• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.587-594
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• 2005

In the paper, after we propose a viterbi decoder which has multiple buffering and parallel processing decoding scheme through expanding time-divided imput signal, and map a FPGA, we implement a channel coding system together with PC-based software. Continuous input signal is buffered as order of decoding length and is parallel decoded using a high speed cell for viterbi decoding. Output data rate increases linearly with the cell formed the viterbi decoder, and flexible operation can be satisfied by programming controller and modifying input buffer. The tell for viterbi decoder consists of HD block for calculating hamming distance, CM block for calculating value in each state, TB block for trace-back operation, and LIFO. The implemented cell of viterbi decoder used 351 LAB(Logic Arrary Block) and stably operated in maximum 139MHz in APEX20KC EP20K600CB652-7 FPGA of ALTERA. The whole viterbi decoder including viterbi decoding cells, input/output buffers, and a controller occupied the hardware resource of $23\%$ and has the output data rate of 1Gbps.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.1A
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

In this paper, we described a received signal model in terms of the starting point of FFT window and derive a post-detection SINR for the receiver with MMSE filter and the corresponding filter coefficients in order to mitigate the effects of interferences caused by time and frequency selective fading channels and time difference of arrival (TDoA) in OFDMA-based Mesh Networks. In addition, we proposed an MMSE Bidirectional Successive Detection (BSD) technique which can suppress the effects of interferences among multi-nodes without any redundant FFT operations. It was shown by simulation that the proposed interference suppression technique has not an error floor at higher average SNR than 30dB in terms of 64QAM uncoded BER contrary to the conventional techniques.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1037-1051
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge of dental hygienists on CPR, their CPR attitude and performance ability in an effort to offer data that can contribute to the development of a more effective CPR education program. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was filled out by 234 dental hygienists in Jeollanam and Jeollabukdo from February 24 to May 20, 2017. The questionnaire asked dental hygienists of the knowledge, attitude, performance ability in regards to CPR. The data were analyzed using SPSS Window ver. 19.0 program through independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regression analysis. The Cronbach alpha of their CPR knowledge was 0.78, and that of attitude to CPR was 0.79. The Cronbach alpha of CPR performance ability was 0.96. Results: The dental hygienists surveyed in this study who were aware of CPR accounted for 88.9% of total subjects. Dental hygienists who were certified in CPR accounted for 20.5% of total subjects. They received a score of 7.66 on CPR knowledge, 3.33 on attitude and 2.61 on performance ability. There was a positive correlation between the knowledge and attitude, between the knowledge and performance ability and between the attitude and performance ability (r=0.332, r=0.461, r=0.426). A regression analysis showed that the dental hygienists who were younger, who graduated from a four-year university or a higher educational institution, who were CPR certificate holders, who received more CPR education, who were cognizant of automated external defibrillator, who were more knowledgeable on CPR and who took a more positive attitude were more likely to be affected in terms of CPR performance. Conclusions: The dental hygienists surveyed were aware of CPR on the whole, but their CPR knowledge, attitude and performance were not sufficient to perform CPR in emergency situations. More intensive education should be provided for dental hygienists to have an accurate knowledge of CPR to carry it out with a positive attitude.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 1991

This study aims to develop techniques for generating Digital Elevation Model(DEM) from SPOT Computer Compatible Tape(CCT) data, so as to present an effective way of generation of DEM for large area. As the first phase of extracting ground heights from SPOT stereo digital data, the bundle adjustment technique was used to determine the satellite exterior orientation parameters. Because SPOT data has the characteristics of multiple perspective projection, exterior orientation Parameters were modelled as a function of scan lines. In the second phase, a normalized cross correlation matching technique was applied to search for the conjugate pixels ill stereo pairs. The preliminary study showed that the matching window size of 13$\times$13 was adequate. After image coordinates of the conjugate pixels were determined by the matching technique, the ground coordinates of the corresponding pixels were calculated by the space intersection method. Then DEM was generated by interpolations. In addtion an algorithm for the elimination of abnormal elevation was developed and applied. The algorithm was very effective to improve the accuracy of the generated DEM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1589-1594
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• 2013

V.M.D(Visual Merchandising Design) covers every space, environment, and visually stimulating factor. This includes not only the architectural appearance but interior, graphic sign boards, window display, layout, store appliances, lighting, and even the looks and service attitude that sales employees have and show to customers. V.M.D aims to display merchandise in multiple ways; to heighten brand images; to steadily lure many customers to the store. One of the characteristics that V.M.D has is, that this abandons the previous design concept which solely puts stress on luxurious interior-focused display; that this displays merchandise in a rational and systemic way and induces customers to buy products. In this regard, the objective of this study is to study brand perception and effect of V.M.D displayed in the stores, on customers, and thereby to present the concepts of V.M.D, suitable for display in the stores, which can be used continuously in the future.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is the next-generation technology mitigating the bottleneck between high-capacity local area networks (LANs) and a backbone network. The bottleneck is aggrevated depending on burstiness and long range dependence (LRD) of traffic characteristics as well as amount of outgoing traffic from the high-capacity LANs. The proposed scheme decreases average packet delay for data upstreaming by considering such traffic characteristics to dynamically allocate bandwidth to multiple optical network units (ONUs). In addition, it can appropriately support delay-sensitive traffic such as constant bit ratio (CBR) traffic by making maximum cycle time fix regardless of the number of ONUs. The comprehensive simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme acheives up to 77% and 82% lower than previous schemes in terms of average packet delay and average queue size while it limits the maximum cycle time to twice of the basic cycle time.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.33 no.1_2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

The client request scheduling techniques for web server can classified into the scheduling techniques considering a document size to be requested and not. The scheduling techniques considering a document site to be requested provides a better average response time than another As the size-based SRPT(Shortest Remaining Processing Time first) is typical, and the most of scheduling techniques considering a web document size are based on SRPT. Most of existing researches, however, have not considered the feature of HTTP/1.1 which enable the clients to request concurrent multiple inlined-contents in a HTML document via each connection. In this paper we propose a connection scheduling technique with the scheduling window which provides a better response time in HTTP/1.1. The experimental results show that the performance with the proposed approach is improved about $10\%$ more than the connection scheduling with SRPT.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.924-932
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• 2014

This study investigated intake of energy drinks, side effects and willingness to stop intake of 255 high school students in Gyeoungbuk region. The data were collected by the self-administered questionnaire. Frequency, t test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and ${\chi}^2$ test were conducted by SPSS Window V.21.0. About 78% of the respondents had experience of intake of energy drinks. The respondents were aware of energy drinks from 'advertisements on mass media (44.3%)', 'friends (32.2%)', and 'looking in stores (16.9%)'. The mean of the amount of energy drink intake per day was 30.62 mg. Forty-four percent of the respondents had energy drinks during an examination period, and 37% took it at home. The main reasons for intake of energy drinks were 'to fight off sleepiness', 'to recover from fatigue', and 'good taste' in order. Many respondents answered that energy drinks did not much help to increase concentration or learning ability. About 72% of the respondents experienced 'not feel sleepy' after having energy drinks. Half of the respondents experienced side effects such as palpitation, insomnia, and increase of urination. Most respondents had willingness to stop having energy drinks if it had bad effect on health.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.140-147
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel feeding method that uses a windshield ground in a vehicle. The feeding method enables for various antennas to integrate easily in a vehicle windshield. To connect a coaxial feeding cable directly to the windshield ground, we inserted a coaxial-to-ground adapter between the cable and the ground, and reflection coefficients using the proposed feeding method were compared to that using a conventional feeding method. The size and position of the windshield ground were optimized in order to achieve a high radiation gain in the azimuth direction. Then the triangular WiBro patch antenna, incorporating the proposed feeding method, was designed and installed on a rear windshield of a commercial sedan. The antenna using the proposed feeding method shows a similar reflection coefficient, and it shows 2 dB increased average azimuth radiation gain compared to that using a conventional sash ground method. These results demonstrate that the proposed feeding method can be applicable for integrating multiple antennas in a rear windshield.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.8B no.6
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• pp.699-704
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• 2001

ABSTRACT In this paper, a new hybrid modular recurrent TDNN (time-delay neural network)-HMM (hidden Markov model) architecture for speech recognition has been studied. In TDNN, the recognition rate could be increased if the signal window is extended. To obtain this effect in the neural network, a high-level memory generated through a feedback within the first hidden layer of the neural network unit has been used. To increase the ability to deal with the temporal structure of phonemic features, the input layer of the network has been divided into multiple states in time sequence and has feature detector for each states. To expand the network from small recognition task to the full speech recognition system, modular construction method has been also used. Furthermore, the neural network and HMM are integrated by feeding output vectors from the neural network to HMM, and a new parameter smoothing method which can be applied to this hybrid system has been suggested.