• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.3
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• pp.575-588
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• 2021

Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a systemic fibro-inflammatory disease characterized by pathologic findings in various organs. Imaging is critical for the diagnosis and treatment assessment of patients with IgG4-related disease. In this pictorial essay, we review the key features of multiple imaging modalities, typical pathologic findings, and differential diagnosis of IgG4-related disease. This systematic pictorial review can further our understanding of the broad-spectrum manifestations of this disease.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.594-598
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• 2004

Signet ring cell carcinoma of lung is an unique variant of mucin producing adenocarcinoma which is characterized by abundant intracellular mucin accumulation. Only a few cases of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung have been reported in the world wide literature. And we have, recently experienced one case of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung. A 55 years old man was evaluated for paralysis of lower extremities and was found to have lung cancer in the left upper and lower lobe with pleural, multiple spinal, bone and liver metastases. Signet ring tumor cells were revealed by cytologic examination of pleural fluids. And there were no evidence of signet ring cell carcinoma of other organs. Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of lung seems to have an aggressive behavior and therapeutic modalities could be different from those for signet ring cell carcinomas from other organs. Therefore it is important to separate primary signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of lung from metastatic tumors.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2023

Among the discussions on affective representation, the first is to explain the affective representation in the dimensions, and the second is to explain the affective representation according to the modality. In previous studies, to explain affective representation, valence models (signed valence, unsigned valence) and Modality-generality models (modality-general, modality-specific) were presented. In this study, we compared models presented in the previous study using the recently published ASMR to confirm which models explain affective representation well. The data used in this study were behavioral rating values collected by Kim & Kim (2022), and these were obtained for ASMR stimuli that were divided into three affective types (negative, neutral, and positive) and two modalities (auditory and audiovisual). Then, a multidimensional scaling, a representational similarity analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, and a multiple regression analysis with a two-way repeated measures ANOVA were performed. The results revealed that signed valence and modality-general distinguished between affective types of stimuli better than unsigned valence and modality-specific. Similar to the results of multidimensional scaling, the results of a representational similarity analysis and a multiple regression also showed that the signed valence and modality-general significantly explained affective representation better than the unsigned valence and the modality-specific. These results suggest that the model in which positive and negative are located at the opposite ends of the one dimension explains the affective representation of ASMR well, and that the affective representation was consistent regardless of modality.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.64-73
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study is to see the prevalence and the patterns of the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in children and adolescent patients with allergies. Methods We analyzed data on 547 children and adolescents (age from 0-18 years old) chosen from all regions throughout the country with allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic urticaria. We used multiple logistic regression modeling to predict CAM use based on predictor variables. Results The previous 12-months prevalence of CAM usage in overall was 70.7% (atopic dermatitis, 78.1%; allergic rhinitis, 52.9%; asthma, 70.3%; allergic urticaria, 86.3%). Central and southern regions displayed significantly lower rate of using CAM compare to the northern region, and CAM was less likely to be used for the allergic rhinitis patients than the atopic dermatitis patients. The most commonly used CAM type was natural products (62.2%). Top five of the most frequently used CAM modalities were softener water, vitamin, red ginseng, wood bathing and aloe oil. One of the main reasons for trying CAM was from the 'hope for a more effective outcomes in additional to the conventional medicine' (43.9%). The subjective effectiveness of CAM was found to be excellent in 74.0% of the patients, and 70.3% of the parents were willing to recommend CAM therapies to the others. Conclusions CAM is used widely to treat allergic diseases in children and adolescents in Korea. Korean medical doctors should actively discuss the use of CAM with the patients and provide information on the effectiveness and safety of CAM as guide in making choice for usage of CAM.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.1086-1093
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• 2001

Object : With the recent variable treatment modalities and the development of microsurgical techniques, outcomes of surgical and medical management of aneurysm have shown much progress in the last 10 years. However, the management of posterior circulation aneurysm is still a debatable due to its difficulty in limited surgical approach, complicated anatomical structure and many small perforators to vital structure. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of clinical manifestation and outcome of surgery with respect to anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms. Material and Methods : We evaluated the 33 patients with PCAs(posterior circulation aneurysm) and 359 patients with ACAs(anterior circulation aneurysm) treated between 1994 and 1999, retrospectively. Results : Posterior circulation aneurysms showed higher tendency(5 cases, 14.7%) to have unusual shapes, such as dissecting or fusiform compared with anterior circulation aneurysm(15 cases, 4.2%). There were more multiple aneurysms in posterior circulation aneurysm(8 cases, 26.5%) than anterior circulation aneurysm(59 cases, 16.2%). The number of patients with Hunt-Hess grade III or IV on admission were 91(25.3%) in anterior circulation aneurysms, and 14(42.4%) in posterior circulation aneurysms. There were higher incidences of vasospasm and acute hydrocephalus in patients with posterior circulation aneurysm. In cases of anterior circulation aneurysm, neck clipping was possible in 97%. But, in posterior circulation aneurysm, neck clipping was possible only in 67.7% of each. Two hundred forty four cases(85.0%) of all anterior circulation aneurysms and 22 cases(78.6%) of all posterior circulation aneurysms showed good recovery(GR) or moderate disability(MD). The postoperative mortality rates of anterior and posterior circulation aneurysms were 4.9% and 10.7%, respectively. Conclusion : These results indicate that there exist substantial differences with respect to that there were few difference in the aspect of surgery and management outcome between posterior circulation aneurysms and anterior circulation aneurysms.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.206-212
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• 1997

H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm of the thyroid gland is an uncommon, but potentially malignant lesion. However, in many instances, the malignant potential of the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm is very difficult to judge histologically. For this reason, the biologic behavior of this tumor and its optimal treatment have come under considerable debate in recent years. In order to review the clinicopathologic features of the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm and to determine its optimal treatment modalities, we studied 26 patients with path logical proof of H$\"{u}$rthle cell tumor from January 1987 to September 1997. We also performed an immunohistochemical study using the monoclonal antibodies against antigen CD34 for the angiogenic activity of this tumor and evaluated the differences of microvessel density(MVD) between benign and malignant tumors. The age of the patients ranged from 1 to 71 years with a mean of 44.2 years. There were 6 males and 20 females(M : F= 1 : 3.3). The accuracies of fine needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section were very low; 6.3% and 34.8%, respectively. There were 20 benign tumors and 6 malignant tumors(23.1%). All the malignant tumors were microinvasive(intermediate) type which had minimal capsular invasion and most of them(5 cases) were diagnosed postoperatively. Any specific clinicopathologic differences were not seen between benign and intermediate groups. Most of the cases had conservative surgeries(15 ipsilateral lobectomy-isthmusectomy, 7 subtotal thyroidectomy) while total thyroidectomy was performed in 4 cases. Of the cases with malignant tumor, 2 had ipsilateral lobectomy-isthmusectomy, 3 had subtotal thyroidectomy and the remaining 1 had total thyroidectomy. Mean size of the tumors was 3.0 cm(0.1- 8.5 cm) in the greatest diameter and multiple tumors were seen in 6 cases(23.1 %). During the follow-up period, only one recurrence(3.8%) of benign tumor occurred but distant metastasis or cause-specific death was seen in the benign or intermediate groups. Mean MVDs of the benign(n=13) and intermediate(n=6) groups were $121.7{\pm}35.3$ and $114.3{\pm}31.7$, respectively and there was no statistical significance between them. In conclusion, because of the low accuracies of fine needle aspiration biopsy and frozen section for the H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm, the extent of surgery could be individualized based on permanent pathologic examination; Conservative surgery would be adequate for patients with benign or intermediate H$\"{u}$rthle cell neoplasm and total or near-total thyroidectomy for those with definite malignancy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to reveal what influences the divergent methodological researches have brought the nursing practice in during the past 3 decades. The nursing record sheets ie, the nursing discourses were analyzed to know the knowledges that were recorded, accepted and communicated in nursing practice at pediatric intensive care units, and unclosed the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. The texts were 13 sheets, 3 kinds of nursing record(7 24hours flow charts, 4 nursing information record sheets and 2 transfer record sheets) used at 4 hospitals. The unit of analysis was 'word'. First, all words of the sheets were listed up, clustered into categories based on their contents. And then, the larger conceptual themes were drawn to elucidate the effect of the knowledge/power and the philosophical and methodological position of that knowledges. To enhanced the validity of the analysis, the data were analyzed by two researchers. The 'words' were classified into 3 categories; 'general information', 'assessment' and 'inter-vention'. The conceptual themes of the texts were 'the gaze for quantification and objectification' and 'technical/assimilated caring'. This themes reflected the logic positivistic and biomedical view that had dominated at clinical practice. Nursing has endeavored to resist the logic-positivistic knowledge/power and to established the nursing knowledge/power based on multiple philosophies and methodologies, especially phenomenological-interpretative. But the results of this study revealed that such efforts in nursing theory and research couldn't influenced the knowledge of practice. Logic positivism was yet so strong and the biomedical model yet dominated in the clinical practice. It identified that the borrowed theory and the knowledge from the received view gave nursing the power. But they were modalities that reinforced the dominant, medical power. Nursing has investigate the other positions (feminism, Habermas' critical social theory and Foucault's discourse theory). This positions suggest different assumptions but share the common concepts; equality, emancipation and freedom. The important point is how make these concepts the practical for nursing knowledge/power in practice. We must recognize that the praxis at clinical setting take place at the field unlike theoretical praxis. The change of clinical practice is the social, economic and political change.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.248-256
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• 2018

O-2-$^{18}F$-fluoroethyl-l-tyrosine ($[^{18}F]FET$) has been widely used for glioblastomas (GBM) in clinical practice, although evaluation of its applicability in non-clinical research is still lacking. The objective of this study was to examine the value of $[^{18}F]FET$ for treatment evaluation and prognosis prediction of anti-angiogenic drug in an orthotopic mouse model of GBM. Human U87MG cells were implanted into nude mice and then bevacizumab, a representative anti-angiogenic drug, was administered. We monitored the effect of anti-angiogenic agents using multiple imaging modalities, including bioluminescence imaging (BLI), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT). Among these imaging methods analyzed, only $[^{18}F]FET$ uptake showed a statistically significant decrease in the treatment group compared to the control group (P=0.02 and P=0.03 at 5 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). This indicates that $[^{18}F]FET$ PET is a sensitive method to monitor the response of GBM bearing mice to anti-angiogenic drug. Moreover, $[^{18}F]FET$ uptake was confirmed to be a significant parameter for predicting the prognosis of anti-angiogenic drug (P=0.041 and P=0.007, on Days 7 and 12, respectively, on Pearson's correlation; P=0.048 and P=0.030, on Days 7 and 12, respectively, on Cox regression analysis). However, results of BLI or MRI were not significantly associated with survival time. In conclusion, this study suggests that $[^{18}F]FET$ PET imaging is a pertinent imaging modality for sensitive monitoring and accurate prediction of treatment response to anti-angiogenic agents in an orthotopic model of GBM.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

This paper conducts the collection and experiment of datasets for deep learning research on sign language such as sign language recognition, sign language translation, and sign language segmentation for Korean sign language. There exist difficulties for deep learning research of sign language. First, it is difficult to recognize sign languages since they contain multiple modalities including hand movements, hand directions, and facial expressions. Second, it is the absence of training data to conduct deep learning research. Currently, KETI dataset is the only known dataset for Korean sign language for deep learning. Sign language datasets for deep learning research are classified into two categories: Isolated sign language and Continuous sign language. Although several foreign sign language datasets have been collected over time. they are also insufficient for deep learning research of sign language. Therefore, we attempted to collect a large-scale Korean sign language dataset and evaluate it using a baseline model named TSPNet which has the performance of SOTA in the field of sign language translation. The collected dataset consists of a total of 11,402 image and text. Our experimental result with the baseline model using the dataset shows BLEU-4 score 3.63, which would be used as a basic performance of a baseline model for Korean sign language dataset. We hope that our experience of collecting Korean sign language dataset helps facilitate further research directions on Korean sign language.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.57-80
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• 2024

Eisner emphasized the importance of problem-solving objectives and expressive objectives in addition to behavioral objectives, and communication through multiple modalities including linguistic, visual, aural, spatial, gestural modes. This study analyzes 'Libraries and Information Life,' a textbook developed for information literacy instruction, by dividing it into educational objectives types(behavioral, problem-solving, expressive) and multimodal modes(linguistic, visual, auditory, spatial, and gestural), and seeks to derive implications for setting educational objectives for information literacy instruction and developing textbooks. The textbook has four volumes for elementary low-grade, elementary high-grade, middle school, and high school levels. Educational objectives were extracted from the textbooks, and 3 librarian-teachers were engaged in the analysis of these objectives. The main findings and implications of this study are as follows. First, when looking at the types of educational objectives, the proportion of behavioral objectives was found to be excessively high, and there is a need to strengthen the proportion of problem-solving objectives and expressive objectives. Second, problem-solving objectives tend to overlap with behavioral objectives, indicating a need to develop problem-solving objectives with defined conditions and solution requirements. Third, expressive objectives concentrated in specific units need to be placed evenly in other units. Fourth, in the case of multi-modality mode, the proportion of the linguistic mode must be reduced, the proportion of the visual, auditory, spatial, and gestural modes must be increased, and it is necessary to set educational objectives with clear characteristics of each mode.