• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.525-530
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• 2021

The cultivation in sawdust media, mushroom productivity, and fruiting body characteristics of Lentinula edodes strains NIFoS 2778 and NIFoS 3363 were compared according to the inoculation conditions. The cultivation period was 5% shorter when liquid spawn was used. Fruiting bodies were induced after 113 days of incubation on media inoculated with liquid spawn, and the cultivation period was 119 days on media inoculated with solid spawn. Mushroom productivity of NIFoS 2778 was the highest (661.4 g) when 36 mL of liquid spawn was used. For NIFoS 3363, mushroom production was higher under liquid inoculation conditions when the same amount of liquid and solid spawns were used. The mushroom characteristics of the two strains were not significantly different, except for gill width and stipe diameter.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.29-29
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• 2018

Sparassis latifolia is called "Cauliflower Mushroom" and is known as an edible mushroom that has high content of ${\beta}$-glucan. Recently, artificial cultivation of S. latifolia has been done by bottle, plastic bag and wood cultivation in Korea. However it is not widely used because there are low incubation ratio and yield. For the high efficiency of production, we aim to find the superior strains and media for better mycelial and fruit body growth. First, we analyzed the genetic relationship among 31 strains and divided five groups with three kinds of URP primers. And then ten strains were selected from five groups based on the experiment of mycelial growth. The suitability of media for mycelial growth was different according to media type. The suitable solid and liquid media for mycelial growth of S. latifolia isolates were PDA and M2, respectively. In addition, with regard to C/N ratio, the mycelial growth increased even until C/N 160. Second, we investigated the production of fruitbody of the strains by plastic bag cultivation. The substrate was mixed with larch sawdust, corn flour, and wheat flour (8:1:1, v/v). Moisture content of substrate was controlled by about 60% with 10% molasses solution. Out of 31 strains, 19 strains formed primordia. The eight strains produced more than 140g/1kg in fresh weight. Third, molasses culture media was selected for the mycelial growth. And molasses suitable sugar content and input aeration were around 8Brix% and 0.3~0.6vvm, respectively. The longer the incubation period is, the more dried weight of mycelia increased, but medium volume decreased. Therefore, the best incubation period was 9 to 11 days depending on strains. In the future, research project entitled development of culture system and new variety for stable production of S. latifolia will be considered as a new item.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.31-36
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• 2005

Cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis crispa) is an edible mushroom that shows remarkably high contents of $1,3-{\beta}-D-glucan$ compared to other edible mushrooms. The mushroom is known to give high antitumor and immunologic activities, thus the mushroom is recently cultivated in Japan and Korea. However, cultivation methods are being kept in secret or under patents by some companies with complicated procedures. This study was conducted to solve the problem by providing a simple method for the cultivation of cauliflower mushroom. We could produce the mushroom using sawdust-based media of Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and P. koraiensis with addition of barley flours and sugar. The ratio of the sawdust : barley flours : sugar used for this study was 80:20:3 in dry-weight base, and the water content was adjusted as 65%. The productivity was somewhat different among the species of sawdust media and the strains of Sparassis crispa for the cultivation, and the mushroom production reached up to 177g from 650g base(productivity : 27%). Thus, this medium is strongly recommended as a practical cultivation method for cauliflower mushroom. By the way, further study for the determination of adequate concentration of barley flour and the selection of proper strain for each sawdust species is needed.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2014

The effectiveness of three kinds of enzymes (chitinase, ${\beta}$-glucuronidase, and lysing enzyme complex), employed as elicitors to enhance the ${\beta}$-glucan content in the sawdust-based cultivation of cauliflower mushroom (Sparassis latifolia), was examined. The elicitors were applied to the cauliflower mushroom after primordium formation, by spraying the enzyme solutions at three different levels on the sawdust-based medium. Mycelial growth was fully accomplished by the treatments, but the metabolic process during the growth of fruiting bodies was affected. The application of a lysing enzyme resulted in an increase in the ${\beta}$-glucan concentration by up to 31% compared to that of the control. However, the treatment resulted in a decrease in mushroom yield, which necessitated the need to evaluate its economic efficiency. Although we still need to develop a more efficient way for using elicitors to enhance functional metabolites in mushroom cultivation, the results indicate that the elicitation technique can be applied in the cultivation of medicinal/edible mushrooms.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.342-346
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• 2018

The temperature and humidity of 49 greenhouses for oak mushroom cultivation were investigated for 5 years to analyze the trends in the change of these parameters according to the climate change in Korea. The 5-year average temperature and humidity were $24.7^{\circ}C$ and 60.5%, respectively, in sawdust media-based cultivation houses and $24.4^{\circ}C$ and 60.0%, respectively, in log-bed cultivation houses. The average temperature in the summer was $29.8^{\circ}C$ in 2016, $29.1^{\circ}C$ in 2017, and $33.3^{\circ}C$ in 2018 in the log-bed cultivation houses and $26.8^{\circ}C$ in 2016, $20.4^{\circ}C$ in 2017, and $24.2^{\circ}C$ in 2018 in the sawdust media-based cultivation houses. During the investigation, temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$ were detected in one cultivation house in spring and five such houses in summer. When classifying by cultivation type, temperatures over $30^{\circ}C$ were found in five log-bed cultivation houses and temperatures less than $20^{\circ}C$ were found in four log-bed cultivation houses in fall. This study shows that log-bed cultivation houses for oak mushroom need to be modified to cope with the climate change.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.25 no.4 s.83
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• pp.268-275
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• 1997

High prices of raw materials used as media for the mushroom cultivation increased the cost of commercial production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). In this study, garlic peels (Allium sativum f. pekinese) as an agricultural by-product were investigated to replace the saw dust for the bottle cultivation of oyster mushroom. Mycelial growth of oyster mushroom were examined by the extracts made from the sawdust, rice bran and garlic peels. The mycelial growth was very poor in the agar media containing the extracts of sawdust or garlic peels, but was good when those of the rice bran were added. In the polypropylene bottle experiment, the sawdust medium which ammended with minerals vitamin was essential for the production of the mushroom fruitbodies. The rice bran was considered to stimulate the mycelial growth, but not the development of basidiocarps. The garlic peel was not a factor to stimulate the production of mushroom fruitbodies, but a raw material ammended with the rice bran produced much amounts of mushroom. In this work, garlic peels ($10{\sim}70%$ v/v) added to the mixture of sawdust and rice bran (4 : 1, v/v) was considered to help the productions of mushroom fruitbodies. Based on the result, the replacement of expensive saw dust with inexpensive garlic peels was a good example to reduce production cost of the bottle cultivation of mushroom.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.674-683
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• 2019

Some species of the Trichoderma genus are reported as the major problem in oak wood mushroom production in Korea. In spite of economic loss by the fungi, scientific information on airborne Trichoderma species is not much available. To generate information for disease management development we analyzed airborne Trichoderma. A total of 1,063 fungal isolates were purely obtained from indoor air sampling of cultivation houses used for oak wood mushroom using sawdust media. Among the obtained isolates, 248 isolates were identified as Trichoderma fungi including T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. citrinoviride, and T. pseudokoningii, by morphological and molecular analysis. T. harzianum was dominant among the four identified species. All the four Trichoderma species grew fast on solid nutrient media tested (potato dextrose agar [PDA], malt extract agar [MEA], Czapek's Dox + yeast extract agar [CYA] and cornmeal dextrose agar). Compact mycelia growth and mass spore production were better on PDA and CYA. In addition, T. harzianum and T. citrinoviride formed greenish and yellowish mycelium and spores on PDA and CYA. Greenish and yellowish pigment was saturated into PDA only by T. pseudokoningii. These four Trichoderma species could produce extracellular enzymes of sawdust substrate degradation such as β-glucosidase, avicelase, CM-cellulase, amylase, pectinase, xylanase, and protease. Their mycelia inhibited the growth of oak wood mushroom mycelia of two tested cultivars on dual culture assay. Among of eleven antifungal agents tested, benomyl was the best to inhibit the growth of the four Trichoderma species. Our results demonstrate that the airborne Trichoderma fungi need to be properly managed in the cultivation houses for safe mushroom production.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1993

To increase the production of mushrooms and the economic efficiency of mushroom cultivation, the pinchips(PC) and sawdusts(SD) of three Korean oak species were tested as cultivating media for Lentinus edodes with varing the composition of the media. The results are as follows. 1. Organic acids(tannic acid and citric acid), which were added in the PC medium to enrich the quality of mushrooms, did not increase the growths of the mycelia and the quality. 2. The mushrooms were able to be harvrested from six months after beginning the cultivation. No significant differences were found among the qualities of the mushrooms produced by various treatments. 3. The production rate of mushroom was relatively high with, 28.4~29.3% (700~730gr./2,500gr pack). The net profit estimated was about 1,450 won per pack.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

Shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) is usually cultivated on the oak log. Log cultivation of this mushroom is getting difficult to get oak logs and has a weak point of its long cultivation period. Recently sawdust cultivation is getting increase. It is important to make mycelia browning on the substrate surface. This browned surface in sawdust cultivation plays an important role like as artificial bark of the oak log, which protects the other pests and suppresses water evaporation in the substrate. The period for mycelia browning is so long that the sawdust cultivation of Shiitake mushroom can not spread well into the mushroom farms. The development of methods for the rapid mycelia browning is quite required. In this article we would like to find cultural characteristics of collected strains and to see the correlation with mycelial browning. Mycelial growth in the media was different according to kinds of media and strains. The optimal temperature on mycelial growth was $20-25^{\circ}C$. Browning patterns of mycelium under 200 Lux seemed to be used for a key to differentiate the strains for sawdust cultivation. Browning period was 30-40 days in the agar media and 70-100 days in the sawdust bag cultivation. When we considered the productivity and the other characteristics, ASI 3046 is the best for the bag cultivation. Significance between mycelial growth and browning was not accepted, but that of mycelial growth between on PDA and sawdust was accepted. Browning period on the PDA and sawdust showed a strong relationships. These results suggested that the browning habits could not be depend on the difference of media, but on their own properties. To select the strain showed fast browning can be done by using agar media for saving time.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 1987

Twelve species of fungi were isolated from rice straw media for oyster mushroom cultivation. Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus were the predominant fungi. Seven species of Trichoderma were isolated and identified from the rice straw media and the order of their frequency in the media was pseudokonigii, aureoviride, viride, harzianum and koningii. Occurrence of harmful fungi in mushroom houses become more severe as the number of cultivation times increased, and that was more severe in spring culture than in autumn culture. Mycelial growth and sporulation of Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Rhizopus were fovorable on the media appended with extracts of rice straws and oyster mushrooms. This results indicate that the rice straw media and mushrooms give favorable conditions for the occurrence of the fungi in the mushroom houses. Mycelial growth of Trichoderma spp. was favorable on saw­dust extraction media and rice bran extraction media, and the spawns inoculated at the mushroom beds present media of the fungi.