• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.471-480
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• 2013

The beating of two or more lasers that have the same or a finite difference in the central frequencies, is the main source of noise in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC OCDMA) systems. In this paper we adopt a spatial multiplexing (SM) scheme for SAC OCDMA systems to mitigate this beat noise. The results show that for different code weights and different data rates SM SAC can support a larger number of users than the conventional SAC for all different laser source configurations. However, SM SAC requires a more complex system than the conventional SAC, and almost twice as much optical component.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

This paper presents an optical technique for the three-dimensional (3D) shape inspection of micro solder balls used in ball-grid array (BGA) packaging. The proposed technique uses an optical source composed of spatially arranged light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the results are derived based on the specular reflection characteristics of the micro solder balls for BGA A vision system comprising a camera and LEDs is designed to capture the reflected images of multiple solder balls arranged arbitrarily on a tray and the locations of the LED point-light-source reflections in each ball are determined via image processing, for shape inspection. The proposed methodology aims to determine the presence of defects in 3D BGA shape using the statistical information of the relative positions of multiple BGA balls, which are included in the image. The presence of the BGA balls with large deviations in relative position imply the inconsistencies in their shape. Experiments were conducted to verify that the proposed method could be applied to inspection without sophisticated mechanism and productivity problem.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.419-424
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• 2017

수중 음원의 위치를 추정하기 위해 도달 시간차와 도달 방향이 활용될 수 있다. 하지만 위치 추정 성능은 표적과 수신단 사이의 상대적인 위치, 수신기들의 기하학적인 배치 구조 및 음속 등에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 추정된 다수의 표적 정보들을 조합하여 위치 추정 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법은 도달 시간차, 도달 방향 및 음속 값을 변수로 사용하며, 비선형 최적화 과정 가운데 하나인 LM(Levenberg-Marquardt) 방법이 적용되었다. 제안된 방법의 성능은 모의실험을 통해 분석되었다. 결과에서 제안된 방법의 평균 위치 추정 오차가 기존의 방법을 사용한 경우보다 낮게 나타났다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권8A호
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• pp.679-687
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• 2005

MANET 이란 이동 노드들이 기반 구조의 도움 없이 서로 통신하는 네트워크를 말한다. 이러한 네트워크는 무선 자원이 한정적이고, 노드의 이동성으로 인하여 통신을 원하는 노드 사이에 통신 선로를 구성하는데 많은 어려움이 따른다. 본 논문에서는 이동 노드의 위치 정보를 이용하여 격자 내에서 예상되는 생존 시간 정보를 산출하고, 그 정보를 이용하여 다음 게이트웨이를 소스에 기반을 두고 선출함으로써 효율적으로 통신 선로를 만들어 주는 방법을 제시한다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안된 SMGS 프로토콜은 각 격자마다 예상 생존 시간이 가장 큰 노드를 후보 노드로 선출하여 통신 설정시 실시간적으로 격자에 가장 오래 남을 수 있는 노드를 게이트웨이로 선출함으로써 게이트웨이 핸드 오프를 줄여주어 핸드 오프시 발생되는 패킷 손실 및 시간적 지연을 완화시켜 주고, 다중 게이트웨이를 생성시켜 게이트웨이에 통신이 집중되는 현상을 막아준다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2008

The cental magnetic field of an HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings can be increased if the magnet is excited by multiple power sources. Multiple power sources enable all pancake windings to conduct their critical currents. The HTS magnet consisting of pancake windings was excited by separate power sources in this paper. Critical currents of each pancake winding were determined by using optimization technique. Fabrication of the BSCCO magnet consisting of 10 pancake windings is described and test results of the BSCCO magnet are given. Central magnetic field and perpendicular magnetic field of the magnet excited by multiple power sources were compared with those of the magnet excited by a single power source.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.84-92
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• 1997

Among the various sources of vehicle interior noise, this paper concerns the road induced noise ; the identification of its transfer path by using experimental method. Multiple input and single output model is taken as a noise generation model. Because it is impossible to measure the road imput forces directly, the acceleration signals are measured on four axle;three directions for each point. By considering the cross correlations of input signals, four uncorrelated source groups are taken. Multiple coherence function is employed to investigate the contribution of each group. In addtion, to identify the detailed path through the suspension systems, the contributions of all possible paths are ranked by using the coherence functions between interior noise and the relative accelerations of connections such as bushings and mountings. Measurements are performed with passenger vehicle traveling on concrete and asphalt roads at 60㎞/h.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 G
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• pp.2473-2475
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• 1998

In this paper, we implemented RS232C serial communication by the 2 wires(Data,GND), and multiple access, by the applying Collision Sensing Multiple Access(CSMA) Protocol. Multiple access is implemented by assigning a unique ID to each controller. The multiple access control operation starts by sending a command packet from a host to another host and the command packet is composed of ID bytes of source and target host computer, data bytes and the check sum, byte. In host computer, after sending command packet, the collision from loop back data. If collision is detected, it means a command packet was collided with another command packet for another host. The packet communication of the controller enables the multiple acces of the controller through the common serial data link. The application of this serial communication through CSMA protocol and the usage of two wires, have an effect on saving the wires and convenient of layout work.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1620-1634
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• 2023

This paper studies the task of embedding nodes with multiple graphs representing multiple information channels, which is useful in a large volume of network clustering tasks. By learning a node using multiple graphs, various characteristics of the node can be represented and embedded stably. Existing studies using multi-channel networks have been conducted by integrating heterogeneous graphs or limiting common nodes appearing in multiple graphs to have similar embeddings. Although these methods effectively represent nodes, it also has limitations by assuming that all networks provide the same amount of information. This paper proposes a method to overcome these limitations; The proposed method gives different weights according to the source graph when embedding nodes; the characteristics of the graph with more important information can be reflected more in the node. To this end, a novel method incorporating a multi-channel gate layer is proposed to weigh more important channels and ignore unnecessary data to embed a node with multiple graphs. Empirical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multi-channel-based embedding methods.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 2008

Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, decay and outdoor levels. Although technologies exist to measure these factors, direct measurements are often difficult. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative method to characterize indoor environmental factors by multiple indoor and outdoor measurements. Using a mass balance model and regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by the sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) and source strength factor (source strength divided by the sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) were calculated using multiple indoor and outdoor measurements. Subsequently, the ventilation rate and $NO_2$ generation rate were estimated. Mean of ventilation rate was 1.41 ACH in houses, assuming a residential N02 deposition constant of 0.94 $hr^{-1}$. Mean generation rate of $NO_2$ was 16.5 ppbv/hr. According to house characterization, inside smoking and family number were higher $NO_2$ generation rates, and apartment was higher than single-family house. In conclusion, indoor environmental factors were effectively characterized by this method using multiple indoor and outdoor measurements.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.338-350
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• 2008

The differentiated services (DiffServ) is proposed to provide packet level service differentiations in a scalable manner. To provide an end-to-end service differentiation to users having a connection over multiple domains, as well as a flow marker, an intermediate marker is necessary at the edge routers, and it should not be operated at a flow level due to a scalability problem. Due to this operation requirement, the intermediate marker has a fairness problem among the transmission control protocol (TCP) flows since TCP flows have intrinsically unfair throughputs due to the TCP's congestion control algorithm. Moreover, it is very difficult to resolve this problem without individual flow state information such as round trip time (RTT) and sending rate of each flow. In this paper, to resolve this TCP fairness problem of an intermediate marker, we propose a fair scalable marker (FSM) as an intermediate marker which works with a source flow three color marker (sf-TCM) operating as a host source marker. The proposed fair scalable marker improves the fairness among the TCP flows with different RTTs without per-flow management. Through the simulations, we show that the FSM can improve TCP fairness as well as link utilization in multiple domain DiffServ networks.