• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2013

Background: The objective of this study is to determine knowledge about lung cancer among secondary school male teachers in Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among three secondary schools located in Kudat district, Sabah, Malaysia during the period from June until September 2012. The protocol of this study was approved by ethics committee of Management and Science University, Malaysia. The aims were explained and a consent form was signed by each participant. Respondents were chosen randomly from each school with the help of the headmasters. Self-administrated questionnaires, covering socio-demographic characteristics and general knowledge of lung cancer, were distributed. Once all 150 respondents completed the questionnaire, they passed it to their head master for collecting and recording. All the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 13. ANOVA and t-test were applied for univariate analysis; and multiple linear regression for multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 150 male secondary school teachers participated in this study. Their mean age was $35.6{\pm}6.5$ (SD); maximum 50 and minimum 23 years old. More than half of the participants were Malay and married (52%, 79%; respectively). Regarding the knowledge about lung cancer, 57.3% of the participants mentioned that only males are affected by lung cancer. Some 70.7% mentioned that lung cancer can be transmitted from one person to another. More than half (56.7%) reported that lung cancer is not the leading cause of death in Malaysian males. As for risk factors, the majority reported that family history of lung cancer is not involved. However, 91.3% were aware that cigarettes are the main risk factor of lung cancer and more than half (52%) believed that second-hand smoking is one of the risk factor of lung cancer. More than half (51.3%) were not aware that asbestos, ionizing radiation and other cancer causing substances are risk factors for lung cancer. Quitting smoking, avoiding second-hand smoking and avoiding unnecessary x-ray image of the chest (53.3%, 96.0%, 87.3%; respectively) are the main preventive measures mentioned by the participants. For the factors that influence the participants knowledge, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that only race was significant. Conclusions: Overall, the knowledge of school male teachers about lung cancer was low. However, few items were scored high: cigarettes are the main risk factor; avoiding second-hand smoking; and avoiding x-rays. Interventions to increase lung cancer awareness are needed to improve early detection behavior. Increase the price of pack of cigarettes to RM 20 and banning smoking in public places such as restaurants are highly recommended as primary preventive measures.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1895-1903
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• 2013

Background: It is well established that a healthy lifestyle is of benefit in the prevention of diseases such as cancer and promotion of well-being. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine lifestyle practice and associated factors among university students in Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted over six months from November 2011 until May 2012 among the students from the Management and Science University. This study was approved by its ethical committee, the students being explained the objective and invited to participate. A consent form was signed by all study participants. Questionnaire was distributed randomly to the students of the five faculties through their lecturers in different faculty. For univariate analysis t-test and ANOVA test were performed. Multiple linear regression used for multivariate analysis using SPSS 13.0. Results: A total number of 1100 students participated with a mean age of $22.1{\pm}2.21$ (SD) years. The majority were 22 years or younger (56.3%), female (54%), Malay (61.5%), single (92.3%), with family monthly income ${\geq}5000$ Ringgit Malaysia (41.2%). Regarding lifestyle, about were 31.6% smokers, 75.6% never drank alcohol and 53.7% never exercised. Multivariate analysis showed that age, sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, smoking status, exercise, residency, brushing teeth, fiber intake and avoid fatty food significantly influenced the practice of drinking alcohol among university students (p=0.006, p=0.042, p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, p<0.001; respectively). It similarly showed that sex, race, parent marital status, participant marital status, monthly family income, exercise, residency, brushing teeth and fiber intake significantly influenced the practice of sun protection (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.017, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively) and that age, sex, parent marital status, participant marital status, type of faculty, living status, exercise, taking non-prescribed medication, brushing the teeth, coffee consumption and fiber intake were significantly influenced the practice of fruits consumption (p=0.008, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p<0.001, P<0.001; respectively). Conclusions: This study showed a poor practice of healthy lifestyle among university students. Therefore universities should emphasize a healthy lifestyle in all faculties as a required subject. Socio-demographic characteristics significantly influenced practice and thus should be considered when planning preventive measures among university students. Frequent campaigns and educational seminars are to be encouraged.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.94-109
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• 1998

The objective of this study is to measure self-image of adolescence, analyze empirically clothing-purchasing-behavior of adolescence and clarify correlation of two variables, self-image and clothing-purchasing-behavior. For this purpose, the techniques involve theoretical studies and researches based on historical obtained from previous related studies and surveys, 431 high school female students who reside in Seoul are asked to answer selected survey questions to examine three aspects, clothing-purchasing-behavior, self-image and demographics. The evaluation of surveyed information is analyzed by statistical techniques to improve the accuracy of data. Statistical methods used are as follows; Descriptive(frequency, mean, percentage), Factor Analysis(varimax rotation), Crosstabs(Chi-square), T-test, One-Way ANOVA< Correlation Analysis, Reliability Analysis and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The mjor results of this study were as follows: Firstly, there is a discrepancy between real self-image and ideal self-image. Furthermore more significant differences is seen from physical aspects than psychological aspects. Consequently, research proves that the difference derived from their ideal situation and real situation leads to psychological unstableness. In addition, making their real self-image is dependent upon several elements such things as family economic level, pocket money, expenditure on clothing. Therefore, it is critical to combine all factors in order to decide how much to spend for children's clothing and pocket money in parents point of view. Secondly, research shows that shows hat there is correlated relationship between average expenditure on clothing and presence of mother's job. Average expenditure on clothing is, generally, influenced by vogue which is tend to be changed seasonally. It, also, shows that there is positive linear regression between expenditure on clothe and sensitivity for vogue. That is to say, dependent variable, expenditure on clothing, is varied as independent variable, sensitivity for vogue, changes. Female high school students are likely to give much value on brand. Moreover people who are spending more money on clothes have higher tendencies in prompt purchases than who are not. Thirdly, the analysis of clothing-purchasing-behavior and self-image shows that the difference between real self-image and ideal self-image draws the main reason of dissatisfaction after purchase of clothes. As a consequence, their unfilled needs lead them to keep making another purchase to satisfy themselves. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that parents' advices and directions on their children's money spending on clothes are imperative to establish well-behaved purchasing patterns.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.646-651
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• 1998

기체크로마토그래피에서 황화합물의 분자구조와 용리시간과의 관계를 연구하였다. 분석대상인 황화합물은 황화수소, 이산화항, 이황화탄소, 에틸메르캅탄, 황화이메틸, 이소프로필메르캅탄, 노말프로필메르캅탄, 황화에틸메틸, 황화이에틸, t-부틸메르캅탄, 테트라히이드로티오핀, 티오핀, 2-클로르티오핀이었다. 다중선형회귀분석방법으로 용리시간과 분자의 설명인자 사이의 상관관계를 설명할 수 있었다. 기체크로마토그래피에서 오븐 온도 프로그램을 30$^{\circ}C$에서 10.5분간 유지 후 15$^{\circ}C$/min 비율로 150$^{\circ}C$까지 증가하는 것으로 설정하였다. SAS를 사용하여 사대적 용리시간에 대한 예측식을 다음과 같이 얻을 수 있었다. $RRT=0.121bp+14.39dp-8.94dp^2+0.0741sqmw-35.78\;(N=8,\;R^2=0.989, \;Variance=0.175,\;F=66.21)$. 상대적 용리시간은 끓는점, 분자량의 제곱근 및 분자쌍극자모멘트의 함수이며 끓는점에 의한 영향이 가장 컸다. 무극성 컬럼 사용시 분자쌍극자모멘트가 0.805D에서 용리시간이 가장 길었다. 분자구조가 평면성을 띠면서 대칭성이 높은 물질은 용리속도가 작았다. 훈련세트(training set)에서 SAS 프로그램을 통해 얻은 예측식의 상관계수의 제곱$(R^2)$은 0.989이며 분산은 0.175이다. 시험세트(testing set)에서 3개의 황화합물에 대하여 예측식을 통해 얻은 상대적 용리시간과 관측된 값 사이의 분산은 0.432 이었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.491-500
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• 2014

본 연구는 간호사의 자율성, 유능감, 관계성의 기본심리욕구 만족이 소진에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 상관성 조사연구이다. 연구대상자는 2013년 10월 25일부터 11월 25일까지 6개 종합병원의 160명의 간호사를 대상으로 편의표집하였으며, 자료 수집방법은 자가 보고 설문지법을 사용하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 18.0프로그램을 이용하여 t-test와 분산분석, 상관분석, 다중회귀분석의 방법을 이용하였다. 연구결과 소진은 일반적 특성 중 연령, 결혼유무, 종교, 교육정도, 근무부서, 경력과 유의미한 차이를 보였으며. 소진과 기본심리욕구(r=-.59, P<.001)의 하위 변수인 자율성(r=-.45, P<.001), 유능감(r=-.52, P<.001), 관계성(r=-.49, P<.001)은 부적 상관관계를 보였다. 또한 간호사의 소진에 대하여 자율성(${\beta}=-.26$), 유능감(${\beta}=-.30$), 관계성(${\beta}=-.12$), 연령(${\beta}=-.17$), 경력(${\beta}=.09$)은 34.3%의 설명력을 보였다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 간호사의 소진을 감소시키는 요인으로 기본심리욕구의 하위변수인 자율성, 유능감, 관계성이 확인되었다. 그러므로 간호사의 자율성, 유능감, 관계성을 높이기 위한 프로그램 개발이 요구된다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2016

본 연구는 고등학교과학과목(이하, 과학과목)이수가 대학 입학 후 기초간호과학과 전공간호학성적에 미치는 융합적 효과를 조사하기 위해 일 대학 간호학과 4학년 111명 대상으로 시도되었다. SPSS 19.0으로 t 검정, Pearson 상관계수, 다중 및 단일회귀분석을 시행한 결과, 생물I, 생물II, 화학I, 화학II이수집단의 해부학, 생리학, 병리학 평균이 유의하게 높았고, 생물II 이수집단의 전공간호학평균이 유의하게 높았으며, 과학과목이수와 기초간호과학 및 전공간호학 간, 화학II 이수와 기초간호과학 간, 기초간호과학과 전공간호학 간 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 과학과목이수의 기초간호과학, 전공간호학에 대한 설명력은 각각 18.2%, 8.6%이었고, 기초간호과학의 전공간호학에 대한 설명력은 63.8%였다. 이 연구결과는 대상과 지역을 확대하여 반복연구 후 입학사정 시 참고자료로 활용될 수 있고, 입학 전 과학과목을 이수하지 않은 신입생의 기초간호과학의 효과적인 수강을 위한 준비프로그램의 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.451-484
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• 2013

본 연구는 이주여성의 주관적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인을 개인적, 가정적, 사회적 변인으로 나누어 분석하였다. 개인적 변인으로는 부부나이차, 입국이유, 종교유무, 결혼생활기간, 취업유무, 경제수준, 한국문화적응정도, 한국어능력, 자아탄력성으로 설정하였다. 가정적 변인으로는 결혼방식, 결혼이유, 남편의 아내모국어 이해정도, 남편의 아내모국문화이해정도, 결혼생활만족도, 자녀유무, 재산관리주체, 양육효능감으로 설정하였다. 사회적 변인으로는 복지서비스와 제도의 인지여부, 공공기관과 사회단체의 이용경험정도, 사회적 참여모임의 내용으로 설정하였다. 연구대상은 충청남도 아산시에 거주하고 있는 이주여성 256명이며 중다선형회귀 분석을 하였다. 연구결과는 개인적 변인으로는 자아탄력성, 결혼생활기간, 한국문화적응정도, 경제수준, 가정적 변인으로는 양육효능감, 결혼생활만족도, 결혼방식- 타인의 소개 없이, 사회적 변인으로는 모국여성자조모임참여, 복지서비스와 제도의 인지여부, 취미학습동아리모임참여, 친목 종교모임참여 등이 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과를 바탕으로 이주여성들의 주관적 안녕감에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 찾고 내적자원과 강점을 적극적으로 지원하기 위한 사회적 방안을 마련할 수 있는 기초를 삼고자 하는 것에 그 의의를 둔다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.92-114
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• 2011

The study has its purpose on providing basic resource to enforce the capability of the middle managers by examining the level of performance and the level of awareness about the capabilities of the managers and by understanding the significance of the difference and the reasons for the differences. The source of the study was 195 survey questionnaires that were carried out to the managers of the 9 general hospitals and the method of the analysis was the frequency analysis, analysis of the credibility, matching to sample T-test, independent sample T-test, dispersion analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using accumulated variables. The followings are the main result of the study. First, the difference between the level of awareness about the capabilities and the level of performance of the mediator managers in general hospitals had high capability in change management. The following orders were: competence in achievement and behavior, competence in management, competence in recognition, competence in influence, competence in individual effectiveness, and competence in personal relationship service. Second, as the result of the relation analysis in order to understand the correlation between awareness and performance of the mediator managers, everything had significant positive correlation. In the study about the level of importance, the cognitive capability and the management capability had the highest correlation with the correlation number of 0.88. In the study about the level of performance, the cognitive capability, individual capability, and the management capability had the highest correlation with the correlation variable number of 0.79. Third, as the result of studying the reason for the difference between the level of the awareness capability and the level of the performance, lack of the support recognition compensation in the organization level, inappropriate work environment, limit in the regulation were found as the highest reason in the order. As the result of the study, it was concluded that the creation of the efficient capability estimation model and the securement of the system that estimate the capability of the managers should be carried out in order to enforce the capability of the mediator managers in general hospitals.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to evaluate Brand Value by using the K-BPI(Korea Brand Power Index) of Korea Management Association which is based on consumer awareness, as well as to identify how Brand Value which is composed of top of awareness, unaided awareness, aided awareness, image, possibility of purchasing, preference, affects on the Market Share perceived by consumers. This research subjects were 10 hospitals with more than 1,000 beds in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, and survey subjects were 20 or older adults living in the metropolitan area of Korea. Using K-BPI for measuring Brand Value and used calculation of Market Share according to consumer preference model for measuring Market Share. The major results of this research are as follows: First, this research identified that the top 5 hospitals of largest hospitals in metropolitan area measured by using K-BPI and Market Share were same hospitals as Big 4 hospitals of previous research evaluating the comprehensive competitiveness of hospitals and also same as hospitals that appeared recently. Second, Big 5 hospitals ranked first to fifth in both Brand Value and Market Share. To identify the relationship between K-BPI items(top of awareness, unaided awareness, aided awareness, image, availability, preference) and Market Share, multiple linear regression was used by dividing 5 upper and 5 lower group of hospitals per each. The group of 5 upper hospitals had a significant effect on Market Share, with 'top of awareness', 'unaided awareness', 'aided awareness'. The group of 5 lower hospitals had a significant effect on Market Share with 'unaided awareness', 'aided awareness'. The results of this study and hospitals of the first to third hospitals published in the K-BPI press release reported by KMAC in 2017, and the previous studies evaluating the comprehensive competitiveness hospitals, all had one thing in common that Big 4 hospitals ranked high position. This suggests that evaluation of Brand Value also can be a evaluation measure of hospital. A new competitiveness of hospital is expected by managing brand awareness to have a brand competitiveness and by securing intrinsic Market Share of consumer to reach hospital use ultimately.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using EuroQoL-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) and to identify its related factors among urban-dwelling adults. Methods: The data for this study were obtained from 1,134 subjects aged $20\sim91$, who participated in 'Survey on the health status and demand for health' in two cities of Korea (Dong-gu, Gwangju and Suncheon-si, Jeollanamdo). The HRQOL was measured using the EQ-5D instrument and EQ-5D index scores were calculated by two Korean valuation study model using time trade-off method. Results: The mean EQ-5D index scores for all subjects were $0.865{\pm}0.218$ (model A), and $0.921{\pm}0.170$ (model B). The EQ-5D index score was significantly different according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, education, occupation, income, and health security system), self-rated health condition, health-related psychological assessments (enough sleep, fatigue rate, stress rate, and degree of satisfaction on the residence). The results of multiple linear regression showed that age, marital status, income, coverage of medical insurance, self-rated health condition, and fatigue rate were significantly related common statistical factors of HRQOL in two Korean valuation study model. Conclusion: Among the adults residing in urban environment, the HRQOL was significantly lower on the subjects with following conditions: higher age, being alone without a spouse as a result of death, divorce or separation, low income, medical aid program, poor self-rated health condition, and chronic fatigue. In order to improve the urban adults' quality of life, healthcare policy and health promotion program must be developed with considerations to factors related to the HRQOL.