• Title/Summary/Keyword: Mutual Agreement

Search Result 258, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Study on the mechanical behaviors of timber frame with the simplified column foot joints

  • Yang, Qing-shan;He, Jun-xiao;Wang, Juan
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
    • /
    • v.77 no.3
    • /
    • pp.383-394
    • /
    • 2021
  • Column foot in traditional Chinese timber structures may be subjected to be uplifted due to the lateral load and subsequently reset under the vertical loads. The residual moment of the rocking column foot is the most important parameter representing the mechanical behaviors of column foot, and the simplification of joints is the basis of structural analysis of whole structure. The complicated mechanical behaviors of joint and the modeling of the column foot joint has been undertaken historically based on the experiments and numerical simulation. On the condition of limited application range of those models, a lack of simplified model to represent the mechanical behaviors of joint deserves attentions. There is a great need to undertake theoretical studies to derive the residual moment and make better simplified model of the joint. This paper proposes the residual moment and equivalent simplified model of the rotational stiffness for column foot joint. And, the timber frame is established based on the simplified model, which is verified by solid finite element model. Results show that a mutual agreement on the mechanical behaviors of the timber frame is obtained between the simplified model and the solid finite element model. This study can serve as the references of the structural analysis for the traditional timber structures.

International Standardization and Domestic Application Methods according to Interagency Operations Advisory Group (IOAG) Service Catalog (Interagency Operations Advisory Group (IOAG) Service Catalog 에 따른 국제 표준화 및 국내 적용 방안)

  • Lee, Junghyun;Park, Durkjong;Ahn, Sangil
    • Journal of Space Technology and Applications
    • /
    • v.2 no.2
    • /
    • pp.137-145
    • /
    • 2022
  • Space development has been independently performed by space agencies in each country. This causes redundant development for individual function, resulting in waste of space resources. Accordingly, Interagency Operations Advisory Group (IOAG) was established for standardization with mutual agreement between international organizations, and space resources can be used efficiently between space agencies through cross-support. IOAG define Service Catalog#1, #2, and #3, according to the network layer. In this technical paper, the background and main contents of the IOAG Service Catalog, and the application plan for domestic space development will be discussed.

Performance of Cu-SiO2 Aerogel Catalyst in Methanol Steam Reforming: Modeling of hydrogen production using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neuron Networks

  • Taher Yousefi Amiri;Mahdi Maleki-Kakelar;Abbas Aghaeinejad-Meybodi
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
    • /
    • v.61 no.2
    • /
    • pp.328-339
    • /
    • 2023
  • Methanol steam reforming (MSR) is a promising method for hydrogen supplying as a critical step in hydrogen fuel cell commercialization in mobile applications. Modelling and understanding of the reactor behavior is an attractive research field to develop an efficient reformer. Three-layer feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) and Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to modelling of MSR process using the Cu-SiO2 aerogel catalyst. Furthermore, impacts of the basic operational variables and their mutual interactions were studied. The results showed that the most affecting parameters were the reaction temperature (56%) and its quadratic term (20.5%). In addition, it was also found that the interaction between temperature and Steam/Methanol ratio is important on the MSR performance. These models precisely predict MSR performance and have great agreement with experimental results. However, on the basis of statistical criteria the ANN technique showed the greater modelling ability as compared with statistical BBD approach.

Secure and Efficient Key Management Scheme for Wireless Mesh Network (무선 메쉬망에서의 안전하고 효율적인 키관리 스킴)

  • Salam, Md. Iftekhar;Singh, Madhusudan;Lee, Sang-Gon;Lee, Hoon-Jae
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
    • /
    • 2011.04a
    • /
    • pp.844-847
    • /
    • 2011
  • Wireless mesh network (WMN) is a type of mobile ad-hoc network consists of wireless router, mobile clients and gateway which connects the network with the Internet. To provide security in the network it is required to encrypt the message sent among the communicating nodes in such way so that only legitimate user can retrieve the original data. Several security mechanisms have been proposed so far to enhance the security of WMN. However, there still exists a need for a comprehensive mechanism to prevent attacks in data communication. Considering the characteristic of mesh network, in this paper we proposed a public key cryptography based security architecture to establish a secure key agreement among communicating nodes in mesh network. The proposed security architecture consists of two major sections: client data protection and network data protection. Client data protection deals with the mutual authentication between the client and the access router and provide client to access router encryption for data confidentiality using standard IEEE 802.11i protocol. On the other hand, network data protection ensures encrypted routing and data transfer in the multi hop backbone network. For the network data protection, we used the pre-distributed public key to form a secure backbone infrastructure.

Vulnerability Attack for Mutual Password Authentication Scheme with Session Key agreement (세션 키 동의를 제공하는 상호인증 패스워드 인증 스킴에 대한 취약점 공격)

  • Seo Han Na;Choi Youn Sung
    • Convergence Security Journal
    • /
    • v.22 no.4
    • /
    • pp.179-188
    • /
    • 2022
  • Password authentication schemes (PAS) are the most common mechanisms used to ensure secure communication in open networks. Mathematical-based cryptographic authentication schemes such as factorization and discrete logarithms have been proposed and provided strong security features, but they have the disadvantage of high computational and message transmission costs required to construct passwords. Fairuz et al. therefore argued for an improved cryptographic authentication scheme based on two difficult fixed issues related to session key consent using the smart card scheme. However, in this paper, we have made clear through security analysis that Fairuz et al.'s protocol has security holes for Privileged Insider Attack, Lack of Perfect Forward Secrecy, Lack of User Anonymity, DoS Attack, Off-line Password Guessing Attack.

Analysis of Global Trends in the Cross-border Transfer of Personal Data and Its Implications for Korea (개인정보 국외이전 관련 규범 국제 동향 분석 및 한국에의 시사점)

  • Bomin-Ko
    • Korea Trade Review
    • /
    • v.46 no.6
    • /
    • pp.239-255
    • /
    • 2021
  • To review the theoretical background of regulatory approaches to cross-border transfer of personal data, this paper divides major digital trade participating countries into four types according to the OECD - non-regulatory, post-intervention, pre-supervision, and national control. It then analyzes the US, Japan, the EU, and China respectively that belong to each type. South Korea, which is currently about to pass the amendment by the National Assembly, has identified that it is in the middle of post-intervention and pre-supervision, and needs to evolve into pre-supervision norms like the EU while it has to participate more actively in the process of establishing international digital trade rules. Korea first needs to sign digital trade agreements and promote mutual certification projects more actively from the standpoint of a medium-sized open country with growing digital companies and digitally-open consumers. Second, the government should fully consider the interests of not only companies but also various trade stakeholders including domestic consumers, when drafting and implementing trade policies. To this end, 'a single window approach' is needed not only at the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, but also at the level of the entire government which require an integrated form of digital trade policy governance.

Coorientation between Service Provider and Users about Providing Service Quality by the Child Welfare Agency (아동복지기관이 제공하는 서비스품질에 대한 서비스제공자와 이용자간의 상호지향성)

  • UM, Kyung-Ho;PARK, Young-Kyu
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
    • /
    • v.10 no.5
    • /
    • pp.67-76
    • /
    • 2019
  • Purpose - The Korean child welfare services may have different feelings between providers and users. Few studies on the child welfare service quality have been conducted and research on the coorientation model of child welfare services are nonexistent. We compared the perceptions of Korean child welfare service providers and users in this study. It will have many applications in the service quality fields by applying a coorientation model. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to enhance user satisfaction with child welfare services, around 200 samples were carried out both in Busan and Kyungsangnamdo randomly. Seven point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. Two measurements were made to evaluate the different positions on the part of child welfare service providers and users to assess their mutual orientation. Paired t-test verification was conducted for congruency analysis, and the verification of agreement and accuracy was analyzed by independent t-tests. Results - We empirically examined the differences between the providers and the users stance. The results are as follows. We have verified the statistical significance of the difference in perception between providers and users. We also confirmed a degree of agreement, a degree of congruency, a degree of accuracy and a degree of meta agreement in the study. In the Korean child welfare service quality, the coorientation model of process quality appeared in the form of semi-dissensus, the coorientation model of results quality were shown in the form of ignorances and the coorientation model of physical environment quality were investigated in the form of semi-dissensus. Conclusion - The study concluded that users need to understand more about the providers in order to enhance the coorientation model in process quality and physical environmental quality, and the providers need to persuade the users clearly about the positive factors. To enhance the coorientation model of the result quality, it can be misunderstood by guessing that the other party will positively evaluate it. Therefore, users believe that they need to talk more clearly to the provider about the results of the korean child welfare service quality to reduce misunderstandings and to understand each other about the resulting quality.

Study on Potentiality of Age Integration as an Alternative Paradigm for Aged Society - Focusing on Comparing Perception Regarding Impacts of Age Integration Between Policy Target and Professional - (고령사회 대안 패러다임으로써 연령통합의 유용성에 대한 고찰 - 연령통합의 영향에 대한 사회일반과 전문가의 인식비교를 중심으로 -)

  • Choi, Hyeji;Park, Junghwa;Kwon, Miri;Chung, Soondool
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
    • /
    • v.67 no.3
    • /
    • pp.107-124
    • /
    • 2015
  • This study started from ideas on lack of discussion regarding age integration emphasized as an alternative paradigm for aged society and exclusion of policy target from discussion on age integration. This study analyzed potentiality of age integration through comparing the perception on impacts of age integration between policy target and professional. Results showed that policy target perceived social and individual effects of age integration more sceptically than professional. Also, policy target reported higher levels of agreement on development of age friendly environment and increase in social contribution by the aged as social impacts of age integration. Otherwise policy target, professional showed higher levels of agreement on enhancement of social solidarity and increase in mutual understanding among generations. In perception on individual impacts of age integration, policy target differed from professional by emphasizing extension of self-determination and self-autonomy. Lastly, group membership of policy target or professional significantly determined levels of agreement on positive impacts of age integration.

  • PDF

A Study on the IT Outsourcing for Service Level Agreement in Public Agencies (공공기관에서의 서비스 수준 협약(SLA)에 따른 IT 아웃소싱에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Sung Ho;Kim, Hee Wan;Kim, Dong Soo
    • Journal of Service Research and Studies
    • /
    • v.2 no.1
    • /
    • pp.47-59
    • /
    • 2012
  • With the rapid development of the Internet, public agencies and private companies introduced 'IT outsourcing in order to maintain and repair the information systems. Also they have utilized the SLA in order to manage it. Although IT outsourcing as a way to promote effective SLA are being introduced, the introduction of service level agreements or those introduced universal effectiveness did not demonstrate in the public agencies. The importance of outsourcing in the information systems is growing, but the increase in size of the business information, IT technology diversification, expansion of information between systems interconnection, information system operating and maintenance costs with the increase of information systems to streamline operations, increase the need for versatility is growing gradually. In this paper we investigates IT outsourcing in public agencies as a way to promote effective service level agreement(SLA) with the introduction and consideration, and through the application of SLA mutual customers and IT service organizations make a clear point of management and IT service levels and IT services for improved mind and strengthen the effectiveness of preventive activities can be seen.

  • PDF

Changes and Implications of North Korea's Discourse on a Peace Treaty during the Kim Il-sung Era (김일성 시기 북한의 평화협정 담론 변화와 함의)

  • Eun-mi Lee
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
    • /
    • v.10 no.5
    • /
    • pp.307-314
    • /
    • 2024
  • For us, as 2023 marked the 70th anniversary of the signing of the Armistice Agreement, it provided an opportunity to reflect once again on the potential for transitioning the armistice into a peace treaty, officially ending the Korean War, and establishing a peace regime that could promote peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula. Since the Geneva Conference of 1954, North Korea has made various statements regarding a peace treaty. It can be seen that North Korea aimed to strengthen its own power and achieve a balance of power by entering into a peace treaty with South Korea or the U.S. This paper aims to examine the reasons why North Korea, a signatory of the Armistice Agreement of 1953, became interested in forging a peace treaty and to establish the foundation of how North Korea's discourse on a peace treaty has changed over time. By examining cases of North Korea's proposals for an inter-Korean or a North Korea-U.S. peace treaty since the 1954 Political Conference to the period from the 1950s to the 1990s, this paper seeks to explain the background behind North Korea's peace treaty discourse and to consider the implications of these changes for South Korea and the U.S., which would be parties to such a peace treaty. Additionally, the paper aims to explore the implications for South Korea and the United States, not only in relation to North Korea but also considering the United Nations Command and the ROK-U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty, when entering into a peace treaty with North Korea.