• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2023

Fungal isolates from infected Chinese quince trees were found to cause black rot in Yeongcheon, Gyeongsangbuk Province, Korea. The quince leaves withered and turned reddish-brown and fruits underwent black mummification. To elucidate the cause of these symptoms, the pathogen was isolated from infected leaf and fruit tissues on potato dextrose agar and Levan media. Several fungal colonies forming a fluffy white or dark gray mycelium and two types of fungi forming an aerial white mycelium, growing widely at the edges, were isolated. Microscopic observations, investigation of fungal growth characteristics on various media, and molecular identification using an internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α genes were performed. The fungal pathogens were identified as Diplodia parva and Diplodia crataegicola. Pathogenicity tests revealed that the pathogen-inoculated fruits exhibited a layered pattern, turning brown rotting; leaves showed circular brown necrotic lesions. The developed symptoms were similar to those observed in the field. Fungal pathogens were reisolated to fulfill Koch's postulates. Apples were inoculated with fungal pathogens to investigate the host range. Strong pathogenicity was evident in the fruits, with browning and rotting symptoms 3 days after inoculation. To determine pathogen control, a fungicidal sensitivity test was conducted using four registered fungicides. Thiophanate-methyl, propineb, and tebuconazole inhibited the mycelial growth of pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the isolation and identification of the fungal pathogens D. parva and D. crataegicola from infected fruits and leaves of Chinese quince, causing black rot disease in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.3 s.74
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• pp.275-283
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• 1995

The nutritional requirements of mycelial growth for Pleurotus spp. were studied. As the carbon sources, soluble starch and dextrin, nitrogen sources, arginine and ammonium tartrate, and calcium sources, $CaCO_3$ enhanced mycelial growth. Optimum C/N ratio was 100 : 1. On the base of results from the experiment on nutritional requirements, the following receipe is suggested for growth of Pleurotus spp.; starch 15 g, arginine 3.484 g, ammonium tartrate 3.06 g, $CaCO_3$ 0.314 g, $KH_2PO_4$ 8.138 g, $K_2HPO_4$ 1.584 g, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 1.5 g for P. sajor-caju and 2.5 g for P. ostreatus. $FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, $ZnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.03 g, $MnSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.02 g, optimum pH 6.0. This new synthetic medium is tentatively designated as Park's medium.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 1999

A new synthetic medium was developed for the submerged mycelial cultures of Phellinus linteus. The medium for maximum mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus (3 days incubation, 28$^{\circ}C$, pH 5) consisted of (per 1 L): glucose, 90 g peptone, 10 g soluble starch, 10 g yeast extract, 3 g KH2PO4, 1 g MgSO4.7H2O, 1 g and CaCl2, 0.1 g. The concentrations of glucose, peptone, yeast extract, KH2PO4, MgSO4.7H2O, and CaCl2 were examined in the ranges of 10~90 g/L, 0~10 g/L, 0~15 g/L, 0~2 g/L, 0~1 g/L, and 0~0.5 g/L, respectively. The dry weight of mycelium in 3 days increased to 16.79 mg/mL using the new synthetic medium. The optimum temperature for mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus was 28$^{\circ}C$. The concentrations of KH2OP4, CaCl2, and yeast extract, which gave the maximum mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus, existed in the concentration ranges examined in this study. But, in the cases of other compositions (MgSO4.7H2O, peptone, and glucose), the mycelial growth of Phellinus linteus increased with the concentration in the ranges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.141-142
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• 2015

Environmental temperature is an important factor that affects the growth of mushrooms. Mushrooms grow well in a certain temperature range, but if mushrooms deviate from the appropriate temperature range, mushrooms growth and development quality will become worse, and even stop growing. In this paper, the status of the mushroom bacteria, the growth of the mycelium, the occurrence of the fruiting bodies and the growth of the fungus were investigated, o as to provide reference for cultivation management technology of mushroom precise cultivation.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.70-78
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• 1988

To obtain basic information for the genetic analysis and breeding of Flammulina velutipes, some factors affecting the release of protoplasts from the fungus were studied. Potato Dextrose peptone Agar medium was suitable for the growth of the mycelium and the protoplast formation of F. velutipes. The culture age for the high yields of protoplast was 5 days on PDPA. Few protoplasts were formed from the mycelium cultured on Mushroom minimum Media. The highest yield of protoplasts was obtained in enzyme solution containing Novozyme 234 plus cellulase CP at 10 mg $ml^{-1}$ concentration, while a half amount of protoplasts was obtained in enzyme solution containing Novozyme 234 only. The optimal reaction time of the mycelium in the Iytic enzyme mixtures was 3 hours. The best osmotic stabilizer for the protoplast formation of the mycelium was 0.6M sucrose without buffer at pH 6.2.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.35-39
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• 2005

Highly Activated Calcium(below HAC) is the oxidized calcium made by dissolving shell materials with high voltage about 15,000V and high temperature ($1,500{\sim}5,000^{\circ}C$). This HAC is a material with a very high degree of purity without toxicant. This HAC decreases chemical reaction so the degree of being active and dissolving living material is outstanding. The effects of HAC on the propagation of mushrooms are following. In the case of the Pleurotus ostreatus, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the HAC, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 2days. The day required for primordial formation after inoculation(DPI) were one day faster. The number of stem was 15 and individual weight was 248g/850cc, a 6.5% increase. In the case of Pleurotus eryngii, when controlling media moisture by mixing with the highly activated calcium, mycelium cultivating days were shortened by 3days. DPI were l day faster. The day required for colonization after inoculation was shortened by 6days and individual weight was 108.8g/850cc, a 9.7% increase. In the case of Flammulina velutipes, the highly activated calcium was the best for scraping up mycelium. Mycelium incubating days were shortened by 2days. DPI were shortened by 3days. The day required for colonization after inoculation was 1day faster and the period of cultivation was shortened by 3days. Individual weight was 165g/850cc, a 6.7% increase. In the case of Lentinula edodes, when mixing media with the highly cultivated calcium, cultivating days were shortened by 3 days. The days for becoming brown in color were 2 days faster and the days of the first harvest were shortened by 4 days. The weight of mushrooms was 169g/2kg, a 9.7% increase.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.685-690
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• 2002

The effects of mycelium of Cordyceps militaris on the growth, the lipid metabolism, the serum protein levels and the enzyme activities in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were given four different types of diets for a succeeding period of five weeks: either a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 2%, 3% or 4% mycelium of Cordyceps militaris (CM) powder. The body weight gain, hepatic weight, feed efficiency ratio and the feed intake of the rats given diets with 2%, 3% or 4% CM were similar to those in rats given the control diet. The concentrations of hepatic total lipid and triglyceride of rats fed the 3% or 4% CM diets were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. But the concentrations of hepatic total cholesterol and phospholipid of rats fed the all CM diets were similar to those of rats fed the control diet. The concentrations of total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride phospholipid, and the atherogenic index, and the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase in serum of rats fed the all CM diets were significantly lower than those of rats fed the control diet. No differences were noted in the concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, total protein, albumin and creatinine, and the activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, ${\gamma}$ -glutamyltranspeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum among the rats with on all the experimental diets. These results showed that the all CM diets feeding decreased the total cholesterol, the triglyceride, the phopholipid, and the atherogenic index in serum of rats.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.249-251
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• 2003

The effects of fermentor types on biopolymer production with Cordyceps militaris has been studied in this articles. Since the shear stresses of stirred tank ferementor and bubble column fermentor were different, the mycelium growth and biopolymer production were different. The mycerial growth was high with the bubble column fermentor for the early stage but biopolymer production was lower than that with stirred tank fermentor. The production of biopolymer was closely related to shear stress to the cells and biopolymer production was increased with increased shear stress.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.465-471
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• 1996

A strain producing $\alpha$-1, 3-glucanase was isolated from soil samples. The strain has a grey aerial mycelium and showed brown color from the other side. The temperature and pH range for growth were from 10$\circ$C to 42$\circ$C and from 4 to 10, respectively. Arabinose, dextrin and mannose were utilized for growth. Analysis of cell wall components revealed that the strain was classified as type I. From the results, the strain was identified as Streptomyces sp. By using this strain, the maximum production of 0.65 units/ml for $\alpha$-1, 3-glucanase was achieved at 37$\circ$C for 48 hrs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-119
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• 1994

White mutant of Ganoderma lucidum(G4142) induced the non-basediocarpous basidiospores(NBB) from the aerial mycelia on agar media by the light illumination. Light was found to be necessary for NBB formation, but it also inhibited the growth of mycelium. The best sporulation was obtained at the periodic exposure of 16 hour light and 8 hour dark. Blue and yellow light were the most effective on sporulation, however, near UV and red light did not induce any spores. Effective light intensity for NBB bearing was about 1,000 lux as white light. Even after 16 days of culture, this strain did not form the pinhead nor chlamydospore. Optimum temperature for the mycelial growth and NBB formation were 30$\circ $C. Ganoderma lucidum G4142 exhibited the formation of stroma after five days of incubation at 30$\circ $C.