• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2018

Vertebrate organ development is accompanied by demarcation of tissue compartments, which grow coordinately with their neighbors. Hence, perturbing the coordinative growth of neighboring tissue compartments frequently results in organ malformation. The growth of tissue compartments is regulated by multiple intercellular and intracellular signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway that limits the growth of various organs. In the optic neuroepithelial continuum, which is partitioned into the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and ciliary margin (CM) during eye development, the Hippo signaling activity operates differentially, as it does in many tissues. In this review, we summarize recent studies that have explored the relationship between the Hippo signaling pathway and growth of optic neuroepithelial compartments. We will focus particularly on the roles of a tumor suppressor, neurofibromin 2 (NF2), whose expression is not only dependent on compartment-specific transcription factors, but is also subject to regulation by a Hippo-Yap feedback signaling circuit.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2016

Periostin, a component of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, is produced and secreted by the fibroblasts that are involved in chronic allergic inflammation diseases and various types of human cancers. Periostin protein is composed of multiple domains including four FAS1 domains which play important roles in cell adhesion and tumor metastasis by interacting with integrins. In spite of their important biological role, the structural information of periosin FAS1 domains was not revealed yet. Recently we systemically prepared various constructs of the FAS1 domains and tried to express them in E. coli. Of them, only single FAS1-II and -IV domains were highly soluble. Circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies revealed that the FAS1-IV domain might be suitable for three-dimensional structure determination using NMR spectroscopy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.419-428
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• 1999

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor members have unique structures composed of 2-4 cysteine - rich pseudorepeats in the extracellular domain. On ligation by trimeric ligand molecules, oligomerization of three receptor molecules occurs, which in turn activates the receptor and recruits intracellular signaling molecules to the cytoplasmic tail to initiate biological events. Recently, the numbers of tumor necrosis factor receptor and ligand family members have been rapidly expanding. Functional characterization of the new members has indicated redundant roles with other known members as well as provided insights into novel functions. In particular, identification of soluble decoy receptors which have the ability to bind multiple ligands highlights a complex control mechanism of immune responses by these molecules. Studies of the new members have also revealed that the TNF receptor and ligand family members play an important role in other than the immune system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.2_2
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• pp.199-207
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• 2020

These days, many different types of valves are developed in the industrial area according to their use purpose. Multiple kinds of valves are installed to control a flow and pressure of the pipe conveying fluid. Valves serve as critical roles in land plants such as power plants. The performance of equipment varies depending on valve characteristics. In this study, the internal flow analysis on Cone-type valve is conducted to analyze flow field and secure a value of the flow coefficient Cv. According to the internal flow analysis, when the flow distribution of the middle cross-section of valve was open 100%, flow field was relatively and smoothly taken out. If it was open 50%, flow recirculation region increased and a little complex flow field occurred. Unlike ball valve or butterfly valve, this valve had flow recirculation in its outlet depending on a valve opening amount. Therefore, it was found that there was no flow recirculation in the outlet of Cone-type valve.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

Despite the unfamiliar term "multifunctionality of agriculture" and the tremendous number of debates made over the past 10 years, multiple benefits from paddy rice farming in the Asian monsoon region are very significance due to the various inherent characteristics of paddy rice in this lesion. They were identified as rural vitalization, social security, nature and environmental preservations, and social and cultural functions. As studies estimating the monetary value of nature and environmental functions in Korea and Japan revealed, the economic value of multifunctionality from paddy rice farming reached to 70∼150% of total annual rice production cost of each country, and would have been even higher, had other functions been included. Therefore, interdisciplinary and international researches within the monsoon Asian countries are necessary to develop counter-measure logics against the Western dry land farming countries, emphasizing the efforts to disseminate worldwide the significance and recognition of the multifunctionality of paddy rice farming under the Asian monsoon climate.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.21-36
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• 2004

This paper attempts to find a desirable way to effectively integrate the roles of the central government of Korea and the Seoul Metropolitan Government in terms of e-government environments. Electronic intergovernmental relations(e-IGR) are analyzed from the multiple perspectives such as technological, institutional, and behavioral aspect. Among these. this paper found that the behavioral aspect deserves more academic and policy interests. Both the horizontal and vertical integration among departments and agencies will enable the e-government to serve people better.

• BMB Reports
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.537-546
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• 2002

NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel transcription factor family participates in diverse biological processes including embryo development, hematopoiesis, immune regulation, as well as neuronal functions. In this review, the NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel signal transduction pathways and their important roles in the regulation of immune system will be discussed. NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel members execute distinct functions in multiple immune cell types via the regulation of target genes essential for cell proliferation, survival, effector functions, cell trafficking and communication, as well as the formation of lymphoid architecture. Consequently, proper activation of NF-${\kappa}B$/Rel during immune responses to allergens, auto-antigens, allo-antigens, and pathogenic infection is crucial for the integrity of host innate and adaptive immunity.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2014

The meanings of colors vary with time and space. For the most important events in a person's life, such as wedding or funeral, people use color to symbolize their identities or roles. Traditionally, the colors of dress had indicated the wearer's age, class, or marital status in Korea. However, Korea's exposure to western cultures has affected in many dimensions of its modern history. Especially, influenced by social change, the traditional dress has undergone many modifications in forms, silhouettes, materials, and color. However, women's mourning dress has been maintained as a long lasting tradition and the use of white in mourning dress has been regarded as a norm until recently, while men have worn a regular black suit with a black tie. But, the shift from white to black in mourning dress has been observed in recent mourning practices. To examine this change of color in Korean traditional mourning dress, a historical approach utilizing multiple resources, such as interview, observations of events, documents, and archival records was applied.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.61-74
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• 2010

By taking a bottom-up "library in the life of the user" perspective rather than a top-down "user in the life of the library" perspective, this paper uses anecdotal evidence from the past and near present to examine the multiple roles the U.S. public library plays and has played as public space in the everyday lives of its patrons. By harnessing "public sphere" theory discussed in Jurgen Habermas's THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF THE PUBLIC SPHERE (1989) and by the examining the rich literatures on civic life and institutions that have evolved from it, the author argues that Library and Information Studies discourse has to expand its scope to include research and analysis of "library as place" from a user's perspective if it hopes to develop a deeper understanding of what the public library does for means to members of the communities in which they reside.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2011

In this review, we have provided an overview of the environmental risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), focusing on the major environmental toxicants related to the disorder. Researchers have indicated that since the characteristics of ADHD are complex, the disorder’s etiology involves multiple genes of moderate effect interacting with environmental factors. The possible roles of prenatal and perinatal exposure have been the main focus of research on environmental risk factors for ADHD. Among environmental toxicants, we reviewed the potential effects on the development of ADHD of exposure to lead, nicotine, alcohol, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxin. Further, for the each neurotoxicant, clinical prevention or intervention strategies aimed at reducing a child’s risk from environmental toxic insults have been presented.