba ${\times}$ glandulosa (Pag). P. koreana ${\times}$ nigra var. italica (Pkn), P. nigra ${\times}$ maximowiczii(Pnm), and P. euramericana(Pe). The potted soils were added with 0, 30, and 80 ppm Cd, and 0, 50, and 300 ppm Pb. The cuttings were grown outdoors for about five months until the plants were harvested for measurement of growth, mycorrhizal infection, and metal contents in leaves, stems, and roots. The total dry weight of Pe treated with Cd and Pb was increased by mycorrhizal inoculation, while that of three other species was not affected by the inoculation. Cd was accumulated in the highest concentration in Pag and its concentration was increased by four times by mycorrhizal inoculation. The Pag accumulated Cd in the highest concentration in the leaves, while three other species accumulated Cd most in the roots. Pb was accumulated in the highest concentration in the roots of all the four species, while Pkn accumulated Pb in the leaves as much as in the roots. Without mycorrhizal inoculation Pe accumulated Pb most among the four species, while Pkn with mycorrhizal inoculation accumulated Pb two times more than in the same species without mycorrhizal inoculation. It was concluded that Pag was the most effective species among the four poplar species in Cd absorption from contaminated soil, and that Pe instead effectively absorbed Pb. Mycorrhizal inoculation increased the Cd accumulation in the tissues by four times in Pag and also increased Pb accumulation by two times in Pkn, with leaves being the major sites of metal accumulation. It may be possible to use these two poplar species in remedying the metal in the soil through the raking and removing the litter out of the contaminate site.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.90-95
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• 1998

Symbiotic associations between land plants and fungi have been known for more than one hundred years. Vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) are the most common symbiosis in flowering plants and can be recognized in almost all plant families. These fungal associations play a very important role in the growth and survival of plant species. However, with respect to the importance and intensity of the VAM, there is great variation among host species. Our knowledge of the VAM fungus-plant association in Araliaceae is very limited. After the first reports of the occurence of VAM in lateral roots of Panax species, mycorrhizal structures are now described as special structures representing the so-called Paris type. In this type, the development of new spores and vesicles is extremely low. This and the type of colonization of the fungus in Panax roots indicates on, one hand, the high intensity of the VAM and, on the other hand, a remarkable dependency for VAM in members of the Panax species. Therefore, it can be easily understood that cultivated Panax plants exhibit a significant uptake of nutrients and this leads to an extremely depleted soil at harvest. Further, the soil is nearly free of the spores of VAM fungi as they germinate each year on the newly developing Panax roots.