• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1865-1875
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• 2018

Enhanced application of solid-state fermentation (SSF) in industrial production and the influence of SSF of Rhizopus K1 on glucoamylase productivity were analyzed using the flat band method. A growth model was implemented through SSF of Rhizopus K1 in this experiment, and spectrophotometric method was used to determine glucoamylase activity. Results showed that in bran and potato culture medium with 70% moisture in a loose state, ${\mu}$ of mycelium reached to $0.15h^{-1}$ after 45 h of culture in a thermostatic water bath incubator at $30^{\circ}C$. Under a low-magnification microscope, mycelial cells appeared uniform, bulky with numerous branches, and were not easily ruptured. The generated glucoamylase activity reached to 55 U/g (dry basis). This study has good utilization value for glucoamylase production by Rhizopus in SSF.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.369-373
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the possibility of artificial production of p. ferulae by solid-state culture, the optimization of culture conditions was carried out. When $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and $CaCO_3$ were used in the cultures using test tube with 30 g of Populus sawdust at $25^{\circ}C{\pm}1$ in the dark, the favored mycelial growth was observed with $1\%$ of $NH_4H_2PO_4$ and the production of polysaccharide was 7.85 mg/100 mg of mycelium with $1\%$ of $CaCO_3$. The mixtures of $80\%$ of Populus Sawdust and $20\%$ of rice bran at $60\%$ of water content were determined to be optimal for the production of fruiting bodies in the sawdust culture. When three treatments containing various ratios of garlic powder were conducted, yields of fruiting bodies were drasti[ally higher than those of Synthetic mixture without garlic powder The highest yield (143 g/bag) was obtained with $7\%$ garlic powder. The yield of synthetic mixture containing $7\%$ of garlic powder was $83\%$ higher than that of Sawdust culture. The reason why garlic powder did support growth was not clear but it is possible that garlic powder might contain effective components for the formation of fruiting body. The optimal synthetic mixture composition consisted of cotton seed $77\%$, lime $6.4\%,\;K_2HPO_4\;0.2\%,\;KH_2PO_4\;0.2\%,\;CaHPO_4\;0.2\%$, corn flour $4\%$, wheat flour $5\%$, and garlic pow-der $7\%$.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.196-203
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• 1995

The effects of majors nutrients and environmental factors on polyoxins biosysnthesis were examined for the overprodution of antifungal agent polyoxins using Streptomyces sp. 809-11. The cell mass at the exponential growth phase was increased when soluble starch was used, while the polyoxins biosynthesis was increased with the formation of filamentous mycelium when glucose was used as a carbon source. It was, therefore, recommendable to use both soluble starch and glucose simultaneously as carbon sources for the cell growth and polyoxins production. The high concentration of ammonium sulfate (151.4 mM) resulied in the improvement of polyoxins production. The optimal concentration of $K_2HPO_4$for polyoxins production was found to be 0.5mM. By applying fed-batch culture, polyoxins production was improved to about 2-folds compared to the result from the batch culture.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.71-75
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• 2007

'Sunjung', a new variety of golden oyster mushroom was bred in Mushroom Research Institute, Gyeonggido Agricultural Research & Extension Services in 2006. This oyster mushroom was selected one which mate with monokaryon collected from KME20064 and KME20066. The optimum temperature for the mycelial growth was about 26 ~$28^{\circ}C$ and that for the primordia and growth of fruitbody was about $18{\sim}23^{\circ}C$. Compared to the control which took 25 days of incubation period, Sunjung required 21~22days. It grew primordia after developed a lump of mycelium. In the characteristics of fruit body, pileus was infundibuliform of yellow-color and stripe was slender/long shape of white color. The yield was 112.9g/850cc bottle and 275.5g/2kg P.P bag.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.493-500
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• 2012

In order to confirm the possibility of UV utilization as a means for disease protection in grapevine the stilbene contents and the disease incidence in UV irradiated leaves were investigated. UV irradiation significantly increased the contents of resveratrol, piceatannol and piceid, in them, resveratrol and piceid showed in vitro inhibition of spore germination and mycelium growth of Botrytis cinerea. The accumulation of both the stilbenes in UV irradiated leaves seems to be enough to inhibit the B. cinerea growth, since the formation of necrotic spot on the leaves was considerably inhibited when they were inoculated with the conidial spores of B. cinerea. However the stilbenes were accumulated only in the leaves exposed directly to UV showing a limited translocation ability of the compounds. Thus it would be necessary to develop a method to evenly irradiate the entire crown of plant with UV in order to expect to protect them from disease by UV irradiation.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.106-114
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• 2005

To breed powdery mildew resistant varieties, 104 accessions of Cucurbita spp. germplasm were evaluated. Powdery mildew resistance and horticultural characteristics of the accessions were investigated in the field conditions. C. martinezii was selected for high resistance to powdery mildew in the field. The growth of powdery mildew pathogen and response of leaf surface tissue to the pathogen were observed after artificial inoculation to resistant C martinezii and susceptible C. moschata cv. 'Wonye No.402'. Mycelium growth was very clearly different between resistant C. martinezii and susceptible C moschata cv. 'Wonye No. 402' at 5 days after inoculation at the adult stage. Interspecific hybridization was attempted to transfer powdery mildew resistance gene(s) from C. martinezii to C. moschata. A single dominant gene action was postulated as deter mining powdery mildew resistance at the seedling stage. But for the effective selection of powdery mildew resistant individuals, it was established that adult plant resistance should be confirmed in the field conditions after the seedling test. Through the seedling and field tests, C. moschata lines resistant to powdery mildew and superior to horticultural characteristics, were selected after 2 backcrossing and 3 selfing generations. The fruit characteristics of newly developed lines were similar to those of the recurrent parent, 'Jaechenjarae'.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.2 s.77
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• pp.127-134
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• 1996

Armillaria isolates (KNU-A110, KNU-A234, KNU-A1022 and KNU-A1030) were excellent isolates for producing Gastrodia tuber in farm cultivation. Depth of soil between $10\;cm{\sim}19\;cm$ was favorable for producing Gastrodia tuber and rhizomorph at cultivated area. Eighty nine isolates were collected from 5 countries; 16 from Japan, 22 from USA, 26 from France, 4 from Africa and 21 from Korea. Mycelial fan of most isolates were better formed on basal medium with lemon extract than without lemon.A. mellea (KNU-A997) were strongly pathogenic to Gastrodia but A. gallica (KNU-A110) were excellent symbiotic to Gastrodia tuber. Mycelial growth were good on basal medium containing $0.25%{\sim}0.5%$ ethanol and sawdust spawn added wheat bran and corncob. Liquid culture inoculation were not only fast growth of mycelium but also reduction of contamination.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2006

For the study of Hericium erinaceum as a useful functional foods and materials, liquid cultivation under two different bioreactors(air-lift fermenter and jar fermenter) which was not studied systematically until now, was conducted as a method of mass cultivation for H. erinaceum. A batch cultivation in an air-lift fermenter and a jar fermenter was examined for enhancing the productivity because of small amounts of mycelial weight and slow growth in case of a liquid culture for H. erinaceum. We found that air lift fermenter system was more effective than jar fermenter for mycelial production of H. erinaceum, and mycelial morphology was a critical factor of the growth. By scale-up and cultivation based on morphological analysis, the conditions for mass production with 30 L and 500 L jar fermenter was 200 and 150 rpm of agitation speed at 1 vvm of aeration rate, respectively, and mycelial dry weight under these conditions was enhanced to about $13{\sim}14g/L$.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2015

Antifungal activities of crude extractum of Nanshancha Seed Cake (NSC), to inactivate postharvest pathogens were investigated. Highest inhibitory rate was found against C. musae, C. gloeosporioides and C. papaya P.Henn, which was much stronger than that by tea saponin. Compared to tea saponin, effects of NSC extractum was relatively weak and similar on C. gloeosporioides Penzig and P. italicum. In an in vivo study, best controlling effects by NSC extractum was found with banana anthracnose disease development, which showed no inhibitory effects by tea saponin. NSC extractum controlled in vitro C. musae growth through directly inhibiting germination rate and germ tube elongation, and causing distortation, rupture and indentation of C. musae mycelium. In banana fruit subject to C. musae inoculation, higher PAL, POD, GLU and CHT activity was observed in banana fruit treated with crude NSC extractum than that of water control fruits. Current study proved the best controlling effects of crude NSC extractum in C. musae in vitro and in vivo development, which through direct inhibition of C. musae growth and increasing defense system of the banana fruit.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.236-244
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• 2024

Background: Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the primary pathogenic fungus that causes Panax notoginseng (P. notoginseng) root rot disease. To control the disease, safe and efficient antifungal pesticides must currently be developed. Methods: In this study, we prepared and characterized a nanoemulsion of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (Ne-FvEO) using ultrasonic technology and evaluated its stability. Traditional Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (T-FvEO) was prepared simultaneously with 1/1000 Tween-80 and 20/1000 dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The effects and inhibitory mechanism of Ne-FvEO and T-FvEO in F. oxysporum were investigated through combined transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results: Results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ne-FvEO decreased from 3.65 mg/mL to 0.35 mg/mL, and its bioavailability increased by 10-fold. The results of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that T-FvEO did not contain a high content of estragole compared to Foeniculum vulgare essential oil (FvEO) and Ne-FvEO. Combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis showed that both emulsions inhibited the growth and development of F. oxysporum through the synthesis of the cell wall and cell membrane, energy metabolism, and genetic information of F. oxysporum mycelium. Ne-FvEO also inhibited the expression of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase and reduced the content of 2-oxoglutarate, which inhibited the germination of spores. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Ne-FvEO effectively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum in P. notoginseng in vivo. The findings contribute to our comprehension of the antifungal mechanism of essential oils (EOs) and lay the groundwork for the creation of plant-derived antifungal medicines.