Clinical Nutrition Research

The Korean Society of Clinical Nutrition (한국임상영양학회)
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Muscle Mass Changes After Daily Consumption of Protein Mix Supplemented With Vitamin D in Adults Over 50 Years of Age: Subgroup Analysis According to the Serum 25(OH)D Levels of a Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Yeji Kang (Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Namhee Kim (Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Yunhwan Lee (Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Xiangxue An (R&D Group, Maeil Health Nutrition Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Yoon-Sok Chung (Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine) ;
  • Yoo Kyoung Park (Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University)
  • Received : 2022.12.23
  • Accepted : 2023.06.22
  • Published : 2023.07.31
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Abstract

Early prevention of sarcopenia can be an important strategy for muscle maintenance, but most studies target subjects at slightly pre-sarcopenic state. Our previous paper describes the effect of protein supplements rich in leucine and vitamin D on muscle condition, and in this paper, we performed a sub-analysis to evaluate who benefitted the most in terms of improvement in muscle health. A 12-week randomized clinical trial of 120 healthy adults (aged 50 to 80) assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60) were analyzed. Subjects in the intervention group received, twice per day, a protein supplement containing (per serving) 800 IU of vitamin D, 20 g of protein (3 g of total leucine), 300 mg of calcium, 1.1 g of fat, and 2.5 g of carbohydrate. The subjects were classified into 'insufficient' and 'sufficient' groups at 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) value of 30 ng/mL. The skeletal muscle mass index normalized to the square of the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) height (kg/m2) increased significantly in the 'insufficient group' difference value of change between weeks 0 and 12 (Δ1.07 ± 2.20; p = 0.037). The SMM normalized by body weight (kg/kg, %) was higher, but not significantly, in the insufficient group (Δ0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.050). For people with insufficient (serum 25[OH]D), supplemental intake of protein and vitamin D, calcium, and leucine and adequate energy intake increases muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults and would be likely to exert a beneficial effect on muscle health.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors are grateful for helping with the interventions of the study participants. Thanks to the following people for their help: Kyung Bae Yoon, Su Ryun Lee, and Dong Eun Kim.

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