• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

We analyzed flood runoff and flood characteristics of an small urban river basin which is in an apartment complex in Yewol-Dong, Buchun-Si, Gyunggi-Do. This discharge normally flows a little by intercepting sewer and interception of pollutants. However in flood period it looks like risk of flood damage by high flood discharge and increase of flood elevation. After appling the analysis model on urban runoff, using the GIS data and cross section at the basin, and then we studied the degree of flood control safety at the basin through forecasting flood elevation. Eventually, there are the flood risks from the River structure for Multi-functional Urban river as well as the river safety. As flood runoff analysis in urban, we need to consider risks which are drainage depth and other.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.169-179
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• 2012

Microbiological calcium carbonate precipitation (MCCP) is being applied for the aesthetic restoration of cement buildings destroyed by biochemical processes and to block water penetration into the cement's inner structure. After determining the advantages of this technique, many related studies in the area of architecture concerning the application of microorganisms to improve construction material have been reported in both America and Europe. The techniques compatibility with cement material is especially interesting because of the needed screening of various calcium carbonate forming-bacteria and the required development of their application methods. The purpose of this review is to describe the mechanism of MCCP and related researches with eco-friendly construction materials. Mainly, we describe the methodological studies focused on biodeposition on the surface of building materials and the research trends concerning the addition of microorganisms to improve the durability of cement structures. Additionally, the concepts and technical aspects focused on the development of self-healing smart concrete, with the use of multi-functional bacteria, have been considered.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.195-215
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• 2022

The increasing interest in CubeSat platforms ant their capability of enlarging the frontier of possible missions impose technology improvements. Miniaturized electrical propulsion (EP) systems enable new mission for multi-unit CubeSats (6U+). While electric propulsion systems have achieved important level of knowledge at equipment level, the investigation of the mutual impact between EP system and CubeSat technology at system level can provide a decisive improvement for both the technologies. The interaction between CubeSat and EP system should be assessed in terms of electromagnetic emissions (both radiated and conducted), thermal gradients, high electrical power management, surface chemical deposition, and quick and reliable data exchanges. This paper shows how a versatile CubeSat Test Platform (CTP), together with standardized procedures and specialized facilities enable the acquisition fundamental and unprecedented information. Measurements can be taken both by specific ground support equipment placed inside the vacuum facility and by dedicated sensors and subsystems installed on the CTP, providing a completely new set of data never obtained before. CTP is constituted of a 6U primary structure hosting the EP system, representative CubeSat avionics and batteries. For the first test campaign, CTP hosts the ambipolar plasma propulsion system, called Regulus and developed by T4I. After the integration and the functional test in laboratory environment, CTP + Regulus performed a Test campaign in relevant environment in the vacuum chamber at CISAS, University of Padua. This paper is focused on the test campaign description and the main results achieved at different power levels for different duration of the firings.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2017

Recently, with the advent of knowledge based society where information and knowledge make values, patents which are the representative form of intellectual property have become important, and the number of the patents follows growing trends. Thus, it needs to classify the patents depending on the technological topic of the invention appropriately in order to use a vast amount of the patent information effectively. IPC (International Patent Classification) is widely used for this situation. Researches about IPC automatic classification have been studied using data mining and machine learning algorithms to improve current IPC classification task which categorizes patent documents by hand. However, most of the previous researches have focused on applying various existing machine learning methods to the patent documents rather than considering on the characteristics of the data or the structure of patent documents. In this paper, therefore, we propose to use two structural fields, technical field and background, considered as having impacts on the patent classification, where the two field are selected by applying of the characteristics of patent documents and the role of the structural fields. We also construct multi-label classification model to reflect what a patent document could have multiple IPCs. Furthermore, we propose a method to classify patent documents at the IPC subclass level comprised of 630 categories so that we investigate the possibility of applying the IPC multi-label classification model into the real field. The effect of structural fields of patent documents are examined using 564,793 registered patents in Korea, and 87.2% precision is obtained in the case of using title, abstract, claims, technical field and background. From this sequence, we verify that the technical field and background have an important role in improving the precision of IPC multi-label classification in IPC subclass level.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2012

In this study, in order to develop renewable bio-based nanocomposites, multi-functional nanocomposites from soybean resins (AESO, MAESO) and nanoclay were prepared. Photoelectrodes for environmental friendly dye-sensitized solar cell using soybean resin were also prepared. Organo-modified nanoclay was directly dispersed in functionalized soybean resins after mixing with styrene as a comonomer and radical initiator was used to copolymerize the nanocomposites. The observed morphology was a mixture of intercalated/exfoliated structure and the physical properties were improved by adding nanoclay. A nanocomposite using MAESO, which added COOH functional group to the soybean resin, showed better dispersibility than AESO composites. Ultrasonic treatment of the nanocomposites also improved the physical properties. Nanoporous $TiO_2$ photoelectrode was also prepared using soybean resins as a binder, after acid-treatment of $TiO_2$ surface using nitric acid. Dye-sensitized solar cells were prepared after adsorbing dye molecules on it. The $TiO_2$ photoelectrode prepared using soybean binder had high current density because of increased surface area by improved dispersibility. The photoelectrochemical properties and conversion efficiency of the solar cell were significantly improved using the soybean binder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.177-186
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• 2004

Introduction : Recent studies Suggested that there is a strong correlation between acupuncture stimulation and its related cortical activation. Anther study showed that either positive or negative BOLD effects could be observed depending on anatomical structure in acupuncture stimulation. In ttis study, we investigated a new acupoint $KI_6$ (照海), which was known as motor-related acupoint and obtained an evidence that the stimulation of $KI_6$ resulted in either negative or positive BOLD response to stimulation. Methods & Results : 1. Subjects and paradigms : Two separate stimulation paradigms were performed on five healthy (aged 22-23 yrs) in this study. First, the paradigm of acupuncture stimulation was that the acupuncture needle was inserted in acupoints $KI_6$, which is located in lateral side of the foot and then continuously twisted(補瀉를 除外한 捻轉法) for 70 seconds for 10 cycles of activation. During rest period (70 seconds), the needle was completed removed from acupoint. Total 60 cycles were performed and 10 images were obtained per cycle. Second, nonacupoint was randomly selected and the same paradigm was performed as acupoint stimulation. The stimulation protocol comprised 10 cycles of alternating. activation and rest (10 images per cycle). Total 60 cycles were performed and each cycle take about 1.5 sec for motor task. Subjects take an at least 15 minutes break before starting anther paradigm. 2. fMRI mapping : Multi-slice functional images were obtained on a 1.5T Magnetom Vision MRI scanner (Simens Medical, Erlangen, Germany) equipped with high performance whole-body gradients. The BOLD T2 * - weighted images were acquired with acho planar imaging sequence (TR = 1.2 sec, TE = 60 msec, and flip angle = $90_{\circ}$). The other sequence parameter are : FOV = 210 mm, matrix=$64{\times}128$ or $64{\times}64$, slice number=10 and slice thickness = 5 or 8 mm. the anatomic images were obtained with Spin-echo T1-weighted images. The resulting images were then anaiyzed with STIMULATE (CMRR, U. of Minnesota) to generate functional maps using a student T-test (p < 0.005) and cluster analysis. Both positive and negative response were evaluated. Conclusions : We have observed the activation of the motor cortex by stimulating motor-related acupoint ($KI_6$). Among five subjects, negative BOLD response was shown in four and positive response in one. All subjects showed positive response to conventional finger flexion-extension task. To understand the detailed mechanisms of correlation between acupuncture stimulation and BOLD fMRI changes and two typs of response, further study strongly required.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.310-316
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• 2021

Conventional satellites are generally large satellites that are multi-functional and have high performance. However, small satellites have been gradually drawing attention since the recent development of lightweight and integrated electric, electronic, and optical technologies. As the size and weight of a satellite decrease, the barrier to satellite development is becoming lower due to the cost of manufacture and cheaper launch. However, solar panels are essential for the power supply of satellites but have limitations in miniaturization and weight reduction because they require a large surface area to be efficiently exposed to sunlight. Space solar cells must be manufactured in consideration of various space environments such as spacecraft and environments with solar thermal temperatures. It is necessary to study structural materials for lightweight and high-efficiency solar cells by applying an unfolding mechanism that optimizes the surface-to-volume ratio. Currently, most products are developed and operated as solar cell panels for space applications with a triple-junction structure of InGaP/GaAs/Ge materials for high efficiency. Furthermore, multi-layered junctions have been studied for ultra-high-efficiency solar cells. Flexible thin-film solar cells and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells are advantageous for material weight reduction and are attracting attention as next-generation solar cells for small satellites.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.476-485
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• 2017

The tactical operation centers of future anti-aircraft missile systems provide the environment for the research on future air threats, tactical information, integrated battlefield environment creation and management, engagement control and command and control algorithms. To develop the key functional elements of integrated battlefield situation creation and processing and tactical operation automation processing operations, battery/battalion tactical operation control and reconfiguration design software are required. Therefore, the algorithm software of each function and the tactical operation display software and link software for interworking between equipment were developed as reconfigurable through a data-centric design. In this paper, a tactical operation display framework that can be reconfigured on the operation display of the tactical operations according to the battery/battalion is introduced. This tactical operation display framework was used to develop a common data model design for the reconfigurable structure of multi-role tactical operations with battery / battalion and mission views, and a display configuration tool that provides a tactical operation display framework for view development was also developed using the MVC pattern. If the tactical operation display framework is used, it will be possible to reuse the view design through the common base structure, and a view that can be reconfigured easily and quickly will also be developed.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2016

Improvement of heat sink technology related to the continuous implementation performance and extension of device-life in circumstance of easy heating and more compact space has been becoming more important issue as multi-functional integration and miniaturization trend of electronic gadgets and products has been generalized. In this study, it purposed to minimize of decline of the heat diffusivity by gluing polymer through compounding of inorganic particles which have thermal conductive properties. We used NH-9300 as base resin and used inorganic fillers such as silicon carbide(SiC), aluminum nitride(AlN), and boron nitride(BN) to improve heat diffusivity. After making film which was made from 100 part of acrylic resin mixed hardener(1.0 part more or less) with inorganic particles. The film was matured at $80^{\circ}C$ for 24h. Diffusivity were tested according to sorts of particles and density of particles as well as size and structure of particle to improve the effect of heat sink in view of morphology assessing diffusivity by LFA(Netzsch/LFA 447 Nano Flash) and adhesion strength by UTM(Universal Testing Machine). The correlation between diffusivity of pure inorganic particles and composite as well as the relation between density and morphology of inorganic particles has been studied. The study related morphology showed that globular type had superior diffusivity at low density of 25% but on the contarary globular type was inferior to non-globular type at high density of 80%.