• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.79-86
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• 1996

A boundary element method which utilizes the fundamental solution in the half plane is developed to analyze the multi-layered elastic media. The objective of this study is to derive numerically the fundamental solutions and to apply those to the exterior multi-layered domain problems. To obtain numerical fundamental solutions of multi-layered structural system, the same number of solutions as that of layers in Fourier transform domain are employed. The numerical integration technique is used in order to inverse the Fourier transform solution to real domain. To verify the proposed boundary element method, two examples are treated: (1) a circular hole near the surface of a half plane; and (2) a circular cavity within one layer of four layered half plane.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2009

Multi-view video is necessary to develop a new compression encoding technique for storage and transmission, because of a huge amount of data. Layered depth image is an efficient representation method of multi-view video data. This method makes a data structure that is synthesis of multi-view color and depth image. This paper proposed enhanced compression method by presentation of efficient layered depth image using real distance comparison, solution of overlap problem, and interpolation. In experimental results, confirmed high compression performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics C
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• v.35C no.2
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• pp.56-64
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• 1998

Multi-layered perceptrons that are a nonlinear neural network model, have been widely used for various applications mainly thanks to good function approximation capability for nonlinear fuctions. However, for digital hardware implementation of the multi-layere perceptrons, the quantization scheme using "look-up tables (LUTs)" is commonly employed to handle nonlinear signmoid activation functions in the neworks, and thus requires large amount of storage to prevent unacceptable quantization errors. This paper is concerned with a new effective methodology for digital hardware implementation of multi-layered perceptrons, and proposes a "piecewise affine approximation" method in which input domain is divided into (small number of) sub-intervals and nonlinear sigmoid function is linearly approximated within each sub-interval. Using the proposed method, we develop an expression and an error backpropagation type learning algorithm for a multi-layered perceptron, and compare the performance with the quantization method through Monte Carlo simulations on XOR problems. Simulation results show that, in terms of learning convergece, the proposed method with a small number of sub-intervals significantly outperforms the quantization method with a very large storage requirement. We expect from these results that the proposed method can be utilized in digital system implementation to significantly reduce the storage requirement, quantization error, and learning time of the quantization method.quantization method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.2C
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• pp.186-193
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• 2009

Multi-view video is necessary to develop a new compression encoding technique for storage and transmission, because of a huge amount of data. Layered depth image is an efficient representation method of multi-view video data. This method makes a data structure that is synthesis of multi-view color and depth image. This paper proposed enhanced compression method by presentation of efficient layered depth image using real distance comparison, solution of overlap problem, and YCrCb color transformation. In experimental results, confirmed high compression performance and good reconstructed image.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.319-324
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• 2001

An anatomical head and a multi-layered spherical head with a half-wave handset antenna have been analysed and compared using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) and the Eigenfuntion Expansion Method (EEM), respectively. The analysis shows that results from a simple spherical head with a half-wave antenna can be used to predict the main antenna radiation patters as well as estimates of the peak SAR in a handset user's head. Various representative design data are presented using a six-layered spherical head with a half-wave antenna at 900 MHz

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1998.07e
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• pp.1821-1823
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• 1998

In this paper, arbitrarily-shaped microstrip patch antenna in multi-layered is analyzed using spatial domain MoM. The triangular patch function is adopted here as the expansion function for planar arbitrarily-shaped microstrip. For example, an edge-fed rectangular patch antenna on a single-layered substrate is analyzed. The results show the agreement between the calculation and measurement.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2006

Suitable for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communications, the joint beamforming space-time block coding (JBSTBC) scheme is proposed for high-speed downlink transmission. The major functionality of the scheme entails space-time block encoder and joint transmit and receive eigen-beamformer (EBF) incorporating with block-ordered layered decoder (BOLD), and its operating principle is described in this paper. Within these functionalities, the joint EBFs will be utilized for decorrelating fading channels to cause an enhancement in the spatial diversity gain. Furthermore, to fortify the capability of layered successive interference cancellation (LSIC) in block-ordered layered decoding process, this paper will develop a simple ad-hoc transmit power discrimination scheme (TPDS) based on a particular power discrimination function (PDF). To confirm the superior behavior of the proposed JBSTBC scheme employing ad-hoc TPDS, computer simulations will be conducted under various channel conditions with the provision of detailed mathematical derivations for clarifying its functionality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2007

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.1115-1122
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• 1994

ZT/PZT/ZT multi-layered thin films were deposited on silicon substrate by co-sputtering method for FEMFET device application. Effects of Pb/(Zr+Ti) ratio, films thickness, annealing conditions and substrate temperature on the ferroelectric behavior of the multi-layered films were studied. The best memory device characteristics with leakage current of 2$\times$10-8 A/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and breakdown field of about 1 MV/cm could be obtained with ZT(250 $\AA$) / PZT(1000 $\AA$)/ZT(750 $\AA$) multi-layered thin film deposited at 35$0^{\circ}C$ and post-annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ for 120 sec by RTA(Rapid Thermal Annealing).

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.61-66
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• 2013

This study is to eliminate the need for conventional high density plant factory's artificial light source such as LED to reduce the initial investment of the light source installation as well as the operation cost. Use of solar light could enhance the quality of the vegetables similar to those grown in the natural environment. Provision of solar light into the multilayer vegetable cultivation facilities and collecting maximum and sustainable sunlight without too much loss by tracing solar path and properly distributing it through careful control during daytime are crucial for realizing the investigated rooftop light shelf system for multi-layered vegetable cultivation. In this study, we developed an innovative way of effectively allocating sunlight inside even to otherwise shaded zone of a multi-layer vegetable cultivation facility. To prove the effectiveness of the system's sunlight collection and distribution capability, both simulation and experiment in Daejeon are performed and the outcome is analyzed.