• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

Transportation project appraisal should be precise in order to increase the social welfare and efficiency, and it has been evaluated by only a single criterion analysis such as benefit/cost analysis. However, this method cannot assess some qualitative items, and cannot get a proper solution for the clash of interests among various groups. Therefore, the multi-criteria analysis, which can control these problems, is needed, and then Saaty has developed one of these methods, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method. In AHP, the project is evaluated through weighted score of the criteria and the alternatives, which is surveyed by a questionnaire of specialists. It is based on some strict suppositions such as reciprocal comparison, homogeneity, expectation, independence relationship between multi-criteria, but supposing that each criterion has independence relation with others is too difficult in two reasons. First, in real situation, there cannot be perfect independence relationship between standards. Second, individuals, even though they are specialists of that area, do not feel the degree of independence relation as same as others. This paper develops a modified AHP method for solving this dependence relationship between multi-criteria. First of all. in this method, the degree of dependence relationship between multi-criteria that the specialist feels is surveyed and included to the weighted score of multi-criteria This study supposes three methods to implement this idea. The first model products the degree of dependence relationship in the first step for calculating the weighted score, and the others adjust the result of weighted score from the basic AHP method to the dependence relationship. One of the second methods distributes the cross weighted score to each standard by constant ratio, and the other splits them using Fuzzy measure such as Bel and Pl. Finally, in order to validate these methods, this paper applies them to evaluate the alternatives which can control public resentments against Korean rail path in a city area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

The progressive die performs a work of sheet metal processes with a piercing, notching, embossing, bending, drawing, cut-off etc. in many kinds of pressing. Now a days, these processes have been evaluated as a advanced tooling method to increase the productivity and high quality assurance. The first step analyzing of die design is production part review, then the arrangement drawing of product design and strip process layout design should be done as a next steps with a FEM simulation for its problem solution. After upper procedure were peformed, it was started to make the die, then tryout and its revision of the die and product quality, safety, productivity etc. were done continually. For the all of these process, we mobilized the theory and practice of sheet metal forming, die structure, the function and activity of die components, and the others of die machining, die material, heat treatment and know‐how so on. In this study the features of representative are production part analyzing through the FEM simulation of bending area with a considering spring back problem by DEFORM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.278-284
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• 2004

The processes for the smelting of a metal product and the solidification of a molten salt were developed respectively to treat the products from the electrochemical reduction process. The method for the separation of a metal product in a magnesia container from the residual. salt and consequent smelting of it to a metal ingot by the multi step heating in vacuum was proposed. The new concept using a dual vessel and a salt valve was also suggested for the solidification of a molten salt into a regular size and shape which is suitable for the transport and measurement. The results obtained in the study will be applied to the design of the hot cell demonstration system of the Advanced Spent Fuel Conditioning Process of KAERI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.686-689
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• 2005

A numerical simulation method is developed to analyze the dynamic response of a cantilever switch, which is driven by electrostatic force and a basic component of electro-mechanical coupled system. First, point-charges model on conductor is proposed as a lumped parameter of electrical part. Then, this model is easily incorporated into a multi-body dynamics analysis algorithm, the generalized recursive dynamics formula previously developed by our research group. The resulting motion of a coupled overall system is formulated as a differential algebraic equation form including electrical and mechanical variables together. The equation is simultaneously solved in every time step. To implement this approach into the useful dynamics analysis tool, we used multibody dynamics software (RecurDyn) based on the generalized recursive formula using relative coordinate. The developed numerical simulation tool is evaluated by applying to many different driving condition and switch configuration. The final analysis model will be added to RecurDyn as a basic module for dynamics analysis of electro-mechanical coupled system.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.132-140
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• 2010

1. Objective: To compare the contents and transfer rate of hazardous substances in crude, washing solution, crude after washing, decoction and remnant after boiling. 2. Methods: The heavy metal contents of each step were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer (MA-2). In order to analyze pesticides in each sample we used simultaneous multi-residue analysis of pesticides by GC/ECD, which was followed by GC/MSD analysis to confirm the identity of the detected pesticide in each sample. In addition, the contents of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were performed by Monier-Williams distillation method. 3. Results: 1) Contents (mg/kg) of heavy metals in decoction of all herbal medicine prescriptions were not detected. 2) Transfer rates (%) of heavy metals from crude to remnant were As (83.3%), Cd (100.0%), Pb (182.6%) and Hg (100.0%). 3) Contents (mg/kg) of residual pesticides were not detected. 4) Transfer rate (%) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) from crude to remnant was 44.2%. 4. Conclusion: Our results showed that boiled herbal medicine prescriptions which we take is safe from the hazardous substances.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-188
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• 2013

In Facial Expression Recognition Systems (FERS), only particular regions of the face are utilized for discrimination. The areas of the eyes, eyebrows, nose, and mouth are the most important features in any FERS. Applying facial features descriptors such as the local binary pattern (LBP) on such areas results in an effective and efficient FERS. In this paper, we propose an automatic facial expression recognition system. Unlike other systems, it detects and extracts the informative and discriminant regions of the face (i.e., eyes, nose, and mouth areas) using Haar-feature based cascade classifiers and these region-based features are stored into separate image files as a preprocessing step. Then, LBP is applied to these image files for facial texture representation and a feature-vector per subject is obtained by concatenating the resulting LBP histograms of the decomposed region-based features. The one-vs.-rest SVM, which is a popular multi-classification method, is employed with the Radial Basis Function (RBF) for facial expression classification. Experimental results show that this approach yields good performance for both frontal and near-frontal facial images in terms of accuracy and time complexity. Cohn-Kanade and JAFFE, which are benchmark facial expression datasets, are used to evaluate this approach.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.574-576
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• 2008

Now there are two types Non-contact compensation AC automatic voltage regulator (A.V.R). One is transformer compensation regulator, whose principle is the combination of multiple compensation transformers, do the compensation by turning on and off the connections of the transformer through the multi-full bridge circuit. This method removed the mechanical drive and contacts, which increases the life and the dynamic performance of the A.V.R. However, the compensation is multilevel, and it needs many compensation transformers and switches, the circuit is complex, the compensation precision is low. Another type is PWM switch AC regulator, whose principle is getting the AC voltage from the input, then induce the AC compensation voltage through commutating and high frequency PWM transforming, and phase tracking. Here the compensation is step-less, the compensation precision is high, and the response is fast. But the circuit is complex, and it needs an inverse compensation transformer, which is difficult to realize high-power applications. In this paper, it shows an Automatic Voltage Regulator which use high frequency PWM inverter do compensation. This A.V.R has the function as the custom-power, which make the performance of the power supply in a high level.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.968-972
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• 2004

A 1, 2-diglyceride-based multi-step colorimetric assay to measure the pancreatic lipase activ-ity was applied for the determination of the kinetic profiles of the lipase inhibition with a slight modification and the validity verification. With this assay method, our study revealed that platy-codin D, one of major constituents of Platycodi Radix, inhibits the pancreatic lipase activity in a competitive type, with the value of $K_1$ being 0.18${\pm}$0.02 mM. In addition, PO has affected the val-ues of $K_{m}$, app/ and $K_{cat}$/$K_{m}$ in a dose-dependent manner. The results shed a meaningful light on how PO mediates lipid metabolism in the intestinal tracts. On the other hand, since the revised assay is sensitive, rapid, and does not affect the accuracy to the kinetic properties, it is applica-ble not only to evaluation of the kinetic properties of the pancreatic lipase, but also to high-throughput screening of pancreatic lipase activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.763-769
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• 1994

Bifidobacterium bifidum, one strain of medical preparation being on the market for human intestinal disorders, was sensitive to rifampicin and fluoroquinolones. If this preparation is taken with rifampicin and fluoroquinolones, its therapeutic effect can't be expected. Serial passage of B. bifidum RFR61, which was obtained by MNNG mutation method, on agar with 2-fold minimal inhibitory concentration of ofloxacin produced B. bifidum OFR9 with minimal inhibitory contentrations of fluoroquinolones up to $4{\sim}256-fold$ higher than that for the original strain. B. bifidum OFR9 produced almost the same amount of organic acid as parental strain. This strain showed growth inhibitory activity against E. coli NM522, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC9752 and E. coli 078. No inactivations of rifampicin and ofloxacin by this resistant mutant strain were found.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.222-223
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• 2008

Recently, piezoelectric transformer is applied to wide fields. Multi layer piezoelectric transformer has the advantage of high step up ratio, high electromechanical coupling coefficient(Kp) and high mechanical quality factor(Qm), however it shows the peeling-phenomenon of electrode, and high price due to high sintering temperature. Therefore this study focus on the method for fabrication of high power rosen type piezoelectric transformers. The composition of $0.01Pb(Ni_{1/3}Nb_{2/3)O_3$ - 0.08Pb$(Mn_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$-0.91Pb$(Zr_{0.505}Ti_{0.495})O_3$(abbreviated as PNN-PMN-PZT) ceramics is employed for this study.