• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.331-341
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• 2011

This paper considers an inbound lot-sizing and outbound dispatching problem for a single product in a thirdparty logistics (3PL) distribution center. Demands are dynamic and finite over the discrete time horizon, and moreover, each demand has a delivery time window which is the time interval with the dates between the earliest and the latest delivery dates All the product amounts must be delivered to the customer in the time window. Ordered products are shipped by multiple vehicle types and the freight cost is proportional to the vehicle-types and the number of vehicles used. First, we formulate a mixed integer programming model. Since it is difficult to solve the model as the size of real problem being very large, we design a conventional genetic algorithm with a local search heuristic (HGA) and an improved genetic algorithm called adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA). AGA spontaneously adjusts crossover and mutation rate depending upon the status of current population. Finally, we conduct some computational experiments to evaluate the performance of AGA with HGA.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.524-537
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of combinations of diverse methods notifying price discounts (i.e., reference price, odd price, and discount rate signs) and the relationships among product attribute perception, discount perception, attitude toward product, and purchase intention of product. Experiments were conducted where 12 stimuli of different price discount information notifications regarding T-shirt advertisements were presented to 352 informants. The results showed that notification of each type of discount information increased discount perception, whereas no effect due to the size of letters used in the discount rate notification was found. As more price discount information notifications were used, discount perception tended to become stronger. The results of ANOVA analysis show that both product attribute perception and discount perception affected attitude toward the product. In addition, product purchase intention was determined by attitude toward the product as well as price discount perception. Based on these findings, marketers may want to use a combination of methods of price discount notifications in advertisements to deliver price discount information clearly to consumers. Confirmation of discount information using multiple cues would help consumers to notice and perceive price discount information provided by retailers more effectively. Discount information is crucial for increasing both purchase intention and favorable attitude, therefore, diverse strategies regarding discount information presentations should be developed, tested and applied in the real world of retailing.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.758-769
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• 2021

Today, functional gloves must allow the wearer to perform many kinds of delicate work while protecting the hands from hazardous materials. In this study, multiple analyses of 3D hand measurements were performed to provide information on the hand size and shape required for the design of functional gloves for adult men. Size and shape characteristics were identified from 19 different hand measurements, and three factors were collected through factor analysis. The aggregated factor score was used to classify men's hand shapes into three types. These types showed different distribution patterns according to age, indicating a significant distribution difference between hand type and age group. Discriminant analysis extracted nine items that highly contributed to determining hand type. However, since the data provided by Size Korea have some limitations in fully representing hand shape, sampling additional types of hand measurements and using consistent conditions and methods are required for more accurate analysis.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 1994년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.141-148
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• 1994

In order to improve the productivity of cold forging at low production cost, an integrated system's approach is necessary in handling the material preparation and the optimum process design, considering the forming machines, tooling, and operation including quality control. As the first step toward this approach, an expert system for multi-stage cold forging process design for fasteners with various head geometries is developed using Prolog language on IBM 486 PC. For effective representation of the complex part geometries, the system uses the multiple element input, and the forward inference scheme in determination of the initial billet size and intermediate forging steps. In order to determine intermediate steps, the basic empirical rules for extrusion, heading, and trimming were applied. The required forming loads and global strain distributions at each forging step were calculated and displayed on the PC monitor. The designed process sequence drawing can be obtained by AutoCAD. The developed system will be useful in reducing trial and error of design engineers in determining the diameter and height of the initial cylindrical billet from the final product geometry and the intermediate necessary sequences.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

머신비전에서는 다양한 렌즈들이 제품의 불량을 검출하기 위해 사용되고 있다. 일반적인 렌즈의 시야로는 물체의 외관 일부분만을 촬영할 수 있고 전체 외관을 검사하기 위해서는 거울 등의 광학부품이나 여러 대의 렌즈와 카메라가 필요하게 된다. 이는 광학 시스템의 크기를 크게 만들며 고비용의 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 물체의 상면과 측면을 동시에 촬영할 수 있는 hypercentric 렌즈의 설계 주안점을 제시하였으며, 다양한 물체 촬영에 대응하며 이미지 크기를 유지할 수 있는 hypercentric 렌즈를 설계하였다. 또한 제작품의 성능 분석을 통해 설계의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2014

This study was explored the relationship of fit-related factors and, clothing evaluation criteria to clothing satisfaction. A total of 247 completed responses were obtained from a convenient sample of female students in their twenties. The statistical analysis methods included factor analysis, an ANOVA, and a multiple regression analysis. First, clothing evaluation criteria included practicality, product trait, and symbolism. Second, a comparison of clothing evaluation criteria and clothing satisfaction in groups divided by fit-related factors showed significant differences. In particular, the fat body type group showed higher level of the product trait and the thin body type group showed lower level of clothing satisfaction. The high activity group showed higher levels of clothing evaluation criteria and lower level of clothing satisfaction. Third, body type perception (-) and activity importance (-), fit-related factors, and practicality (+), clothing evaluation criterion had significant effects on clothing satisfaction. Therefore, These results suggest that fashion firms should make efficient use of fit-related factors and clothing evaluation criteria to enhance consumers' clothing satisfaction and to stimulate their purchase intention toward fashion goods.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2005

교통량 자료는 도로의 계획, 설계 및 운영 등에 폭넓게 활용되는 자료이다. 일반국도를 대상으로 1955년부터 전국 규모의 교통조사가 시행되고 있으며, 도로의 결절점을 기준으로 구간을 설정한 후 상시조사를 실시하고 있다. 그러나 전 구간에서 상시조사를 수행하는 데에는 한계가 있기 때문에 우선순위를 결정하는 것은 중요한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 우선순위 결정을 위한 방법론으로 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process)를 적용한 다기준 의사결정 기법 (MCDM : Multiple Criteria Decision Making)을 적용하였다. 판단 기준변수로는 도로계획 [AADT, VKT, 첨두시간 교통량, 도시부유출입구간] 도로설계 [Volume(pcu), 방향별교통량, 중차량비], 그리고 도로운영 (속도, 밀도, V/C)으로 정의하였다. 평가자료를 정량화 및 규준화하였고, 설문조사를 통해 얻은 쌍대비교 값들을 가지고 고유벡터 방법으로 계층별, 가중치를 구하였다. 교통량 조사구간에 대한 교통조사 우선순위 선정은 규준화 값과 계층별, 가중치를 곱하여 구한 대안 값의 전체 합의 크기에 따라 결정하였다. 이를 통하여 상시 교통량 조사를 위해 다수의 구간으로 분할된 일반국도를 대상으로, 상시 교통량 조사 지점 우선순위를 결정하였다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2021

Simultaneous quantification of multiple marker compounds in herbal medicine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis is still a challenge due to the complexity in various parameters to be considered and co-existing multi-components. As a case study, a reliable HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of paeoniflorin from Paeoniae Radix and decursin from Angelicae Gigantis Radix in various commercial herbal medicine was developed based on analytical quality by design (AQbD) strategy. As a first step, risk assessment was performed to select the critical method parameters (CMPs) which were decided as organic mobile phase ratio and column oven temperature. In order to evaluate the effect of the CMPs on critical method attributes (CMAs) of peak resolution and tailing, central composite design (CCD) was employed. The final chromatographic conditions were optimized as follows: column- C₁₈, 4.6 × 250 mm, 5 ㎛ particle size; mobile phase- A: acetonitrile, B: 0.1% acetic acid water; detection wavelength- 235 nm for paeoniflorin, 325 nm for decursin; column oven temperature- 25℃; flow rate- 1.0 mL/min; gradient mobile phase system as Time (min) : % A, 0:14, 25:14, 30:50, 60:50, 61:100, 65:100, 66:14, 75:14. The method was successfully validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and piloted for ten commercial herbal medicines.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.145-149
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• 2017

One of the challenges facing precision manufacturers is the increasing feature complexity of tight tolerance parts. All engineering drawings must account for the size, form, orientation, and location of all features to ensure manufacturability, measurability, and design intent. Geometric controls per ASME Y14.5 are typically applied to specify dimensional tolerances on engineering drawings and define size, form, orientation, and location of features. Many engineering drawings lack the necessary geometric dimensioning and tolerancing to allow for timely and accurate inspection and verification. Plus-minus tolerancing is typically ambiguous and requires extra time by engineering, programming, machining, and inspection functions to debate and agree on a single conclusion. Complex geometry can result in long inspection and verification times and put even the most sophisticated measurement equipment and processes to the test. In addition, design, manufacturing and quality engineers are often frustrated by communication errors over these features. However, an approach called profile tolerancing offers optimal definition of design intent by explicitly defining uniform boundaries around the physical geometry. It is an efficient and effective method for measurement and quality control. There are several advantages for product designers who use position and profile tolerancing instead of linear dimensioning. When design intent is conveyed unambiguously, manufacturers don't have to field multiple question from suppliers as they design and build a process for manufacturing and inspection. Profile tolerancing, when it is applied correctly, provides manufacturing and inspection functions with unambiguously defined tolerancing. Those data are manufacturable and measurable. Customers can see cost and lead time reductions with parts that consistently meet the design intent. Components can function properly-eliminating costly rework, redesign, and missed market opportunities. However a supplier that is poised to embrace profile tolerancing will no doubt run into resistance from those who would prefer the way things have always been done. It is not just internal naysayers, but also suppliers that might fight the change. In addition, the investment for suppliers can be steep in terms of training, equipment, and software.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Increasing knowledge on the link between diet and human health has generated a lot of interest in the development of functional foods. However, several challenges, including discovering of beneficial compounds, establishing optimal intake levels, and developing adequate food delivering matrix and product formulations, need to be addressed. A number of new processes and materials derived from nanotechnology have the potential to provide new solutions in many of these fronts. Nanotechnology is concerned with the manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular scales to create structures that are less than 100 nm in size in one dimension. By carefully choosing the molecular components, it seems possible to design particles with different surface properties. Several food-based nanodelivery vehicles, such as protein-polysaccharide coacervates, multiple emulsions, liposomes and cochleates have been developed on a laboratory scale, but there have been very limited applications in real food systems. There are also public concerns about potential negative effects of nanotechnology-based delivery systems on human health. This paper provides an overview of the new opportunities and challenges for nanotechnology-based systems in future functional food development.