• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

The term, "food safety", has traditionally been viewed as a practical science aimed at assuring the prevention acute illnesses caused by biological microorganisms, and only to a minor extent, chronic diseases cause by chronic low level exposures to natural and synthetic chemicals or pollutants. "food safety" meant to prevent microbiological agents/toxins in/on foods, due to contamination any where from "farm to Fork", from causing acute health effects, especially to the young, immune-compromised, genetically-predisposed and elderly. However, today a broader view must also include the fact that diet, perse (nutrients, vitamins/minerals, calories), as well as low level toxins and pollutant or supplemented synthetic chemicals, can alter gene expressions of stem/progenitor/terminally-differentiated cells, leading to chronic inflammation and other mal-functions that could lead to diseases such as cancer, diabetes, atherogenesis and possibly reproductive and neurological disorders. Understanding of the mechanisms by which natural or synthetic chemical toxins/toxicants, in/on food, interact with the pathogenesis of acute and chronic diseases, should lead to a "systems" approach to "food safety". Clearly, the interactions of diet/food with the genetic background, gender, and developmental state of the individual, together with (a) interactions of other endogenous/exogenous chemicals/drugs; (b) the specific biology of the cells being affected; (c) the mechanisms by which the presence or absence of toxins/toxicants and nutrients work to cause toxicities; and (d) how those mechanisms affect the pathogenesis of acute and/or chronic diseases, must be integrated into a "system" approach. Mechanisms of how toxins/toxicants cause cellular toxicities, such as mutagenesis; cytotoxicity and altered gene expression, must take into account (a) irreversible or reversal changes caused by these toxins or toxicants; (b)concepts of thresholds or no-thresholds of action; and (c) concepts of differential effects on stem cells, progenitor cells and terminally differentiated cells in different organs. This brief Commentary tries to illustrate this complex interaction between what is on/in foods with one disease, namely cancer. Since the understanding of cancer, while still incomplete, can shed light on the multiple ways that toxins/toxicants, as well as dietary modulation of nutrients/vitamins/metals/ calories, can either enhance or reduce the risk to cancer. In particular, diets that alter the embryo-fetal micro-environment might dramatically alter disease formation later in life. In effect "food safety" can not be assessed without understanding how food could be 'toxic', or how that mechanism of toxicity interacts with the pathogenesis of any disease.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제56권
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• pp.71-85
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• 2011

이 논문은 1987년 정간법 제정을 계기로 구축된 신문의 소유규제 제도가 2005년 신문법으로 전부 개정되면서 강화되었고, 2009년에 다시 개정되면서 위기에 직면하게 되는 과정을 언론법제사적 측면에서 검토한다. 1987년, 헌법 제21조 제3항의 신문기능 법정주의에 근거해서 정립된 신문의 소유규제 제도는 2005년 신문법으로 강화되었다가 2006년 신문법 헌법소원 결정에 따라 위축되기 시작한다. 2009년 신문법과 방송법이 개정되면서 신문 방송 겸영 규제, 복수신문 소유 규제 등은 존재하지 않게 되었다. 그 과정에서 야당도 신문방송의 제한적인 교차소유를 허용하였기 때문에 1987년에 형성된 신문소유 규제 제도는 해체 위기에 직면했다. 신문방송의 교차소유 허용 등의 규제완화가 미디어환경의 변화와 여론지배력의 추이 등을 장기적으로 검토하고 결정해야 할 정책적인 사안임에도 불구하고 이렇게 단기간에 도입하는 것은 위험한 일이다. 신문은 정치여론 형성에 있어서 지상파방송과 함께 강력한 미디어이다. 신문여론시장을 과점하고 있는 신문들의 여론지배력이 보도방송 영역까지 전이될 수 있다는 우려를 무시하기 어렵기 때문이다. 미디어소유 집중으로 정치적 다원주의가 위축되어 궁극적으로 민주주의가 위협받을 개연성이 있다는 점에서 신문 소유규제의 완화는 장기적인 사회적 논의가 전제되어야 할 것이다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.207-223
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• 2003

For last five years, we are developing the novel local drug delivery devices using biodegradable polymers, especially polylactide (PLA) and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) due to its relatively good biocompatibility, easily controlled biodegradability, good processability and only FDA approved synthetic degradable polymers. The relationship between various kinds of drug [water soluble small molecule drugs: gentamicin sulfate (GS), fentanyl citrate (FC), BCNU, azidothymidine (AZT), pamidronate (ADP), $1,25(OH)_2$ vitamin $D_3$, water insoluble small molecule drugs: fentanyl, ipriflavone (IP) and nifedipine, and water soluble large peptide molecule drug: nerve growth factor (NGF), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)], different types of geometrical devices [microspheres (MSs), microcapsule, nanoparticle, wafers, pellet, beads, multiple-layered beads, implants, fiber, scaffolds, and films], and pharmacological activity are proposed and discussed for the application of pharmaceutics and tissue engineering. Also, local drug delivery devices proposed in this work are introduced in view of preparation method, drug release behavior, biocompatibility, pharmacological effect, and animal studies. In conclusion, we can control the drug release profiles varying with the preparation, formulation and geometrical parameters. Moreover, any types of drug were successfully applicable to achieve linear sustained release from short period ($1{\sim}3$ days) to long period (over 2 months). It is very important to design a suitable formulation for the wanting period of bioactive molecules loaded in biodegradable polymers for the local delivery of drug. The drug release is affected by many factors such as hydrophilicity of drug, electric charge of drug, drug loading amount, polymer molecular weight, the monomer composition, the size of implants, the applied fabrication techniques, and so on. It is well known that the commercialization of new drug needs a lot of cost of money (average: over 10 million US dollar per one drug) and time (average: above 9 years) whereas the development of DDS and high effective generic drug might be need relatively low investment with a short time period. Also, one core technology of DDS can be applicable to many drugs for the market needs. From these reasons, the DDS research on potent generic drugs might be suitable for less risk and high return.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2010

This study examined the satisfaction of the married women from aged 20s through 50s with well-being oriented foods, considering the importance of each subordinate field and verifying the differences between the groups according to socio-demographic factors, purchase behavior factors, and well-being oriented dietary life factors, followed by an analysis of the relative influence of those relevant factors. A preliminary survey was conducted from January 4th-11th, 2009 to check if there were any problems or misunderstood parts before the main survey. After the preliminary study was conducted, certain problems were adjusted and supplemented, and then the main survey was conducted for twenty-three days, from January 4th to February 5th, 2009. The summaries of this study are as follows: First, in the view of the purchase behavior, the mainly purchased well-being oriented foods were farm products, and the leading purpose of the purchase was for the parents and the children. It was shown that 30% or more of the information sources on well-being oriented foods were families, relatives and neighbors. More than 66% of the purchasing was done at wholesale marts and the topped purchasing frequency was from 5 to 6 per month. More than 71% of payments for well-being oriented foods were \50,000~100,000 per month. More than 51% of the respondents answered that the proper price of well-being oriented foods was 1.2 times to 1.5 times of that of other foods. Second, the satisfaction of the well-being oriented foods was ranked as 3.21 to 3.28 out of 5, and varied with the usages and the methods of weights. Investigating the satisfaction with each subordinate field, the satisfaction with price was shown to be low. The satisfaction with the assortments of foods and the satisfaction with the therapeutic degree by thorough investigation and management of foods were also relatively low. Third, well-being oriented dietary behavior was shown to be characterized by two factors, through factor analysis in this study. One was an eco-friendly oriented behavioral factor and the other was a health oriented selective factor. Fourth, the stepwise multiple regression analysis results investigating the relative influence of the factors effecting satisfaction with well-being oriented foods showed that the top ranked factor affecting total satisfaction was eco-friendly oriented behavioral factor, followed by education level and purchasing sites, especially of consumer groups.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건설관리학회 2008년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.572-577
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• 2008

한국 건설산업의 전략적 선진 프로젝트 매니지먼트 적용을 위해 유럽, 미국, 일본 등 선진국의 프로젝트 매니지먼트 지식체계를 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 프로젝트 매니지먼트 지식체계의 이론적 배경 기반에는 '전략'의 '실행' 연계가 중요한 공통 이슈로 대두되며, 개별 프로젝트에서 복합 프로젝트를 관리 경영하는 통합 기반의 '프로그램 매니지먼트'와 선택과 집중을 하기 위한 '포트폴리오 매니지먼트'를 연계한 전략기획을 강조하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국 건설산업의 전략 실행을 위한 전략적 선진 프로젝트 매니지먼트 적용의 기본틀을 구축하고 현재 한국건설산업에 적용하기 위한 실천방안으로 1) 조직의 전략 실행을 위한 '이념과 철학' 구축으로 글로벌 경쟁력 혁신 2)조직의 문화와 구조를 고려한 전략적 '환경' 구축, 3) 조직의 실현 가능한 목표를 달성할 수 있는 전략적 '비전' 제시, 4)이러한 전략과 연계된 포트폴리오 매니지먼트를 통한 '투자', 5) 포트폴리오를 통한 프로그램, 프로젝트 매니지먼트 '실행' 그리고 마지막으로 이들의 통합체제 구축과 운영으로 '성과' 획득을 할 수 있도록 한국 건설산업의 전략적 선진 프로젝트 매니지먼트를 적용한 지속 가능한 발전 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.480-480
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• 2008

Vacuum circuit breaker(VCB) is now emerging as an alternative of gas circuit breaker(GCB) which uses SF6 gas as insulating material whose dielectric strength is outstanding. But we have to reduce SF6 gas because SF6 gas is one of greenhouse gas and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas are now trend of the world. Therefore, we can say VCB is the optimal alternative of GCB because vacuum is environmentally friendly. The vacuum interrupter is the core part of VCB to interrupt arcing current. There are mainly two methods to extinguish arc. One is radial magnetic field (RMF) method and the other is axial magnetic field (AMF) method. We deals with RMF method in this paper. Compared with AMP, RMF arc quenching method has different principle to extinguish arc. In case of RMF method, pinch effect is much larger than AMF method. Because of pinch effect RMF type contact electrodes have the single large spot which is severly damaged and melted while AMF type contact electrodes have small and multiple spots which are slightly damaged and melted. To prevent contact electrode being damaged and melted from high temperature-arc, RMF method uses Lorentz force to move arc. In this paper we calculated and compared the arc driving force of two cases and we analyzed the force acting on each part of arc by means of commercial finite element method software Maxwell 3D. They have 3petals and we considered two cases. One is the case when fixed(upper) and movable(lower) contacts are in mirror arrangement (Case 1). The other is the case when one of two contacts (movable contact) is revolved at maximum angle as possible as it can be (Case 2). And at each case above, we analyzed arc driving force at two positions, position 1 is the closest to the center of contact and position 2 is near the edge of petal on fixed contact. As a result we could find that Case 2 generated stronger arc driving force than Case 1 at position 1. But at position 2 Case 1 generated stronger arc driving force than Case 2. This simulation method can contribute to optimizing spiral-type electrode designs in a view of arc driving force.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권3D호
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• pp.363-373
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• 2011

경제성장과 더불어 우리 삶을 구성하고 있는 주변 환경의 질에 대한 관심과 요구가 높아지고 도로 이용자 측면에서도 쾌적성, 심리적 안정 및 안락성 등을 고려한 도로경관 조성에 대한 관심이 확대되면서 도로의 질적인 개선 노력이 요구되고 있다. 따라서 공학적인 측면에서 기준화된 설계지침이 아닌 도로 이용자 측면에서의 감성인지를 고려한 안전하고 쾌적한 도로설계 기준의 정립이 절실히 필요한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 도심지 주요 도로의 도로 횡단면 구성요소를 중심으로 도로 이용자들이 느끼는 도로경관에 대한 감성인지 실험을 통해 만족도를 조사하고 주성분과 군집분석, 다중회귀모형 등을 통해 도로경관 구성요소와의 관계성을 규명하였다. 분석결과 보통의 보도경관 만족도를 확보하기 위해서는 차로 폭은 3~5m, 차로 수는 2~5차로, 길어깨 폭은 0.55~1.43m, 유효 보도 폭은 2.2~3.9m, 중앙 화단 폭은 1.05~1.9m, 중앙 가로수 높이는 6.25~14.5m, 중앙 여유 폭은 0.65~1.625m, 보도 가로수 높이는 6.4~15m, 건물 높이는 18~44m(6~15층) 범위에 있어야 함을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.252-264
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• 2008

본 연구는 안면비대칭 환자의 악교정수술 시 경조직 이동에 따른 연조직 변화를 정면에서 평가함으로써 정면 얼굴 이미지 시뮬레이션 프로그램 개발에 도움이 되고자 시행되었다. 안면비대칭이 동반된 하악골 수술 예정 환자 45명을 대상으로 정모 두부방사선규격사진과 얼굴사진(photo)을 술전 및 술후에 각각 같은 각도로 촬영한 후, 술전 및 술후의 방사선사진을 이용하여 경조직 계측점의 변화를, 얼굴사진을 이용하여 연조직 계측점의 변화를 수평 및 수직으로 구분하여 각각 측정한 후 경조직 변화에 따른 연조직 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 연조직 변화와 경조직 변화의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 수평 방향, 수직 방향 모두에서 전반적으로 낮은 상관성을 보였으며, 1 : 1 mean ratio 산출을 위하여 서로 상관성이 가장 높은 경조직 계측점을 연조직 계측점별로 선택한 결과 직하방에 있는 경조직보다는 다소 멀리 떨어져 있는 경조직 계측점이 선택되는 경우가 많이 나타났다. 경조직 변화를 이용하여 연조직 변화를 예측할 수 있는 회귀방정식을 연조직 계측점별로 산출한 결과 연조직 수평변화 예측에 경조직 수직변화도 사용되고 연조직 수직변화 예측에 경조직 수평변화도 사용되었으며, 수평과 수직변화 모두에서 가장 설명력이 높은 방정식은 연조직 menton에서 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과 하부 경조직 계측점과 상부 연조직 계측점의 비율을 이용하는 1 : 1 mean ratio 방법은 불가능한 것으로 나타난 반면 회귀분석을 이용한 연조직 변화 예측은 임상에 도움이 될 수 있는 것으로 나타나 정면 이미지의 경우 컴퓨터를 이용한 시뮬레이션 프로그램이 반드시 필요함을 시사하였다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

The structures of reinforced concrete has been extensively increased with rapid development of industrial society. Futhermore, these reinforced concretes are easy to expose to severe corrosive environments such as sea water, contaminated water, acid rain and seashore etc.. Thus, corrosion problem of inner steel bar embedded in concrete is very important in terms of safety and economical point of view. In this study, multiple mortar test specimen(W/C:0.4) with six types having different cover thickness each other was prepared and was immerged in seawater solution for five years to evaluate the effect of cover thickness and immersion years to corrosion property of embedded steel bar. And the polarization characteristics of these embedded steel bars was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measuring corrosion potential, cathodic polarization curve, and cyclic voltammogram. At the beginning of immersion, the corrosion potentials exhibited increasingly nobler values with increasing cover thickness. However, after immersed for 5 years, the thicker cover of thickness, the corrosion potentials shifted in the negative direction, and the relationship between corrosion potential and cover thickness was not in good agreement with each other. Therefore, it is considered that the thinner cover of thickness, corrosive products deposited on the surface of the embedded steel bar plays the role as a resistance polarization which is resulted in decreasing the corrosion rate as well as shifting the corrosion potential in the positive direction. As a result, it seemed that the evaluation which corrosion possibility of the reinforced steel would be estimated by only measuring the corrosion potential may not be a completely desirable method. Therefore, it is suggested that we should take into account various parameters, including cover thickness, passed aged years as well as corrosion potential for more accurate assessment of corrosion possibility of reinforced steel which is exposed to partially or fully in marine environment for long years.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2005

치아유착은 치근의 상아질 또는 백악질이 치조골과 융합된 것으로 치아의 맹출이상을 야기하여 치조골 성장의 장애를 일으킨다. 본 6세 여아는 유구치의 유착과 영구 소구치의 결손을 주소로 본과에 의뢰되었으며 특이할 만한 의과적, 치과적 병력은 없었다. 구강 검진 소견상 상, 하악의 좌, 우측 유구치에서 저위교합이 관찰되었으며, 다수의 치아우식증이 존재하였다. 방사선 사진 검사 소견상 상악의 좌, 우측 영구 견치와 계승 소구치의 결손, 상악 유구치의 치근흡수와 하악 유구치의 치주인대공간의 소실 및 미약한 치근흡수가 관찰되었다. 계승 영구치의 결손을 동반한 유구치 유착시 치료목표는 적절한 치조골 성장과 유치의 유지이며, 유착의 발현 시기와 치근의 흡수 정도에 따라 관찰, 수복 또는 발치 등의 치료를 고려할 수 있다. 유착치아의 발치는 인접 치조골 성장에 문제가 없고 인접치의 경사가 일어나지 않도록 최대성장점(growth spurt)을 고려하여 그 시기를 결정해야 한다.