• Title/Summary/Keyword: Municipal wastes

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Characteristics of Stabilization of Excavated Solid Wastes by Aerobic and Anaerobic Landfilling (호기 및 혐기매립에 의한 굴착폐기물의 안정화 특성 연구)

  • Park, Jin-Kyu;Oh, Dong Ik;Lee, Nam-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2004
  • Anaerobic decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) had potential adverse impacts such as the production of methane and long-term post closure on human health and the environment. It was demonstrated that aerobic degradation of MSW resulted in the reduction of a methane yield and the enhancement of stabilization of MSW. Excavated solid wastes were both aerobically and anaerobically treated in order to evaluate the effects of air injection on the stabilization of landfill site. The municipal solid waste (MSW) samples were excavated from a 10-year old landfill (operation period: 1991. 11~1994. 11), Jeonju, Korea. Excavated municipal solid wastes are primarily composed of soils and vinyl/plastics. For the two aerobic simulated lysimeters, the levels of $O_2$ ranged 1.6~23.1% and the levels of $CO_2$ ranged 1.5~15.1%, which confirmed the aerobic decomposition. Aeration did prevent methane formation. For the anaerobic simulated lysimeter, the $CO_2$ rose as $O_2$ was consumed and low levels of CH4 were produced. The pH levels ranged from 7.7 to 8.9 for anaerobic lysimeter and from 7.3 to 8.5 for aerobic lysimeters. As expected, aerobic treatment proved to enhance the removal of biodegradable materials in the excavated solid wastes when monitoring the concentration of BOD, COD, $NH_4-N$, and $NO_3-N$ in the leachate.

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A Pilot Study on Emissions of Air Pollutants Produced from Incineration of Some Municipal Solid Wastes

  • Kim, Haen-Gah;Lee, Byeong-Kyu;Cho, Jung-Bum
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.22 no.E2
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    • pp.49-56
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    • 2006
  • This pilot study focuses on emissions characterization of air pollutants produced from incineration of some municipal solid wastes (MSWs). The MSWs incinerated by an electric furnace maintained up to $600^{\circ}C$ included food, paper, and plastic wastes. The pollutants analyzed in this study included concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), bottom ash contents, and heavy metals extracted from the bottom ash of each waste. The VOCs identified were classified based on their chemical structure. The total emissions of VOCs produced from incineration of the papers were identified as the highest followed by those from the plastics and the food wastes. Aliphatic alkenes were major VOC compounds produced from incineration of plastic or food wastes, while furans were major VOCs produced from incineration of papers. The second major VOCs produced from incineration of food, plastics, and papers were aromatics. In particular, hazardous air pollutants such as benzene were produced with considerable amount of emission concentration. The bottom ash contents of papers were usually much higher than those of food or plastic wastes. The bottom ash contents produced from incineration of food and plastics were much lower than those of other MSWs. In analysis of heavy metals extracted by an ultrasonic method from the bottom ashes of the papers, high concentrations of heavy metals were identified from incineration of newspapers and box (cardboard). In addition, it was identified that the general public might be exposed to considerable amounts of lead concentrations during incineration processes and uses of paper cup and from ashes.

The Physico-chemical Characteristics of Municipal Solid Wastes from Four Different Sources in Daegu City (대구시의 지역별 생활쓰레기 성상 및 특성)

  • No, Sook-Hyun;Lee, Dong-Hoon;Choi, Chung-Ryul;Park, Man;Park, Byung-Yoon;Choi, Jung
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.12 no.4
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    • pp.461-467
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    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to provide the basic information to know reasonable method f3r the removal and treatment of municipal solid wastes(MSWs). MSWs four different sources(apartment residence, commerce, office/industry) in Daegu city were collected, and bulk density, physical composition, moisture, combustible, ash, elements and heating values were investigated. The values of bulk density were at range of 0.30∼0.41ton/m$^3$. The percentages of foods, papers, vinyls/plastics, textiles, rubbers/leathers, metals and glasses/ceramics of wet muncipal solid wastes from three sources except office/industry were at range of 27.3∼46.4%, 21.2∼38.4%, 10.3∼11.9%, 3.8∼5.2%, 0.5∼1.7%, 6.9∼8.7% and 1.9∼2.6% respectively. The percentages of papers, foods, vinyls/plastics, textiles, rubbers/leathers, metals and glasses/ceramics of dry muncipal solid wastes from three sources except office/industry were at range of 21.1∼40.4%, 14.2∼30.1%, 15.2∼17.8%, 4.0∼6.0%, 0.9∼2.8%, 12.2∼14.1% and 3.1∼3.7% respectively. The moisture contents of foods, woods, textiles and papers in wastes were at range of 65.7∼76.2%, 34.6∼50.0%, 22.2∼44.8 and 30.6∼44.4% respectively. The carbon contents of vinyls/plastics, rubbers/leathers, textiles, woods, papers and foods in wastes were at range of 75.88∼79.87%, 58.24∼70.74%, 45.23∼51.63%, 42.29∼45.58%, 40.19∼48.4% and 25.86∼36.25% respectively. The low heating values of foods, papers, woods, textiles, rubbers/leathers and vinyls/plastics by Dulong's law were at range of 178∼1,353kcal/kg, 770∼1,660kcal/kg, 995∼1,629kcal/kg, 2,133∼2,432kca1/kg, 4,200∼7,275 kcal/kg and 6,384∼8,722kcal/kg respectively, and the high heating values of them were at range of 782∼2,056 kcal/kg, 2,459∼3,314kca1/kg, 3,056∼3,592kcal/kg, 4,381∼5,087kca1/kg, 5,005∼8,066kca1/kg and 10,032∼10,739 kcal/kg respectively.

The Production of Alcohol from Municipal Waste(I) -The Changes of Components of the Pretreated Lignocellulosic Biomass- (도시 폐기물로부터 알콜생산(I) - 전처리된 lignocellulosic biomass의 조성분 변화 -)

  • Lim, Bu-Kug;Yang, Jae-Kyung;Jang, Jun-Pok;Lee, Jong-Yoon
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 1994
  • In recent years, the municipal wastes recognized resources. This study was performed to survey the changes of main components of the pretreated(chemical, physical) lignocellulosic biomass. The result can be summerized as follows; In pulp fiber composition, newsprint and corrugating container were mainly consist of softwood fiber(tracheid). But computer print out and magazine had a large amount of hardwood fiber(wood fiber). And, carbohydrate content in the various lignocellulosic biomass increases as the following orders : Magazine < Newsprint < Corrugating container < Computer print out. In the chemical pretreatments for the delignification, sodium hypochlorite pretreatment was more effective than sodium hydroxide. By washing, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was decreased. Physical pretreatments were less effective than chemical pretreatment for the delignification. On the other hand, in physical pretreatments, ash content of lignocellulosic biomass was the same tendency as in the chemical pretreatments.

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A Study on the Component Analysis of Municipal Solid Wastes and the Effect of Landfill Leachate on the Evironment (폐기물 성상분석과 매립장 침출수가 환경에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 윤오섭
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.58-62
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    • 1992
  • The objective of this study is to investigate the generation rates, composition, propertion and lower heating values of each material in the municipal solid wastes(MSW) as well as the effect of landfill leachate on the environment in Taejon. The results are as follows: 1. The annual average generation rate of MSW in Taejon is approximately 1.7kg/c.d. 2. The weight percent of combustible matters is on average 80 and the lower heating value of MSW is measured to be more than 1,700 kcal/kg after removing the briquette component. 3. It is necessary for us to take a proper management system for leachate treatment in the landfill because it has many problems in the sewage and groundwater. 4. It is recommeded that MSW be treated by multiple methods such as the sanitary landfill, resources and recovery, composting and incineration.

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Comments on waste to energy technologies in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

  • Shareefdeen, Zarook;Youssef, Norhan;Taha, Ahmed;Masoud, Catherine
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.129-134
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    • 2020
  • The main reason that drives many developing countries to pursue waste-to-energy (WtE) technologies is that it produces energy while eliminating build-up of large quantities of wastes, at a time, when oil and gas reserves are declining. The rate of generation of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in any given country depends on many factors including economy, population, and modernization of industry and infrastructure developments. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven emirates that has grown to be one of the Middle East's most important economic centers. UAE has also become one of the highest waste producing countries due to fast development and growth; thus, UAE pursue modern technologies to covert generated wastes into energy. In this communication, the status of on-going waste to energy projects and WtE plants that are currently under design and construction in UAE are discussed. The need for development of WtE technologies is presented based on the literature, reports, economics and the environmental regulations.

Effect of Moisture on Stabilization of Municipal Solid Wastes in Anaerobic Landfill (혐기성 폐기물매립지에 있어서 수분이 매립폐기물의 안정화에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Hye-Jin;Kim, Joung-Ho;Oh, Dong-Ik;Kim, Seok-Chan;Lee, Nam-Hoon;Kim, Nack-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 2005
  • Landfilling is most widely used as the final disposal tool of solid wastes. Solid wastes landfilled are stabilized by microbial degradation which is affected by several factors such as moisture, oxygen, pH, alkalinity, sulphate, nutrient, inhibitor, hydrogen, and temperature. Especially moisture plays a major role in microbial degradation. In this study, the effects of moisture on the degradation of municipal solids waste (MSW) were investigated. Four lysimeters with four different levels of moisture content i.e., 20, 30, 40, and 50% were operated; lysimeters were packed with MSW, and anaerobically operated. Anaerobic lysimeters with higher moisture content produced more $CO_2$ and landfill gases (LFG). It means that the moisture has a positive effect on the microbial degradation.

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The Study of Physico-chemcal Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Gangwon Area (강원지역 도시폐기물의 물리·화학적 특성 연구)

  • Lee, Keon-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.101-111
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    • 2009
  • In this study, the physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste (MWS) which was treated in gangwon area were investigated. It is necessary to measure the characteristics of municipal solid waste for build a waste treatment and RDF facility and for data-base and total managing of the landfill. It was found that the average density of solid wastes is in the range of $101.8{\sim}199.8kg/m^3$. This MSW was composed of 30.7% of food wastes, 36.3% of papers, 15.8% of plastics & vinyls, 1.9% of textiles, 3.2% of wood and 1.5% of rubber & leathers respectively. Most of MSW are composed of food, paper and plastic waste and the combustible waste is more than 90%. For three components, moisture is 44.6%, combustible component is 47.7% and ash is 7.7% respectively. The chemical elements are carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen on the dry basis of wastes. The low heating value of the MSW measured by calorimeter was obtained as 2,631 kcal/kg, and the high heating value of the MSW was obtained as 3,310 kcal/kg.

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Status of Technology development of RDF for municipal wastes in Korea (국내 생활폐기물 RDF 기술개발 동향)

  • Lee, Ha-Baik;Choi, Yeon-Seok
    • 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2007.06a
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    • pp.705-708
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    • 2007
  • RDF means Refuse Derived Fuel, it is made pellets with combustible materials in municipal waste and RDF use a renewable energy instead with natural coal. RDF Technology is a essential one to treat municipal waste steadily and secure a energy source in Korea. Already RDF Technology commercialize in Japan, USA, Europe and there are many of RDF production plants and utilization facilities. The first RDF plant was constructed in Wonju Korea in October 2006 and is good operation. Government accelerate establishment of concerning laws and support to develop technology and spread RDF plants and utilization facilities.

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