• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2023

Background: Multiple rib fractures are common in blunt chest trauma. Until recently, most surgical rib fixations for multiple rib fractures were performed via open thoracotomy. However, due to the invasive nature of tissue dissection and the resulting large wound, an alternative endoscopic approach has emerged that minimizes the postoperative complications caused by the manipulation of injured tissue and lung during an open thoracotomy. Methods: Our study concentrated on patients with multiple rib fractures who underwent surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) between June 2018 and May 2020. We found 27 patients who underwent SSRF using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The study design was a retrospective review of the patients' charts and surgical records. Results: No intraoperative events or procedure-related deaths occurred. Implant-related irritation occurred in 4 patients, and 1 death resulted from concomitant trauma. The average hospital stay was 30.2±20.1 days, and ventilators were used for 12 of the 22 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. None of the patients experienced major pulmonary complications such as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Conclusion: Minimally invasive rib stabilization surgery with the assistance of a thoracoscope is expected to become more widely used in patients with multiple rib fractures. This method will also assist patients in a quick recovery.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.361-378
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• 2023

This research not only determined the preference of fashion brand distribution channels of active Korean and Chinese seniors who became major consumers in the fashion industry, but also analyzed the effect on these preferences and choices of distribution channels depending on personal consumption characteristics and differences between the two groups. Data was collected by a professional survey firm. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used for empirical analysis, and frequency analysis, multiple response analysis, EFA, reliability analysis, CFA, SEM, and multiple-group comparison analysis were performed. As a result of multiple response analysis, the offline channel was revealed as the preferred fashion distribution channel for active Korean and Chinese seniors; the second most popular was the online channel. The results of multiple-group comparison analysis reveal differences between two groups in seeking emotional consumption via the offline channel; the effect was only evident for active Korean seniors. A difference in seeking emotional consumption via preference for online channel also existed, but only for active Chinese seniors. For these reasons, marketers targeting active Korean seniors will be effective to not only offer brand information by fashion display to let seniors understand the fashion brand, but also to have brand events to form positive emotions toward the fashion brand. Moreover, targeting active Chinese seniors will be necessary to transmit brand sensibility by utilizing metaverse marketing comprising various factors, so that consumers can enjoy the fashion brand.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2010

Nowadays it is required to design intelligent visual surveillance systems which automatically detect abandoned objects in public places to strengthen the social safety. Already recognized abandoned objects can be occluded partially or fully by surrounding people in public places after the first recognition. To improve an essential recognition performance index PAT, the system should overcome the occlusion problems. In this research, a design scheme is newly proposed to construct the robust detection system which is comprised of multiple stages considering the occlusion problem. To show the feasibilities of the proposed system, the evaluation was tried for the prepared image streams including 6 various situations and the experimental results show 96% and 75% in PAT performance for intrusion and abandoning events, respectively. Finally in spite of full occlusions by multiple persons, the proposed system shows the capability to continuously recognize the abandoned object after complex occlusions disappear.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.237-245
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the levels of self-awareness, assertiveness, life stress, and empathy in nursing students and identify influential factors on empathy. Methods: A predictive correlational design was used. The data was collected by questionnaires from a convenience sample of 319 nursing students in 2014 in Korea. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean items scores of self-awareness, assertiveness, life stress, and empathy were 3.49, 3.02, 2.20 and 3.58, respectively, of a possible score ranging from 1 to 5. Empathy significantly differed by gender, grade, satisfaction with nursing as a major, and clinical practice experience. Empathy was correlated with self-awareness and interpersonal relationship stress. As a result of multiple regression analysis, empathy accounted for 20.1% of the variance by self-awareness, gender, clinical practice experience and interpersonal relationship stress. The most important factor was self-awareness, which explained 11.6% of the variation. Conclusion: The results of the study reveal that strengthening self-awareness and relieving interpersonal relationship stress ought to be integrated in developing effective educational intervention for enhancing empathy in nursing students.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.537-549
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• 2017

One of the main concerns of civil engineering researchers is developing or modifying an energy dissipation system that can effectively control structural vibrations, and keep the structural response within tolerable limits during unpredictable events like earthquakes, wind and any kind of thrust load. This article proposes a new type of mass damper system for controlling wideband earthquake vibrations, called Multiple Wall Dampers (MWD). The basic principle of the Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) was used to design the proposed wall damper system. This passive energy dissipation system does not require additional mass for the damping system because the boundary wall mass of the building was used as a damper mass. The multi-mode approach was applied to determine the location and design parameters of the dampers. The dampers were installed based on the maximum amplitude of modes. To optimize the damper parameters, the multi-objective optimization Response Surface Methodology was used, with frequency response and maximum displacement as the objective functions. The obtained structural responses under different earthquake forces demonstrated that the MWD is one of the most capable tools for reducing the responses of multi-storied buildings, and this system can be practically used for new and existing building structures.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.655-666
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• 2008

In the past 20 years, seismic isolation has see a variety of applications in design of structures to mitigate seismic hazard. In particular, isolation has been seen as a means of achieving enhanced seismic performance objectives, such as those for hospitals, critical emergency response facilities, mass electronic data storage centers, and similar buildings whose functionality following a major seismic event is either critical to the public welfare or the financial solvency of an organization. While achieving these enhanced performance objectives is a natural (and oftentimes requisite) application of seismic isolation, little attention has been given to the extension of current design practice to isolated buildings which may have more conventional performance objectives. The development of a rational design methodology for isolated buildings requires thorough investigation of the behavior of isolated structures subjected to seismic input of various recurrence intervals, and which are designed to remain elastic only under frequent events. This paper summarizes these investigations, and proposed a consistent probabilistic framework within which any combination of performance objectives may be met. Analytical simulations are presented, the results are summarized. The intent of this work is to allow a building owner to make informed decisions regarding tradeoffs between superstructure performance (drifts, accelerations) and isolation system performance. Within this framework, it is possible to realize the benefits of designing isolated buildings for which the design criteria allows consideration of multiple performance goals.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2017

In connection-oriented data transport services, data loss can occur when a service experiences a problem in its end-to-end path. To resolve the problem promptly, the data transport systems providing the service must quickly modify their internal configurations, which are distributed among different locations within each system. The configurations are modified through a series of problem (event) handling procedures, which are carried out by multiple control processors in the system. This paper proposes a provisioning-to-signaling method for inter-control-processor messaging to improve the time efficiency of event processing. This method simplifies the sharing of the runtime event, and minimizes the time variability caused by the amount of event data, which results in a decrease in the latency time and an increase in the time determinacy when processing global events. The proposed method was tested for an event that required 4,000 internal path changes, and was found to lessen the latency time of global event processing by about 50% compared with the time required for general methods to do the same; in addition, it reduced the impact of the event data on the event processing time to about 30%.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.493-515
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• 2008

Semi-active control systems have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because these systems can operate on battery power alone, proving advantageous during seismic events when the main power source of the structure may likely fail. The behavior of semi-active devices is often highly non-linear and requires suitable and efficient control algorithm. This paper presents the comparative study and performance of variable semi-active friction dampers by using recently proposed predictive control law with direct output feedback. In this control law, the variable slip force of semi-active variable friction damper is kept slightly lower than the critical friction force, which allows the damper to remain in the slip state during an earthquake, resulting in improved energy dissipation capability. This control algorithm is able to produce a continuous and smooth slip forces for a variable friction damper. The numerical examples include a structure controlled with multiple variable semi-active friction dampers and with multiple passive friction dampers. A parameter, gain multiplier defined as the ratio of damper force to critical damper control force, is investigated under four different real earthquake ground motions, which plays an important role in the present control algorithm of the damper. The numerically evaluated optimum parametric value is considered for the analysis of the structure with dampers. The numerical results of the variable friction dampers show better performance over the passive dampers in reducing the seismic response of structures.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

In this paper, we developed a method for predicting the tracking performance of the multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) algorithm. The MHT algerithm is known to be a measurement-oriented optimal Bayesian approach and is superior to any other tracking filters because it takes into account the events that the measurements can be originated from new targets and false alarms as well as interesting targets. In the MHT algorithm, a number of candidate hypotheses are generated and evaluated later as more data are received. The probability of each candidate hypotheses is approximately evaluated by using the hybrid conditional average approach (HYCA). We performed numerical experiments to show the validity of our performance prediction.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2014

In this paper, an implementation of concurrent backoff delay process on a single chip with IEEE 802.15.4 hardware and 8051 processor core that can be used for analyzing the interference on IEEE 802.15.4 channels due to WiFi traffics is studied. The backoff delay process of IEEE 802.15.4 CSMA-CA algorithm is explained. The characteristics of random number generator, timer, and CCA register included in the single chip are described with their control procedure in order to implement the process. A concurrent backoff delay process to evaluate multiple IEEE 802.15.4 channels is proposed, and a method to service the associated tasks at sequentially ordered backoff delay events occurring on the channels is explained. For the implementation of the concurrent backoff delay process on a single chip IEEE 802.15.4 hardware, the elements for the single channel backoff delay process and their control procedure are used to be extended to multiple channels with little modification. The medium access delay on each channel, which is available after execution of the concurrent backoff delay process, is displayed on the LCD of an IEEE 802.15.4 channel analyzer. The experimental results show that we can easily identify the interference on IEEE 802.15.4 channels caused by WiFi traffics in comparison with the way displaying measured channel powers.