• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1387-1399
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and trends for milk, fat, and protein yields in the first three lactations of Thai dairy cattle using a 3-trait,-3-lactation random regression test-day model. Methods: Data included 168,996, 63,388, and 27,145 test-day records from the first, second, and third lactations, respectively. Records were from 19,068 cows calving from 1993 to 2013 in 124 herds. (Co) variance components were estimated by Bayesian methods. Gibbs sampling was used to obtain posterior distributions. The model included herd-year-month of testing, breed group-season of calving-month in tested milk group, linear and quadratic age at calving as fixed effects, and random regression coefficients for additive genetic and permanent environmental effects, which were defined as modified constant, linear, quadratic, cubic and quartic Legendre coefficients. Results: Average daily heritabilities ranged from 0.36 to 0.48 for milk, 0.33 to 0.44 for fat and 0.37 to 0.48 for protein yields; they were higher in the third lactation for all traits. Heritabilities of test-day milk and protein yields for selected days in milk were higher in the middle than at the beginning or end of lactation, whereas those for test-day fat yields were high at the beginning and end of lactation. Genetics correlations (305-d yield) among production yields within lactations (0.44 to 0.69) were higher than those across lactations (0.36 to 0.68). The largest genetic correlation was observed between the first and second lactation. The genetic trends of 305-d milk, fat and protein yields were 230 to 250, 25 to 29, and 30 to 35 kg per year, respectively. Conclusion: A random regression model seems to be a flexible and reliable procedure for the genetic evaluation of production yields. It can be used to perform breeding value estimation for national genetic evaluation in the Thai dairy cattle population.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.4 s.193
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• pp.84-92
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• 2007

Dynamic process planning requires not only more flexible capabilities of a CAPP system but also higher utility of the generated process plans. In order to meet the requirements, this paper develops an algorithm that can select machines for the machining operations by calculating the machine loads. The developed algorithm is based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm that gives rise to a set of optimal solutions (in general, known as the Pareto-optimal solutions). The objective is to satisfy both the minimization number of part movements and the maximization of machine utilization. The algorithm is characterized by a new and efficient method for nondominated sorting through K-means algorithm, which can speed up the running time, as well as a method of two stages for genetic operations, which can maintain a diverse set of solutions. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing with another multiple objective genetic algorithm, called NSGA-II and branch and bound algorithm.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.151-160
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• 2013

In the past decades, several algorithms based on evolutionary approaches have been proposed for solving job shop scheduling problems (JSP), which is well-known as one of the most difficult combinatorial optimization problems. Most of them have concentrated on finding optimal solutions of a single objective, i.e., makespan, or total weighted tardiness. However, real-world scheduling problems generally involve multiple objectives which must be considered simultaneously. This paper proposes an efficient particle swarm optimization based approach to find a Pareto front for multi-objective JSP. The objective is to simultaneously minimize makespan and total tardiness of jobs. The proposed algorithm employs an Elite group to store the updated non-dominated solutions found by the whole swarm and utilizes those solutions as the guidance for particle movement. A single swarm with a mixture of four groups of particles with different movement strategies is adopted to search for Pareto solutions. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a set of benchmark problems and compared with the results from the existing algorithms. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of providing a set of diverse and high-quality non-dominated solutions.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.259-267
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• 2002

Objective: This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) single dose and multiple dose protocols for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with GnRH agonist long protocol. Materials and Method: From September 2001 to March 2002, 48 patients (55 cycles) were performed controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for ART using by either GnRH antagonist and GnRH agonist. Single dose of 3 mg GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (17 cycles, single dose group) at MCD #8 and multiple dose of 0.25 mg of GnRH antagonist was administered in 15 patients (18 cycles, multiple dose group) from MCD #7 to hCG injection day. GnRH agonist was administered in 18 patients (20 cycles, control group) by conventional GnRH agonist long protocol. We compared the implantation rate, number of embryos, and clinical pregnancy rate among three groups. Student-t test and Chi-square were used to determine statistical significance. Statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Results: There were no significant differences in ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos between single and multiple dose group, but compared with control group, ampules of used gonadotropins, number of mature oocytes, obtained embryos were decreased significantly in both groups. Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate were not different in three groups. There were no premature LH surge and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in three groups. Multiple pregnancy were occurred 1 case in multiple dose group and 2 case in control group. Conclusions: GnRH antagonist is a safe, effective, and alternative method in the controlled ovarian hyperstimulation compared with GnRH agonist. Clinical outcomes and efficacy of both single and multiple dose protocol are similar between two groups.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.375-386
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• 2012

Most engineering design problems require analyses or simulations to evaluate objective functions. However, a single simulation can take many hours or even days to finish for many real world problems. As a result, design optimization becomes impossible since they require hundreds or thousands of simulation evaluations. The surrogate-based optimization (SBO) strategy became a remedy for such computationally expensive analyses and simulations. A surrogate-based optimization strategy has been developed in this study in order to improve global optimization performance. The strategy is a heuristic algorithm and it exploits not only multiple surrogates, but also multiple optimizers. Multiple optimizations of multiple surrogate models yield multiple candidate design points of optima. During the sequential sampling process, the algorithm ranks candidate design points, selects the points as many as specified, and builds the improved surrogate model. Various mathematical functions with different numbers of design variables are chosen to compare the proposed method with the other most recent algorithm, MSEGO. The proposed method shows superior performance to the other method.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-152
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• 2009

The objective of this study, which applies the multiple-disciplinary approach to the developmental characteristics of children, is to study and develop a class model that can be applied to actual kindergarten classes in rural area. For this purpose, this study proposes teaching and learning methodologies for children based on English children's tales to help make the English education of children more effective and efficient. Based on the findings, the following suggestions should be considered for improving the English-education class model for kindergartners for rural areas: First, various activities based on the multiple-intelligence approach are important methods of children-oriented education advanced by the Sixth Children's Curriculum, helping children grow their independence and creativity. Second, various activities developed by this study on the basis of the multiple-intelligence approach to promote children's reading, listening, speaking, and writing abilities helped children improve their linguistic capacities, improve creativity, and remain motivated, which was reinforced by the differences found between the test group and the control group.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.625-629
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate simple and multiple regression models for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) concentration estimation in stream flow. For development (using water quality data in 2012) and evaluation (using water quality data in 2011) of regression models, we used water quality data from downstream of Yeongsan river basin during 2011 and 2012, and correlation analysis between TOC and water quality parameters was conducted. The concentrations of TOC were positively correlated with Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), TN (Total Nitrogen), Water Temperature (WT) and Electric Conductivity (EC). From these results, simple and multiple regression models for TOC estimation were developed as follows : $TOC=0.5809{\times}BOD+3.1557$, $TOC=0.4365{\times}COD+1.3731$. As a result of the application evaluation of the developed regression models, the multiple regression model was found to estimate TOC better than simple regression models.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.957-981
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• 2015

Earthquakes occur as a cluster in many regions around the world where complex fault systems exist. The repeated shaking usually induces accumulative damage to affected structures. Damage accumulation in structural systems increases their level of degradation in stiffness and also reduces their strength. Many existing analytical tools of modeling RC structures lack the salient damage features that account for stiffness and strength degradation resulting from repeated earthquake loading. Therefore, these tools are inadequate to study the response of structures in regions prone to multiple earthquakes hazard. The objective of this paper is twofold: (a) develop a tool that contains appropriate damage features for the numerical analysis of RC structures subjected to more than one earthquake; and (b) conduct a parametric study that investigates the effects of multiple earthquakes on the response of RC moment resisting frame systems. For this purpose, macroscopic constitutive models of concrete and steel materials that contain the aforementioned damage features and are capable of accurately capturing materials degrading behavior, are selected and implemented into fiber-based finite element software. Furthermore, finite element models that utilize the implemented concrete and steel stress-strain hysteresis are developed. The models are then subjected to selected sets of earthquake sequences. The results presented in this study clearly indicate that the response of degrading structural systems is appreciably influenced by strong-motion sequences in a manner that cannot be predicted from simple analysis. It also confirms that the effects of multiple earthquakes on earthquake safety can be very considerable.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.86 no.4
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• pp.535-546
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• 2023

In the present paper, multiple interface cracks between a functionally graded orthotropic coating and an orthotropic half-plane substrate under concentrated loading are considered by means of the distribution dislocation technique (DDT). With the use of integration of Fourier transform the problem is reduced to a system of Cauchy-type singular integral equations which are solved numerically to compute the dislocation density on the surfaces of the cracks. The distribution dislocation is a powerful method to calculate accurate solutions to plane crack problems, especially this method is very good to find SIFs for multiple unequal cracks located at the interface. Hence this technique allows considering any number of interface cracks. The primary objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the interaction of multiple interface cracks, load location, material orthotropy, nonhomogeneity parameters and geometry parameters on the modes I and II SIFs. Numerical results show that modes I/II SIFs decrease with increasing the nonhomogeneity parameter and the highest magnitude of SIF occurs where distances between the load location and crack tips are minimal.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.87-110
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• 1985

This paper presents optimum policy of water supply distribution of the Osaka Prefecural Waterworks System located in the midwest of Japanese Islands. Owing to the ever increasing demand for water, the Osaka Prefectural Government endeavors to expand potable and industrial water distribution system to satisfy the growing water demand of the constituents under its jurisdiction. In this regard, the paper discusses a problem of establishing an efficient and effective water distribution system. The criteria to be considered are stability of water level at the reservoirs, stability of flow in the network, and the water treatment and distribution cost. These objective functions may be combined to form a multiple objective optimization problem or may be used independently and formulated into single objective optimization problems.