• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한교통학회 2000년도 제37회 학술발표회논문집
• /
• pp.25-47
• /
• 2000

In route guidance systems fastest-path routing has typically been adopted because of its simplicity. However, empirical studies on route choice behavior have shown that drivers use numerous criteria in choosing a route. The objective of this study is to develop computationally efficient algorithms for identifying a manageable subset of the nondominated (i.e. Pareto optimal) paths for real-time vehicle routing which reflect the drivers' preferences and route choice behaviors. We propose two pruning algorithms that reduce the search area based on a context-dependent linear utility function and thus reduce the computation time. The basic notion of the proposed approach is that ⅰ) enumerating all nondominated paths is computationally too expensive, ⅱ) obtaining a stable mathematical representation of the drivers' utility function is theoretically difficult and impractical, and ⅲ) obtaining optimal path given a nonlinear utility function is a NP-hard problem. Consequently, a heuristic two-stage strategy which identifies multiple routes and then select the near-optimal path may be effective and practical. As the first stage, we utilize the relaxation based pruning technique based on an entropy model to recognize and discard most of the nondominated paths that do not reflect the drivers' preference and/or the context-dependency of the preference. In addition, to make sure that paths identified are dissimilar in terms of links used, the number of shared links between routes is limited. We test the proposed algorithms in a large real-life traffic network and show that the algorithms reduce CPU time significantly compared with conventional multi-criteria shortest path algorithms while the attributes of the routes identified reflect drivers' preferences and generic route choice behaviors well.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 2023

The intelligent transportation system has made a huge leap in the level of human services, which has had a positive impact on the quality of life of users. On the other hand, these services are becoming a new source of risk due to the use of data collected from vehicles, on which intelligent systems rely to create automatic contextual adaptation. Most of the popular privacy protection methods, such as Dummy and obfuscation, cannot be used with many services because of their impact on the accuracy of the service provided itself, they depend on changing the number of vehicles or their physical locations. This research presents a new approach based on the shuffling Nicknames of vehicles. It fully maintains the quality of the service and prevents tracking users permanently, penetrating their privacy, revealing their whereabouts, or discovering additional details about the nature of their behavior and movements. Our approach is based on creating a central Nicknames Pool in the cloud as well as distributed subpools in fog nodes to avoid intelligent delays and overloading of the central architecture. Finally, we will prove by simulation and discussion by examples the superiority of the proposed approach and its ability to adapt to new services and provide an effective level of protection. In the comparison, we will rely on the wellknown privacy criteria: Entropy, Ubiquity, and Performance.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1718-1724
• /
• 2004

A station is not only the public space where socially diverse classes get together and cultural interchanges occur but also the personal and emotional space where the meeting and parting occur for each individual. Thus, it is necessity to consider this dual point from the beginning of the plan to make the simple, comfortable, intuitive and friendly environment for the users in the station. Also, it should be capable of active life style of moderner according to the change of the city environment. Furthermore, as a station is not just a single-purpose space anymore but the versatile space where fulfills the user's needs for the multi-function and the desire for diversity. As the station in these days opened 24 hours for users with the modern, commercial and cultural facilities, the interior design for a station needs to be designed to be easy to use, functional and able to vitalize the environment. In order to make a desirable interior environment in a station, first of all, it is required to grasp the characteristic of the space by analyzing the phenomena of an individual or a group act in a existing space formed by the interrelation between the human and the environment. To reduce the resistance against the new environment from the user, in other words, to increase the satisfaction, it is necessity to induce the behavior of the users to the desirable way toward to the new environment. Consequently, positive methodology with recognitive approach through cognitive psychology, spatial behavior research is required.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2017

감정은 학습능력, 행동, 판단력 등 삶의 많은 부분에 영향을 끼치므로 인간의 본질을 이해하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 그러나 감정은 개인이 느끼는 강도가 다르며, 시각 영상 자극을 통해 감정을 유도하는 경우 감정이 지속적으로 유지되지 않는다. 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위하여 총 4가지 감정자극(행복, 슬픔, 공포, 보통) 시 생체신호(뇌전도, 맥파, 피부전도도, 피부 온도)를 획득하고, 이로부터 특징을 추출하여 분류기의 입력으로 사용하였다. 감정 패턴을 확률적으로 해석하여 다른 공간으로 매핑시켜주는 역할을 하는 Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM)과 Multilayer Neural Network (MNN)의 은닉층 노드를 이용하여 비선형적인 성질의 감정을 구별하는 Deep Belief Network (DBN) 감정 패턴 분류기를 설계하였다. 그 결과, DBN의 정확도(약 94%)는 오류 역전파 알고리즘의 정확도(약 40%)보다 높은 정확도를 가지며 감정 패턴 분류기로서 우수성을 가짐을 확인하였다. 이는 향후 인지과학 및 HCI 분야 등에서 활용 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 복식
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.87-102
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to identify conceptual constructs of well-being consciousness and appearance management behaviors, and to examine the effects of these two variables on attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics for Korean and Japanese consumers. A survey was carried out among female consumers between the ages of 20 and 50, and a total of 500 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, reliability test, t-test, and confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling and multi group analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The result of CFA and the reliability test on well-being consciousness and appearance management of Korean and Japanese respondents clearly showed factorial structures on each of the variant assessments. 2) In regards to the well-being consciousness, Korean and Japanese respondents highly tended to perceive well-being as a benefit to the physical health and an eco-friendly lifestyle respectively. In the area of appearance management, Korean and Japanese respondents had similar patterns that showed high scores of skin care and weight control. Both Korean and Japanese consumers showed favorable attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetic products. 3) The consumers' well-being consciousness revealed to have positive influences on appearance management behavior. Both well-being consciousness and appearance management positively influenced attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics. 4) As a result of MGA, the well-being consciousness had more positive impacts on Korean respondents' attitudes toward Korean herbal cosmetics than the appearance management variable when compared to the Japanese respondents. On the other hand, appearance management had more positive impacts on Japanese respondents' attitudes to-ward Korean herbal cosmetics than well-being consciousness when compared to the Korean respondents. These results suggest that differentiated marketing strategies for Korean herbal cosmetics are crucial when targeting Korean and Japanese consumers.

• 방송공학회논문지
• /
• 제25권5호
• /
• pp.750-757
• /
• 2020

공연에 사용하는 로봇이 인간과의 상호작용하기 위한 기본 성능 중 하나는 인간의 행동을 빠르고 정확하게 파악하는 것이다. 따라서 로봇이 인간의 자세를 추정할 때 자세 인식의 정확도를 높임과 동시에 가능한 빠른 속도로 인식할 수 있어야 한다. 그러나 현재 인공지능 기술의 대표적인 방식인 딥 러닝을 사용하여 인간의 자세를 추정할 경우, 인식의 정확도와 속도라는 두 가지 성능을 동시에 만족하지 못하고 있다. 따라서 사용 목적에 따라 추론정확도가 높은 하향식 자세추정과 처리속도가 빠른 상향식 자세추정 중 하나를 선택해서 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 앞서 언급한 두 가지 방식이 가진 장점을 모두 포함하면서 단점을 보완한 두 가지 방식을 제안한다. 첫 번째는 다중 그래픽 처리 장치를 활용해 상향식 자세추정과 물체검출을 병렬로 사용하는 방식이고, 두 번째는 상향식 자세추정과 단항분류를 융합하는 방식이다. 실험을 통해 두 가지 방식 모두 속도가 개선됨을 증명했다. 공연로봇에 이 두 가지 방식 중 하나를 사용한다면, 관객과 신뢰도 높으며 보다 빠른 상호작용을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.73-80
• /
• 2017

Purpose - Since Korean distribution market was opened, the domestic environment in department stores has been changed by the pattern of consumption and consumer need based on income classes. As multilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) accelerates opening markets, the scale of circulating capital has become bigger. Large-scale commercial facilities have developed quickly as a form of a large shopping center, thus, the matter of choice and securing market area became an important valuable in this trend. Moreover, multi-complex space has been proposed as the goal of successful business with promoting the public benefit. Research design, data, and methodology - This research studied consumer behavior using data about the life style and sales of consumers, not statistical data or survey as previous studies. This research tried to find the differentiation in complex cultural space with consumption behavior of department store. Results - As the structure of society and culture was getting diverse and complex, economic growth and development with such diversity and complexity improved consumers' quality of life. The changes of consumer life style are quite natural like human instinct. Department stores have activated retail business with the products of accumulated technology. Moreover, they have created the space of consumption and culture. Because of these social and environmental changes, department stores are being developed as Multi-functional spaces as well as sale places considering the strategies of department and the changes of consumers' purchasing behaviors. Conclusions - Urban culture complex is a landmark standing for the culture era of 21st century. It has provided an opportunity for consumers to enjoy culture, and has been an important factor to improve company images. Based on these roles and needs, expectancy effects are related with consumer preference and space preference, and the attitude toward companies. Moreover, the expectancy effects from those relationships are getting bigger and bigger. We should respect nature, a characteristic of Korean architecture, maintain visual continuity that harmonies with nature in the development of the complex space of the domestic department stores, and should take significance in the development of the complex cultural space in the direction of feeling the hierarchy of the space to obtain the visual pleasure with the artificial structure.

• 한국HCI학회논문지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2018

사물인터넷(Internet of Things)시대에는 다양한 사물이 연결되어 사물들 스스로가 데이터를 획득하여 이를 바탕으로 학습하고 동작한다. 이는 사물이 사람의 모습을 닮아가고 있다고 볼 수 있고 변화한 사물과 사람이 어떻게 소통하는가를 설계하는 것이 핵심 이슈로 떠오르고 있다. 이러한 IoT 환경이 도래함에 따라 UI 디자인 분야에서도 많은 연구가 진행되었다. 멀티모달리티(Multi-modality)와 인터유저빌리티(Interusability) 등의 키워드를 통해서 UI 분야에서도 복합적인 요소를 고려하려는 연구가 진행됐음을 알 수 있다. 하지만 기존의 UI 디자인 방법론으로는 IoT 환경에서 사용자 인터페이스(UI)를 설계할 때 사물, 사람, 데이터가 상호작용하는 방식에 대해서 구조화하고 테스트하는데 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 새로운 UI 프로토타이핑 방법을 제안하였다. 본 논문의 주요 분석과 연구는 다음과 같다: (1) 먼저 사물의 행동 프로세스를 정의하였다. (2) 행동 프로세스를 토대로 기존의 IoT 제품을 분석하였다. (3) 사물성격(Personality of Things)유형을 구분 지을 수 있는 프레임워크를 제작하였다. (4) 프레임워크를 바탕으로 사물성격(Personality of Things) 유형을 도출하였다. (5) 3개의 대표 사물성격(Personality of Things)을 실제 스마트 홈 서비스에 적용하여 프로토타이핑 테스트를 해보았다. 본 연구는 새로운 UI 프로토타이핑 방법을 제안하여 더 총체적인 방식으로 IoT 서비스에 대한 사용자 경험(UX)을 확인할 수 있었다는 데 의의가 있다. 또한, 향후 본 연구를 발전시켜 인공지능(AI) 기술이 발전한 환경에서 지능화된 서비스의 정체성(Identity) 확립의 도구로 사물성격(Personality of Things) 개념을 활용할 수 있을 것이라 생각한다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제11권1_2호
• /
• pp.19-29
• /
• 1996

Human exposure to volatile compounds in tap water can occur from inhalation and dermal absorption as well as direct ingestion. The relative contribution to total human exposure from these pathways has been considered to be important especially for VOC's (volatile organic compounds). In an attempt to reduce the uncertainty of the risk assessment, it has been suggested that the exposure assessment process could be significantly improved by adopting Monte-Carlo simulation. However, there is no actual data in Korea for each exposure parameter to determine the level of exposure, and the distributional pattern. Therefore, we surveyed water use patterns and behavior related to multi-route exposure to VOC's in household tap water in Korea, and compared these values to the those in western countries. In the first survey, we calculated daily water intake using data from a sample of 1322 persons of several cities in Korea. In the second survey, we obtained questionnaire data on exposure time for showering, bathing and household activities, and tap water intake from 851households in Korea. In the last survey, we measured the exposure parameters (exposure time, water use rate etc.) related to showers, baths, toilets, dish washing, washing and cooking, and tap water intake was surveyed. Also, the subjects were measured their body weight, height and tidal volume, etc. A diary, a flow meter and a measuring cup were used to measure these values as precisely as possible. Average daily water intake was ranged 0.79-1.71 L/day for adults in three surveys. Tap water intake measured by log-sheet during one week in third survey was 1.26 (average), 1.98 L/day (90 percentlie), respectively. These results were comparable with results from EPA (1.4, 2L/day). The average amount of water used by housewives in the third survey was 515.0 $\pm$ 564.6L/day. In usual activity, the amount of water used in the bathroom, the laundry and the kitchen was 140.0 $\pm$ 538.9, 148.0 $\pm$ 174.5, 229.3 $\pm$ 205.4 L/day, respectively. Exposure parameters such as water intake rate, exposure duration, body weight, inhalation rates in surveyed data of Korean people differed from those published from western countries. This could be attributed to variations in lifestyle, dietary habits and physiological characteristics.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.253-263
• /
• 2018

본 논문은 이탈-목소리내기 이론과 밴드웨건 효과, 사회적 태만이론을 이용하여 팀 수준의 갈등관리 참여와 개인수준의 이직 의도간의 비선형 모형을 검증하였다. 또한 팀 수준의 갈등관리와 개인수준의 이직 의도 간 비선형 관계에 더하여, 리더에 대한 신뢰가 이러한 관계에 있어 어떠한 조절효과를 갖는지에 대해서도 살펴보았다. 이러한 두 가지 가설들을 검증하기 위하여 한국의 제조업 회사의 48개 팀에서 331명의 팀원들로부터 한 달 간격으로 데이터를 수집하였다. 검증 결과, 가설 1에서 예측한 것처럼 위계선형모형의 분석결과 팀 수준의 갈등관리 참여와 개인수준의 이직의도간의 비선형관계가 검증되었다. 그러나 가설 2의 예측과는 달리 이 관계에 대한 상사신뢰의 조절효과는 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타나지 않아 가설이 기각되었다. 이 논문은 팀 내부의 상호작용에 따라 개인의 이직의도가 변화할 수 있다는 것을 보여준다. 이를 통해 갈등관리에 있어서의 팀 수준 관리의 필요성을 강조하였고, 논문의 마지막에 논문의 한계를 논의함과 더불어 미래연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.