• Title/Summary/Keyword: Multiple hypothesis

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Statistically Proper Multiple Range Tests for a Within Subject Factor in a Repeated Measures Design

  • Park, Cheol-Yong;Park, Sang-Bum
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.525-534
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    • 2007
  • It is a common practice in many research areas that multiple range tests for a between subject factor such as Tukey are applied to a within subject factor in a repeated measures design. Tukey procedure, however, sometimes detects no pairs with different means even when the hypothesis of all equal level means is rejected. This study attempts to provide a rationale for the proposition that Tukey is inappropriate post hoc procedure for a within subject factor in which the observations are correlated. We introduce two multiple range tests, Bonferroni and Scheffe, for a within subject factor and show that Bonferroni is more appropriate than Scheffe for pairwise multiple comparisons. Subsequent simulation study indicates that Tukey has significantly less power than Bonferroni in detecting actual difference between means of some pairs when the observations of a within subject factor are highly correlated.

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Multiple Vehicles Tracking via sequential posterior estimation (순차적인 사후 추정에 의한 다중 차량 추적)

  • Lee, Won-Ju;Yoon, Chang-Young;Lee, Hee-Jin;Kim, Eun-Tai;Park, Mignon
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.40-49
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    • 2007
  • In a visual driver-assistance system, separating moving objects from fixed objects are an important problem to maintain multiple hypothesis for the state. Color and edge-based tracker can often be 'distracted' causing them to track the wrong object. Many researchers have dealt with this problem by using multiple features, as it is unlikely that all will be distracted at the same time. In this paper, we improve the accuracy and robustness of real-time tracking by combining a color histogram feature with a brightness of Optical Flow-based feature under a Sequential Monte Carlo framework. And it is also excepted from Tracking as time goes on, reducing density by Adaptive Particles Number in case of the fixed object. This new framework makes two main contributions. The one is about the prediction framework which separating moving objects from fixed objects and the other is about measurement framework to get a information from the visual data under a partial occlusion.

A Study on Improving Classification Performance for Manufacturing Process Data with Multicollinearity and Imbalanced Distribution (다중공선성과 불균형분포를 가지는 공정데이터의 분류 성능 향상에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Chae Jin;Park, Cheong-Sool;Kim, Jun Seok;Baek, Jun-Geol
    • Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.25-33
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    • 2015
  • From the viewpoint of applications to manufacturing, data mining is a useful method to find the meaningful knowledge or information about states of processes. But the data from manufacturing processes usually have two characteristics which are multicollinearity and imbalance distribution of data. Two characteristics are main causes which make bias to classification rules and select wrong variables as important variables. In the paper, we propose a new data mining procedure to solve the problem. First, to determine candidate variables, we propose the multiple hypothesis test. Second, to make unbiased classification rules, we propose the decision tree learning method with different weights for each category of quality variable. The experimental result with a real PDP (Plasma display panel) manufacturing data shows that the proposed procedure can make better information than other data mining procedures.

Performance Prediction of the MHT Algorithm for Tracking under Cluttered Environments (클러터 환경에서 표적 추적을 위한 다중 가설 추적 알고리듬의 성능 예측)

  • 정영헌
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.13-20
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we developed a method for predicting the tracking performance of the multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithm. The MHT algerithm is known to be a measurement-oriented optimal Bayesian approach and is superior to any other tracking filters because it takes into account the events that the measurements can be originated from new targets and false alarms as well as interesting targets. In the MHT algorithm, a number of candidate hypotheses are generated and evaluated later as more data are received. The probability of each candidate hypotheses is approximately evaluated by using the hybrid conditional average approach (HYCA). We performed numerical experiments to show the validity of our performance prediction.

Acoustic correlates of prosodic prominence in conversational speech of American English, as perceived by ordinary listeners

  • Mo, Yoon-Sook
    • Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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    • v.3 no.3
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2011
  • Previous laboratory studies have shown that prosodic structures are encoded in the modulations of phonetic patterns of speech including suprasegmental as well as segmental features. Drawing on a prosodically annotated large-scale speech data from the Buckeye corpus of conversational speech of American English, the current study first evaluated the reliability of prosody annotation by a large number of ordinary listeners and later examined whether and how prosodic prominence influences the phonetic realization of multiple acoustic parameters in everyday conversational speech. The results showed that all the measures of acoustic parameters including pitch, loudness, duration, and spectral balance are increased when heard as prominent. These findings suggest that prosodic prominence enhances the phonetic characteristics of the acoustic parameters. The results also showed that the degree of phonetic enhancement vary depending on the types of the acoustic parameters. With respect to the formant structure, the findings from the present study more consistently support Sonority Expansion Hypothesis than Hyperarticulation Hypothesis, showing that the lexically stressed vowels are hyperarticulated only when hyperarticulation does not interfere with sonority expansion. Taken all into account, the present study showed that prosodic prominence modulates the phonetic realization of the acoustic parameters to the direction of the phonetic strengthening in everyday conversational speech and ordinary listeners are attentive to such phonetic variation associated with prosody in speech perception. However, the present study also showed that in everyday conversational speech there is no single dominant acoustic measure signaling prosodic prominence and listeners must attend to such small acoustic variation or integrate acoustic information from multiple acoustic parameters in prosody perception.

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Development of a Map Matching Method for Land Vehicles Navigation (차량 항법을 위한 지도 정합법 개발)

  • Sung Tae-Kyung;Pyo Jong-Sun
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.42 no.4 s.304
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2005
  • This paper presents a map matching method using multiple hypothesis technique(MHT) to identify the road that a land vehicle is located on. To realize a map matching method using MHT, Pseudo-measurements are generated utilizing adjacent roads of GPS/DR position and the MHT is reformulated as a single target problem. Since pseudo-measurements are generated using digital map, topological properties such as road connection, direction, and road facility information are considered in calculating probabilities of hypotheses. In order to improve the map matching performance under when bias errors exist in digital road map data, a Kalman filter is employed to estimate the biases. Field experimental results show that the proposed map matching method provides the consistent performance even in complex downtown areas, overpass/underpass areas, and in the areas where roads are adjacent in parallel.

A Study on the Level of Life Satisfaction of Middle Aged Women - Focused on the Family Cohesion and Adaptibility they perceive - (중년기여성의 생활만족도에 관한 연구 - 중년기여성이 인지한 가족응집력 및 적응력을 중심으로 -)

  • 박경숙
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.121-135
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    • 1993
  • This study was to investigate the relationship between the level of life satisfaction of middle-aged woman and that of the family cohesion and adaptibility, the subjects were 243 married women aged from 40 to 59 years old. The survey instruments were Life Satisfaction Scale and FACESⅢ by using SPSSPC+ program package, especially ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Correlation and Stepwise Multiple Regression. The results were as follows; 1. The overall levels of life satisfaction were middling. 2. The family cohesions were relatively high, adaptibility middling. 3. 1) The levels of life satisfaction were different according to their ages, frequencies of leisure activities, and levels of household income. 2) The levels of life satisfaction were different according to the levels of the family adaptibility and cohesion. 3) Dividing the family type into tow part by the levels of cohesion and adaptibility, the levels of life satisfaction had no differences in typeⅠ based on curvilinea hypothesis, but those of life satisfaction had differences in typeⅡ on linear hypothesis. 4. The results of stepwise multiple regression ; the variables having an effects on the level of life satisfaction were revealed cohesion, frequencies of leisure activities, and the level of household income, and their explanatory power 33%.

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Large tests of independence in incomplete two-way contingency tables using fractional imputation

  • Kang, Shin-Soo;Larsen, Michael D.
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.971-984
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    • 2015
  • Imputation procedures fill-in missing values, thereby enabling complete data analyses. Fully efficient fractional imputation (FEFI) and multiple imputation (MI) create multiple versions of the missing observations, thereby reflecting uncertainty about their true values. Methods have been described for hypothesis testing with multiple imputation. Fractional imputation assigns weights to the observed data to compensate for missing values. The focus of this article is the development of tests of independence using FEFI for partially classified two-way contingency tables. Wald and deviance tests of independence under FEFI are proposed. Simulations are used to compare type I error rates and Power. The partially observed marginal information is useful for estimating the joint distribution of cell probabilities, but it is not useful for testing association. FEFI compares favorably to other methods in simulations.

The Effects of Consumption Value of Female Consumers who Buy Bakery Goods on Impulse Buying and Purchase Satisfaction (베이커리제품을 구매하는 여성소비자의 소비가치가 충동구매와 구매만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • Chung, Hye-Sun;Sim, Ji-Suk;Lee, Jong-Jin
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.23 no.8
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    • pp.27-39
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    • 2017
  • This study was to examine how consumption value of female consumers affects impulse consumption and purchase satisfaction when they buy bakery goods, present specific determinant factors that affect them, and identify its influencing factors. The survey was conducted with those who have bought bakery goods of female consumers in Seoul and Kyonggi area, using a convenience sampling method. After a total of 400 responses was collected, 366 responses were included for the multiple regression analyses in order to test the hypotheses. To summarize findings from this study, analysis of the first hypothesis showed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," "reminder impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" among impulse buying factors in consumption value factors had positive effects. The second hypothesis analyzed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" gave positive impacts on "purchase satisfaction," while "reminder impulse buying" had no influence. Analysis of the third hypothesis demonstrated that "consumption value" had positive effects on "purchase satisfaction." These findings were significant to examine consumption value that show the consuming pattern of consumers, analyze influencing factors on impulse buying of female consumers, and further present marketing strategies used for advantageous tools with competing stores to bakery owners or marketers.

The Effect of Lifestyle Patterns on Decision Making Process for Foodservice Purchase (라이프스타일 유형이 외식 구매 의사 결정 과정에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Ki-Young;Bae, Hyun-Su;Heo, Jun
    • Culinary science and hospitality research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.257-268
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study was to conduct factor analysis on Foodservice consumers' lifestyle patterns in dietary life, classify lifestyle patterns, and identify how lifestyle patterns influence the 5 stages of decision making process for purchase. Among 300 copies of the distributed questionnaire, 259 copies were collected for this study. It used a total of 283 copies as the effective samples for empirical analysis except 12 copies with false entries among them. For data analysis, it conducted frequency analysis, validity and reliability analysis, factor analysis, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 12.0. As a result, Hypothesis 1 was significant while Hypothesis 2, 3, and 5 were partially significant. On the contrary, Hypothesis 4 was not significant. Therefore, lifestyle patterns had partially significant effects on decision making process for dining-out purchase. This study subdivided dining-out consumers' lifestyles which were limited to dietary life, and also subdivided decision making process for dining-out consumers' dining-out purchase into five stages. It is significant and very suggestive that this study identified what lifestyle patterns concretely had significant effects on the specific decision making stage. In the future, the researches on adolescent class and silver class should be executed continuously.

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