• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.25-78
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• 2005

As a key and core knowledge for the design of various types of nuclear reactors, the discipline of reactor physics has been advanced continually in the past six decades and has led to a very sophisticated fabric of analysis methods and computer codes in use today. Notwithstanding, the discipline faces interesting challenges from next-generation nuclear reactors and innovative new fuel designs in the coming. After presenting a brief overview of important tasks and steps involved in the nuclear design and analysis of a reactor, this article focuses on the currently-used design and analysis methods, issues and limitations, and current activities to resolve them as follows: (1) Derivation of the multi group transport equations and the multi group diffusion equations, with representative solution methods thereof. (2) Elements of modem (now almost three decades old) diffusion nodal methods. (3) Limitations of nodal methods such as transverse integration, flux reconstruction, and analysis of UO2-MOX mixed cores. Homogenization and related issues. (4) Description of the analytic function expansion nodal (AFEN) method. (5) Ongoing efforts for three-dimensional whole-core heterogeneous transport calculations and acceleration methods. (6) Elements of spatial kinetics calculation methods and coupled neutronics and thermal-hydraulics transient analysis. (7) Identification of future research and development areas in advanced reactors and Generation-IV reactors, in particular, in very high temperature gas reactor (VHTR) cores.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 2022

In the present work, we have designed to optimize the optical filter structures of the 1-dimensional photonic quasicrystals (1D PQCs) characteristic for the COVID-19 UV sterilization. The simulator using MATLAB program and ourselves manufacturing calculation codes. After making the aperiodic (and complexed) multi-layer structure model, we establish the transfer matrix method (TMM) for model by the operator conversion. By the using the MATLAB, we derive a matrix for the designed complexed multi-layer structure by applying the equations to the model by obtaining the reflectance and transmittance from the matrix. We also prove the possibility of application in optical filter for UV sterilization.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.4625-4635
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• 2022

A low-energy dielectric loaded accelerator with a non-uniform, multi-segment structure is studied and optimized. So far, no analytical solution is provided for such structures. Also, due to the existing nonlinear behavior and a large number of geometric parameters, the problem of numerical optimizations is complex. For this reason, a method is presented to design and optimize such structures using the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Moreover, the GA output results are compared with Trust Region (TR) and Nelder-Mead Simplex (NMS) methods. Comparative results show that the GA is more efficient in achieving optimization goals and also has a higher speed than the two other methods. Finally, an optimized accelerating tube is integrated into a proper coupler. Then, the accelerator is simulated for full electromagnetic investigations using the CST suite of codes. This design leads to a structure with a power of about 80 kW in the X-band, which delivers electrons to the output energy in the range of 300-459 kV. The length and outer diameter of the accelerating tube obtained are 10 cm and 1 cm, respectively.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.630-655
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• 2022

This paper examines the integrated QR code payment service (QRIS) adoption by retailers in Indonesia. Indonesia started its cashless journey in 2017 by using electric money in card form. As the country keeps developing, Indonesia has planned to integrate its payment towards a cross-border payment using QR codes by 2025 in the South East Asian region. Facing government vision, MSMEs that act as the significant economy wheel in Indonesia was required to be prepared to face the multi-cultural, multi-currency, and the new tech innovation for doing transactions. However, as a developing country, Indonesia faced significant problems with its infrastructure, which made it hard for merchants to access digital payment. As infrastructure was a common problem for developing countries, Indonesia also faced financial inclusion, lack of digital knowledge, a high amount of cash use, and socialization that made low digital payment penetration. Therefore, as there was a need to increase digital payment penetration for ASEAN integrated payment, this study found that merchant compatibility, facilitating conditions, trust, and relative advantages are drivers for MSMEs using this payment method. Further, this research provides propositions for banks, financial institutions, and governments to develop and evolve towards a cashless ecosystem, especially for a country lacking infrastructure.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.3
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• pp.1052-1065
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• 2024

Advanced Pressurized Water Reactors (APWRs) and Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs) employ a suppression pool as a heat sink to prevent containment overpressure. Steam can be discharged into the pool through multi-hole spargers or blowdown pipes in both normal and accident conditions. Direct Contact Condensation (DCC) creates sources of momentum and heat. The competition between these two sources determines the development of thermal stratification or mixing of the pool. Thermal stratification is of safety concern as it reduces the cooling capability compared to a completely mixed pool condition. In this work we develop a scaling approach to prediction of the thermal stratification in a water pool induced by steam injection through spargers. Experimental data obtained from large-scale pool tests conducted in the PPOOLEX and PANDA facilities, as well as simulation results obtained using validated codes are used to develop the scaling. Two injection orientations, namely radial injection through multi-hole Sparger Head (SH) and vertical injection through Load Reduction Ring (LRR), are considered. We show that the erosion rate of the cold layer can be estimated using the Richardson number. In this work, scaling laws are proposed to estimate both the (i) transient erosion velocity and (ii) the stable position of the thermocline. These scaling laws are then implemented into a 1D model to simulate the thermal behavior of the pool during steam injection through the sparger.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.399-402
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• 2004

This paper presents a system-on-chip prototype implementing a full integration for a portable digital audio system. The chip is composed of a audio processor block to implements audio decoding and voice compression or decompression software, a system control block including 8-bit MCU core and Memory Management Unit (MMU) a low power 16-bit ${\Sigma}{\Delta}$ CODEC, two DC-to-BC converter, and a flash memory controller. In order to support other audio algorithms except Mask ROM type's fixed codes, a novel 16-bit fixed-point DSP core with the program-download architecture is proposed. Funker, an efficient power management technique such as task-based clock management is implemented to reduce power consumption for portable application. The proposed chip has been fabricated with a 4 metal 0.25um CMOS technology and the chip area is about 7.1 mm ${\times}$ 7.1mm with 100mW power dissipation at 2.5V power supply.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.333-340
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• 2017

In this paper, we describe HW/SW co-optimizations for reconfigurable application specific instruction-set processors (ASIPs). Based on our previous very long instruction word (VLIW) ASIP, the proposed framework realizes various forward error-correction (FEC) algorithms for wireless communication systems. In order to enhance the energy efficiency, we newly introduce several design methodologies including high-radix algorithms, task-level out-of-order executions, and intensive resource allocations with loop-level rescheduling. The case study on the radix-4 turbo decoding shows that the proposed techniques improve the energy efficiency by 3.7 times compared to the previous architecture.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.16 no.9 s.100
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• pp.855-861
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• 2005

Two-dimensional orthogonal variable spreading codes are presented far multiplexing of forward link in direct sequence code division multiple access(DS-CDMA) multiple antennas system. The bit error rate(BER) performance under a multi-user environment fur the additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and Rayleigh fading MIMO channel are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme could provide flexible rates and lower peak correlation values.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.07d
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• pp.2983-2985
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• 2005

There are many factors to degrade the performance of power-line communication systems such as multi-path fading, attenuation, colored and impulsive noise, and interference. Most of all, impulsive noise is generated by switching operation of many power supply units and equipments, and it causes both burst error and random error as the pattern of generation. In this paper, the variations of performance for RS convolutional concatenated coded system are simulated and analysed with the several parameters over impulsive noise channel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1751-1754
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• 2003

Due to advances in information technology, even Engineering Simulations can now be performed in web-based JAVA through an integrated operating system called Virtual Machine and the use of byte code, which guarantees the compatibility of identical codes in every computing system and makes it suitable for web-based simulation system development. This paper introduces an implementation embodied in JAVA Applet that allows a block-diagram type GUI that runs in a web browser for use in the dynamics simulation modeling of powertrains of vehicles and multi-body systems. This system is not restrained by any of the H/W and S/W in the user's computer, so that it has the advantage of providing a GUI that allows web-based block-diagram type modeling.