• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

It has been passed more than 50 years of the history of music therapy on school aged children since there had been enforced the 'Education for All Handicapped Children Ace' in United states 1975, which had made an important role of music therapist augmented. In the case of South Korea, through reforming the law on March 2005 that therapist educator has to be allocated on the special class in general school, at least, patrol teacher is charged on that, which made possible to start music therapy as initial stage was realized in realistic way on the spot of school. This research has primary concerns as following. The one thing is intended that figuring the opinions of special educators and music therapists involved with the music therapy in elementary school. And the other thing is intended that making a investigation of actual condition on the spot of existing school, moreover, pinpointing at issue and suggesting the change for the better than now. In order to undertake theses intentions, I examined preceding researches and existing data, distributed the questionnaire involved the music therapy of elementary school to the people who are composed of special educators-65 persons and music therapists-30 persons from 18th October to second of November, and analyzed collected by descriptive statistics. According to the analyzed results, it says that special educator and music therapist know well about the necessity of music therapy in elementary school and its effectiveness is manifested in positive way. Moreover, in order to systemize and promote a program of music therapy, what is most urgent thing is the completion of instrument and music therapy room and there are needed strong supports at the level of nation and institution. It has become pervasive on the demand of therapy education by parents in all of the places involved with disabled children such as special school, special class, local welfare community, and early education. This research shows that how therapy and education was connected as music therapy on the spot of the elementary school, and the necessity of the education of music therapy.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to assess effects of oriental medicine music therapy on heart rate variability(HRV) in normal subjects under mental stress. Methods : 34 healthy volunteers(control group:17, experimental group:17) participate in this study. The volunteers were randomly allocated into two groups. After 10-minutes rest period and instrumentation, both groups performed a mental stress test for 12-minutes. HRV was recorded before and after the mental stress. And then the experimental group applied oriental medicine music therapy for 10-minutes. In the control group, they rested for 10-minutes. And HRV was recorded. Results : After giving mental stress stimulation to both groups, LF and LF/HF ratio were significantly increased and HF, mean HRV were decreased. In experimental group, LF, LF/HF ratio were significantly decreased and HF, SDNN were significantly increased after applying oriental medicine music therapy. In control group, LF was significantly decreased. And LF/HF ratio was decreased and HF, SDNN were increased, but it was not significant. Conclusions : This results show that oriental medicine music therapy could be relatively useful to decrease sympathetic activity and prevent the alteration of autonomic nervous system due to mental stress.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.336-351
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• 2021

The purpose of this research is to find out the effects of music therapy activities using preferred music on job stress, work engagement and flourishing of reporters in broadcasting company. The study targets 51 reporters in S city, with the experimental group consisting of 20 reporters from A broadcasting company and the control group composed of 31 reporters from A newspaper company. The experimental group voluntarily listened to preferred music at least three times a day for two weeks, while the control group did not perform any activities. For data analysis, the job stress scale, work engagement scale, and flourishing scale scores of each group were collected right before and after the experiment, and the results of the analysis were as follows. First, the experimental group's job stress decreased, and significant score differences were also shown in comparison with the control group. Second, work engagement also increased by a noticeable difference. Third, in the case of flourishing, the after experiment's average value rose slightly, but the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this research offered implications for the need for a music therapy activity program to recover from reporters' job stress circumstances and discussed the need for further research.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2006

Music plays significant roles in the process of human development. The requirement in each process of development can be encouraged by children's participating in various musical activity and so the musical circumstance can make an important factor. Acknowledging that, there were some attempts to use music as a means of treatment or education for children. The subjects of clinic studies in music therapy, especially in Korea, have mainly been children with delay or disability in development. The purpose of this article is focused on collecting and analyzing articles which are written about children who are the main subjects of clinic studies. By collecting and analyzing those articles, the tendency of domestic studies about music therapy concerned with children can be widely examined. Ninety thesis about music therapy related with normal and disabled children have been collected and analyzed considering the subjects, methods, fields of the studies and musical intervention. The conclusions are the same with followings. First, considering the subjects, the studies on children with disabilities are more than normal children and the studies on autistic children occupy the largest portion of them Recently the studies on normal children have been increased as well as the studies on children with disability. Second, for the methods1 experimental studies have been performed more widely than descriptive studies. Third, considering the fields of development, the studies on the social field occupies the largest part of all and they are followed by emotion, language and communication, cognition in turn. Last, in case of musical intervention, it is clear that musical intervention is more used as forms of singing songs and playing instruments than special skills of music. Through this article, the achievements and shortcomings in this territory could be possibly shown at the same time. Moreover, the direction which it has to move toward could be shown.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.41-65
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• 2007

This study examines children's responses on Audie music activity based on Gordon's Music Learning Method. Subjects of study were 3 five year old children(2 boys, 1 girl) in kindergarten. Data collection drew from participatory observation, researcher journal, the classroom teacher interview. Where more specific data were necessary, video and digital camera recorded. The data were described, analyzed, and interpreted. The main findings in this study are as follows : The children who participated in Audie music activity showed desirable changes in many ways. Their music listening attitude was the one that changed most remarkably. At the beginning activity application, the children were not naturally and could not listen attentively while researcher was singing song without words. Gradually children could listen attentively to the researcher's singing without words. Through the Audie music activity, the children began to think carefully the tone and rhythm of music and to express themselves freely and creatively. At the beginning activity application, the children who showed negative responses and blocked up activity became gradually able to show positive aptitude and to amuse. Also the children who showed passive attitude and no responses became gradually able to react spontaneously.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2015

In Korea, modern art therapy was developed in the 1960s and 1970s in the form of supplementary activities for patients in psychiatry. Along with the foundation of the Korean Association for Clinical Art in 1982 by psychiatric doctors, the therapy involved more various arts forms such as music, art, dance, poetry therapy, and psychodrama. More organizations with specific expertise opened such as the Korean Art Therapy Association, Korean Art Therapy Association, etc. in the 1990s and the Korea Arts Therapy Institute in 2001. As of April 2015, the members of the Korean Art Therapy Association total 15,000, including 6,200 regular members. The arts in integrative arts therapy (IAT) is an individual's creative activity which is related to his inner world, and the forms of IAT include music, drawing, dance and poetry therapy. From the aspect of phenomenology, IAT is psychophysical therapy involving the arts that helps patients recognize and perceive their experiences with an aim of at a recovery of the body and creativity from the phenomenological aspect. It is also a therapeutic activity that targets growth and development of the body and mind. Meta-analysis of the effects of art therapy with a focus on that involving music, drawing, dance movement and IAT in recent years in Korea, significant effects were observed in all factors but physical function. The biggest effect was mentality adaptation followed by activity adaptation and physiology. In the run up to the implementation of the daily flat-rate system for the health insurance reimbursement for palliative care in July 2015, the Ministry of Health and Welfare is reviewing the coverage of music therapy, drawing therapy and flower therapy, which are currently practiced by 56 hospice institutes in Korea. This is a meaningful step because the coverage of hospice and palliative care came after that of art therapy for psychiatric patients was approved in 1977. Still, there is a need clarify the therapeutic mechanism by exploring causality among the treatment media, mediation type and treatment effects. To address the issue of indiscriminately issued licenses, more efforts are needed to ensure expertise and identity of the licensed therapists through education, training and supervision.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.29-62
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• 2006

The early development of an infant is crucial due to the enormous impact it has throughout an infant's life. Therefore, it is important to understand the development process of an infant and provide a high-quality educational environment so that an infant can progress at an innate pace to learn how to exercise, understand, speak, socialize, and empathize as well as having a balanced growth. When educating an infant, joy is a substantial factor in the formation of trust and development of relationship that makes education efficient. Music can be an effective means to offer a fun atmosphere vto the infant in which it stimulates active participation of the infant and development of a variety of dimensions to the infant's development. Also, the purpose of music therapy education is utilizes to plan for the different age groups' level of understanding of music and allow the infant to have a positive experience and develop properly. The purposes of this study are as following: to examine characteristics according to an infant' developmental steps thoroughly, to suggest interventions using music therapy education to stimulate development of an infant, to prove that infants age 3 to 6 obtain the necessary ability and skill through the effective educational therapy through music, and finally to create a music program for educating infants or music therapy. This study has examined theories of the music approach targeting infants age 3 to 6 and made character observations of infant' Motor, Cognition, Communication, Socialization, and Emotions. With the basis of the above theory, the different levels of development has been divided, specific goals has been set up according to the levels, and various music therapy education for infants have been created. The music therapy education activity has been approved by five professionals who are renown in their specific field. They made comments that the development levels were properly divided in the paper. They also commented that the music program is adequate for achieving the goal of each developmental level and it stimulates the different levels of an infant's development. In conclusion, the study reflects that the approach of music therapy education stimulates the different levels of infant development. Music therapists can utilize this music program to help handicapped children identify characteristics of progress and develop at their own ability.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to investigate the musical activities and musical preference according to coping strategy of university students. The survey was conducted to 200 students and the data of 168 was analysed. The results of the research are as follows. First, the number of problem-solving coping was the highest, and the number of emotional-alleviate coping was the lowest. And coping strategy between male and female student showed a significant difference. Second, music listening was the most preferred activity. There was a significant difference in the most preferred activity between male and female students, also between active and inactive coping strategy. However, the most doing activity between music major students and non-music major students showed a significant difference. In addition, there was a significant differences in the purpose of playing instruments between male and female students and among academic year. Third, Korean-pop was the most preferred genre. Result showed a significant difference in preferred musical elements between male and female students. There were genre, melody, loudness, and theme of lyric. Meanwhile, preferred musical elements between active and inactive coping strategy showed a statistical differences. There were rhythm, timbre, and medium of listening. Finally, there were statistical differences in the preferred harmony and familiarity between music major students and non-music major students.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2009

This study aims to conduct a music psychotherapy program on North Korean child defectors, who are experiencing acculturative stress, and to discover the effects of the program on the participants' acculturative stress. This study targeted four North Korean child defectors, who belonged to an H afterschool class in Seoul and performed the program in individual sessions for about 40 minutes per session, totaling 14 sessions. The research results include the following. First, after comparing the results of acculturative stress score that measured before and after the execution of the music psychotherapy program, the mean of the score was significantly decreased from 32.75 to 23 average. Furthermore, as a result of conducting a qualitative analysis of the lingual responses that the participants demonstrated in musical activity, in relation to acculturative stress, the participants were found to experience a positive change. These results imply that the music psychotherapy program offers consistent support through music to North Korean Child Defectors, who are cowering psychologically and experiencing difficulty in adaptation, and reinforces inner resources through their positive self-perception, which indicates that it can be an effective mediation in reducing their acculturative stress.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.17-39
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• 2008

This study aims to decrease aggressiveness and anger of neglected children through anger-control music program. In this study, 4 neglected children were provided with 15 anger-control music programs for 30 minutes twice a week. Based on anger-control program, song writing and music therapy such as playing musical instruments were applied to the children according to the objective of each stage of the program. The changes in aggressiveness and anger were measured, and the behaviors of the participants during the musical activity were analysed. According to the analysis of the data, the anger-control music program proved to be effective in reducing aggressiveness and anger of the neglected children. What this result means is that the neglected children, who lack social skills and confidence, are able to express their emotions without difficulty and anxiety by playing musical instruments and singing songs.