• Title/Summary/Keyword: Muscle mass

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Inhibition of Corticosterone-induced Muscle Protein Synthesis by the Anabolic Steroid Nandrolone Phenylpropionate in Female Rats (아나보릭스테로이드인 Nandrolone Phenylpropionate가 암컷 쥐에서 코티코스테론에 의해 야기된 근육단백질 쇠퇴와 근육단백질 합성율 감소에 미치는 영향)

  • 주종재
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.29 no.8
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    • pp.867-873
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    • 1996
  • This study was undertaken to determine whether the anabolic steroid nandrolone phenylpropionate(NPP) can inhibit the muscle atrophy and reduction in muscle protein synthesis caused by glucocorticoids in female rates. Daily injections of 50mg/kg of corticosterone for eight days induced significant reductions in body weight gain and protein without affecting food intake. The mass, protein and RNA content, ratio of RNA to protein, and fractional rate of protein synthesis, measured in vivo, of gastrocnemius muscle were all significantly reduced by corticosterone treatement. Simultaneous administration of NPP at a dose of 10mg/kg with corticosteorne (50mg/kg) fully inhibited the reductions in the mass, protein and RNA content of gastrocnemius muscle, and body weight gain and protein with no alteration in food intake but the reduction in fractional rate of muscle protein syntheis was only partially prevented. The results indicate that the anabolic steroid nandrolone phenylpropionate is capable of preventing muscle atrophy in female rats treated with excess corticosterion.

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The Relationship Between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women (폐경 후 여성에서 체성분과 골밀도와의 관계)

  • Chae, Jin-Wook;Kim, Il-Hoe;Kwon, Woo-Sung;Lee, Keun-Mi;Jung, Seung-Pil;Moon, Yong
    • Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2003
  • Background: Body weight is an important factor that influence the bone density in postmenopausal women except estrogen dificiency. However, different results are reported about the relationship between body composition and bone density in the postmenopausal women. We have studied the relationship between age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR), muscle mass, fat mass, fat free mass and bone density. Materials and Methods: We have studied 127 persons of postmenopausal women who visited university medical center and examined the inbody 3.0 and Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) from Jan, 2001 to Jun, 2002. they didn't have any disease and didn't received hormone therapy, osteoporosis therapy or other medication that influence the bone density. Results: The numbers of study subjects is total 127 persons. Mean age is $56.9{\pm}5.14$, mean weight is $59.3{\pm}8.7kg$, mean BMI is $25.37{\pm}3.16(kg/m^2)$, mean fat mass is $20.02{\pm}5.05kg$, mean muscle mass is $37.49{\pm}4.50kg$, mean fat free mass is $39.80{\pm}4.70$, mean BMD is $0.828{\pm}0.148(g/cm^2$). In the result of linear regression analysis, age, height, weight, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass, BMI are significant determinants of BMD. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, age is the most significant determinant of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among body composition. Conclusion: In postmenopausal women, age, height, weight, BMI, muscle mass, fat free mass, fat mass are significant determinants of BMD and besides age, fat free mass is the most significant determinant of BMD among the body composition. So, diet and exercise that increase fat free mass will contribute to bone density increment.

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Intraoral Removal of Submental Epidermoid Cyst Extended Inferior to Mylohyoid Muscle (악설골근 하부까지 연장된 이악하부 표피양 낭종의 구강내 적출 1례)

  • Lee, Joon-Kyoo;Cho, Hyu-Chae;Yoon, Tae-Mi;Lim, Sang-Chul
    • Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.211-213
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    • 2008
  • Epidermoid cysts located in floor of mouth can be easily removed intraorally. The cysts inferior to mylohyoid muscle have been excised transcervically. However, an intraoral removal of a cyst extended inferior to mylohyoid muscle has not been reported yet. A 20-year-old female visited to the hospital with a cystic mass in submental region. Neck computed tomography revealed a 6.0${\times}$4.3cm sized circumscribed cystic mass in midline of submental area. The cyst lied external to the genioglossal and geniohyoid muscle, extending inferior to mylohyoid muscle. The mass was removed successfully by intraoral approach. It was performed under the exposure by the division of genioglossal and geniohyoid muscle, traction of the cystic wall after aspiration of the cyst, and digital compression externally.

Isolated temporalis muscle metastasis of renal cell carcinoma

  • Lee, Da Woon;Ryu, Hyeong Rae;Kim, Jun Hyuk;Choi, Hwan Jun;Ahn, Hyein
    • Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.66-70
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    • 2021
  • Isolated head and neck metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is relatively rare and metastasis to the temple area is very rare. Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man who was diagnosed with RCC 2 years earlier and had a contralateral metastatic temple area lesion. The patient who was diagnosed with renal cell cancer and underwent a nephrectomy 2 years ago was referred to the plastic surgery department for a temple mass on the contralateral side. In the operative field, the mass was located in the temporalis muscle with a red-to-purple protruding shape. Biopsy of the mass revealed a metastatic RCC lesion. Computed tomography imaging showed a lobulated, contoured enhancing lesion. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging showed high-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the right temporalis muscle. The patient underwent wide excision of the metastatic RCC including the temporalis muscle at the plastic surgery department. Skeletal muscle metastasis of head and neck lesions is extremely rare in RCC. Isolated contralateral temporalis muscle metastasis in RCC has not been previously reported in the literature. If a patient has a history of malignant cancer, plastic surgeons should always consider metastatic lesions of head and neck tumors. Because of its high metastatic ability and poor prognosis, it is very important to keep this case in mind.

Effects of Resistance Exercise for 12-weeks on Body Composition, Circumference and Muscle Activity by Age

  • Sang Hyun Lee
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.184-192
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    • 2023
  • The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the body composition, muscle circumference, and muscle activity of men in their 30s and 50s when the resistance exercise program was applied for 12 weeks, and to provide basic data for the preparation of the resistance exercise program for middle-aged men before entering old age. Nine men in their 30s and eleven 11 men in their 50s participated in the moderate intensity resistance exercise program for 12 weeks. Two weeks before the experiment, body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were pre-tested, and then body composition and muscle circumference were additionally measured at the 8th week. Body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were measured within 2 weeks after the 12 week exercise program. The measured data were compared and analyzed by Mixed design two-way ANOVA, and the following results were obtained. The body composition showed a significant difference only in the skeletal muscle mass, and it increased in the 30s group at 8 weeks. Muscle circumference did not show significant difference according to group and time. Muscle activity showed a significant difference according to group and time, and pectoralis major and triceps brachii showed a significant decrease to 30s group. The pectoralis major was higher in the 30s group at all times. In summary, when applying a 12-week resistance exercise program for young men and middle-aged men, the effect of improving muscle strength may appear similar, but they are not consistent, and it is thought that gradual changes in training variables are needed to improve muscle mass.

The passive stretching, massage, and muscle energy technique effects on range of motion, strength, and pressure pain threshold in musculoskeletal neck pain of young adults

  • Jeong, Hye Mi;Shim, Jae-Hoon;Suh, Hye Rim
    • Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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    • v.6 no.4
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    • pp.196-201
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    • 2017
  • Objective: Musculoskeletal neck pain have many symptoms which include decreased range of motion (ROM) and muscle strength, and increased pain. However, the management methods are controversial. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of three interventions on ROM, strength, and pressure pain threshold (PPT) with musculoskeletal neck pain. Design: Pretest-posttest design. Methods: Thirty subjects participated in this experiment. They were randomly assigned to thefollowing groups: passive stretching (PS) group (n=10), massage (MASS) group (n=10), and muscle energy technique (MET) group (n=10). The treatment were applied bilaterally on the upper trapezius. The PS was applied 3 times for 30 seconds each time. The MASS was applied using two different techniques for 2 minutes per technique. For MET, the subjects performed 2 sets of 3 repetitions of isometric resistance exercise that was maintained for 10 seconds, followed by 10 seconds of rest. ROM, strength, and PPT parameters were measured after intervention. Results: In the MASS group, there was a significant improvement in all outcomes except for muscle strength (p<0.05). In the MET group, ROM and strength significantly improved compared to the pre-treatment results (p<0.05). As result of measuring the amount of change in each group, there was a significant difference in ROM (flexion) in the PS group compared with the MASS and MET group, a significant difference in strength in the MET group compared with the PS and MASS groups, and a significant difference in PPT in the MASS groups compared with the PS and MET groups (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that PS, MASS, and MET are effective methods for improving ROM, strength, and PPT for musculoskeletal neck pain. Therefore, various therapeutic interventions for improving ROM, strength, and pain are suggested.

Changes in Biochemical Components of Several Tissues in Sinonovacula constricta, in Relation to Gonad Developmental Phases (가리맛조개, Sinonovacula constricta의 생식소 발달단계에 따른 일부 조직의 생화학적 성분 변화)

  • Han, Ji-Soo;Kim, Jong-Bae;Lee, Chang-Hoon;Chung, Ee-Yung
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.21 no.2 s.34
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    • pp.121-132
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    • 2005
  • We investigated the reproductive cycle with gonad developmental phases of Sinonovacula constricta by histological observations, and seasonal changes in biochemical component of the adductor muscle, visceral mass, foot muscle and mantle were studied by biochemical analysis, from January to December, 2004. The reproductive cycle of this species can be classifed into five successive stages: early active stage (March to May), late active stage (May to July), ripe stage (July to September), partially spawned stage (August to October) and spentfinactive stage (October to March). Total protein content was the highest in the following order: adductor muscle, visceral mass, foot muscle, and mantle. Except for mantle, it was generally higher during the ripe and spawning stages, while lower during the spent/inactive stage. There were positive correlations in total protein contents among adductor muscle, foot muscle, and visceral mass. However, the correlations were not statistically significant. Total lipid content was the highest in the visceral mass; it was more than 5 or 6-fold higher than those in the adductor muscle, foot muscle, or mantle. The monthly change was also most dynamic in the visceral mass. It first Increased during the early active stage (March to May), decreased during late active stage (May to July), and then increased again rapidly during the spawning stage (September). There were a strong negative correlation in total lipid contents between foot muscle and adductor muscle (r = -0.634, p = 0.027), and a strong positive correlation between adductor muscle and mantle (r = 0.665, p = 0.018). Glycogen contents showed more or less similar pattern to total lipid contents in the adductor muscle, foot muscle, and visceral mass. It was higher during the early active and spawning stages, while lower during the late active and spent/inactive stages. There was no statistically significant correlation in glycogen contents among different tissues. Especially, total lipid content showed a negative correlationship between the foot muscle, adductor muscle, visceral mass and mantle. Therefore, these results indicate that the nutrient content of the foot muscle, adductor muscle, viseral mass and mantle changed in response to gonadal energy needs.

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Muscle Mass Changes After Daily Consumption of Protein Mix Supplemented With Vitamin D in Adults Over 50 Years of Age: Subgroup Analysis According to the Serum 25(OH)D Levels of a Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Yeji Kang;Namhee Kim;Yunhwan Lee;Xiangxue An;Yoon-Sok Chung;Yoo Kyoung Park
    • Clinical Nutrition Research
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.184-198
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    • 2023
  • Early prevention of sarcopenia can be an important strategy for muscle maintenance, but most studies target subjects at slightly pre-sarcopenic state. Our previous paper describes the effect of protein supplements rich in leucine and vitamin D on muscle condition, and in this paper, we performed a sub-analysis to evaluate who benefitted the most in terms of improvement in muscle health. A 12-week randomized clinical trial of 120 healthy adults (aged 50 to 80) assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60) were analyzed. Subjects in the intervention group received, twice per day, a protein supplement containing (per serving) 800 IU of vitamin D, 20 g of protein (3 g of total leucine), 300 mg of calcium, 1.1 g of fat, and 2.5 g of carbohydrate. The subjects were classified into 'insufficient' and 'sufficient' groups at 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) value of 30 ng/mL. The skeletal muscle mass index normalized to the square of the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) height (kg/m2) increased significantly in the 'insufficient group' difference value of change between weeks 0 and 12 (Δ1.07 ± 2.20; p = 0.037). The SMM normalized by body weight (kg/kg, %) was higher, but not significantly, in the insufficient group (Δ0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.050). For people with insufficient (serum 25[OH]D), supplemental intake of protein and vitamin D, calcium, and leucine and adequate energy intake increases muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults and would be likely to exert a beneficial effect on muscle health.

Regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by amino acid and resistance exercise

  • Nakai, Naoya
    • Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.153-161
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    • 2011
  • The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass is very important for the prevention of life style-related diseases and the improvement of quality of life. It is well-known that resistance exercise and nutrition (especially amino acids) are the most effective interventions for maintaining skeletal muscle mass. It has been reported that many molecules are involved in the regulation of protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise and nutrition. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating muscle protein synthesis is crucial for the development of appropriate interventions. The role of intracellular signaling pathways through the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protein kinase in the regulation of muscle protein synthesis, has been extensively investigated for these years. Control of protein synthesis by mTOR is mediated through phosphorylation of downstream targets that modulate translation initiation and elongation step. In contrast, upstream mediators regulating mTOR and protein synthesis in response to resistance exercise and amino acid still needed to be determined. In this brief review, we discuss the current progress of intracellular mechanisms for exercise- and amino acid-induced activation of mTOR pathways and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.

Relationship between Fat-Free Mass and Grip Strength, Nutrient Intakes, Exercise Behavior in Middle- and Old-Aged Women (중년기, 노년기 여성에서 무지방조직과 악력, 식이섭취 및 운동습관과의 관계)

  • 이옥희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.449-457
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    • 2001
  • This study was performed to show change of fat-free mass(FFM), representing mostly the muscle mass change, and muscle strength with increasing age, and relationship between dietary, exercise behaviors and FFM in healthy middle-and old aged women who are of age over 55 years. The FFM and correspondingly hand grip strength showed significant positive correlation with age. But concentration of serum albumin showed no significant relationship with age. The subjects were categorized into groups according to FFM tertile. The anthropometry such as weight, BMI, fat mass, circumferences of waist and hip, WHR, and hand grip strength decreased significantly in the lowest FFM group. But the albumin level showed no change according to FFM level. The FFM showed significant correlation with nutrient intakes such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, Fe, P, Ca. No association, however, was shown with exercise behavior probably because of no case with resistance exercise habits. The variance of FFM was explained 55.2% by height and carbohydrate intake. The variance of height-adjusted FFM could be explained only 16.2% by intake amount of carbohydrate. In conclusion, the decrease of FFM may cause to reduce muscle strength in female elderly. The increasing nutrient intakes were associated with the increased FFM and may protect from risk of sarcopenia. However, only the carbohydrate intake could influence independently the FFM in middle- and old-aged women. The FFM has no association with endurance exercise habits. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 449∼457, 2001)

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