• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1996

Menu-driven interfaces are frequently employed for user interfaces on many electronic products. Due to space constraint, a single or multi-line display is popularly used to show menu items unlike the software interfaces. Single or multi-line display present 8 .approx. 21. characters on an LCD screen and the user selects items using a series of button pushes. Multi-line displays are different from the single-line ones in the following aspects. First, they can present multiple line of information at the same time. Second, they can present menu items in a various way compared to single-line ones. However, due to their space constraint multi-line displays have many limitations compared to ordinary displays which usually use 14" screens. Therefore, guidelines are necessary for designing efficent multi-line display menus interfaces. In this study, a human factors experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three design variables which might affect the usability of a multi-line display menus. Factors investigated include menu structure, number of lines on the display, and item presentation method. Usability of the multi-line display menus was measured quantitatively in terms of four different aspects: speed, accuracy, inefficiency and preference. The analysis of variance was used not only to analyze the main effects of the factors and their interactions but also to see the differences between the single-line display menus and multi-line display ones. A set of design guidelines drawn from this study can be applied to the design of the user interfaces of a various types of electronic consumer products.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1479-1486
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• 2016

According to the advancement of display devices, the multi-screen contents display environment is growing to be accepted for the display exhibition area. The objectives of this research are to find communications technology and to design an editor interface of contents delivery system for the larger and adaptive multi-display workspaces. The proposed system can find existence of display devices and get information without any additional tools like marker, and can recognize device layout with only web-cam and image processing technology. The multi-display contents delivery system is composed of devices with three roles; display device, editor device, and fixed server. The editor device which has the role of main control uses UPnP technology to find existence and receive information of display devices. extract appointed color in captured picture using a tracking library to recognize the physical layout of display devices. After the device information and physical layout of display devices are connected, the content delivery system allows the display contents to be sent to the corresponding display devices through WebSocket technology. Also the experimental results show the possibility of our device connection and layout recognition techniques can be utilized for the large spaced and adaptive multi-display applications.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.337-347
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• 2015

This paper presents a dynamic association and natural interaction method for multi-displays composed of smart devices. Users can intuitively associate relations among smart devices by shake gestures, flexibly modify the layout of the display by tilt gestures, and naturally interact with the multi-display by multi-touch interactions. First of all, users shake their smart devices to create and bind a group for a multi-display with a matrix configuration in an ad-hoc and collaborative situation. After the creation of the group, if needed, their display layout can be flexibly changed by tilt gestures that move the tilted device to the nearest vacant cell in the matrix configuration. During the tilt gestures, the system automatically modifies the relation, view, and configuration of the multi-display. Finally, users can interact with the multi-display through multi-touch interactions just as they interact with a single large display. Furthermore, depending on the context or role, synchronous or asynchronous mode is available to them for providing a split view or another UI. We will show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach by demonstrating implementation results and evaluating the method by the usability study.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.505-508
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• 2009

The super multi-view (SMV) display and the high-density directional (HDD) display were proposed as a natural 3D display that is free from the visual fatigue caused by the accommodation-vergence conflict and provides smooth motion parallax. The multi-projection system, the flat-panel system, and the time-multiplexing system are used to construct the HDD displays. The recent progress of the HDD 3D display is reviewed.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.159-165
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to predict human performance time in finding objects on multi-display monitors using ACT-R cognitive architecture. Background: Display monitors are one of the representative interfaces for interaction between people and the system. Nowadays, the use of multi-display monitors is increasing so that it is necessary to research about the interaction between users and the system on multi-display monitors. Method: A cognitive model using ACT-R cognitive architecture was developed for the model-based evaluation on multi-display monitors. To develop the cognitive model, first, an experiment was performed to extract the latency about the where system of ACT-R. Then, a menu selection experiment was performed to develop a human performance model to find objects on multi-display monitors. The validation of the cognitive model was also carried out between the developed ACT-R model and empirical data. Results: As a result, no significant difference on performance time was found between the model and empirical data. Conclusion: The ACT-R cognitive architecture could be extended to model human behavior in the search of objects on multi-display monitors.. Application: This model can help predicting performance time for the model-based usability evaluation in the area of multi-display work environments.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.41-45
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• 1995

Menu-driven interfaces are frequently employed for user -system interfaces on many electronic products. Due to the space and budget constraint, a single or multi-line display is used to show menu items. Single or Multi-line display present 8 .approx. 21 characters on an LCD screen and users select items using a series of button pushes. Multi-line displays are different from the single-line ones in the following aspects. First, they can present multiple menu items at the same time. Second, they can present menu items in a various way, for example, same-depth presentation, sub-depth presentation, previous selection, etc. In this study, a human factors experiment is being conducted to examine the effects of three independent variables on the design of a multi-line display. Factors investigated include menu structure, number of lines on the display, item presentation methodl. Usability of the multi-line display is being measured quantitatively in terms of four different aspects: task completion time, accuracy, inefficiency, user preference. A set of design guidelines will be drawn from this study which can be applied to usef-system interfaces of a various types of consumer products.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2008

A HMD type multi-focus 3D display system is developed and proof about satisfaction of eye accommodation is tested. Four LEDs(Light Emitting Diode) and a DMD are used to generate four parallax images at single eye and any mechanical part is not included in this system. The multi-focus means the ability of monocular depth cue to various depth levels. By achieving multi-focus function, we developed a 3D display system for only one eye, which can satisfy the accommodation to displayed virtual objects within defined depth. We could achieve a result that focus adjustment is possible at 5 step depths in sequence within 2m depth for only one eye. Additionally, the change level of burring depending on the focusing depth is tested by captured photos and moving pictures of video camera and several subjects. And the HMD type multi-focus 3D display can be applied to a monocular 3D display and monocular AR 3D display.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.10B
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• pp.1117-1123
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• 2009

Head fixed type multi-focus display system using Galvano-scanner and DMD(Digital Micro-mirror Device), which is able to perfectly accommodate, can solve eye fatigue due to conflict between convergence eye movement and accommodation action in stereoscopic display. This system is able to accommodate through making convergence point about each view point and offering it in front of observer's pupil by using laser scanning method. In this paper, we analyzed laser scanning method of this multi-focus display system. And multi-focus display system based on this analysis was made, which showed that focus adjustment was possible through video camera. As a result, formation principle of view point of multi-focus system by laser scanning method was verified.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.1314-1317
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• 2006

The problem of the conflict between eye convergence and accommodation can be induced at Stereoscopic or multi-view 3D display system using binocular disparity. A multi-focus 3D display system was developed, which can solve the problem. LEDs are used instead of galvano scanner and laser to avoid mechanical moving part at the 3D display system.

• Journal of Information Display
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

Multi-view function is important to three-dimensional displays without dedicated glasses. It is the reason that the observers earnestly desire to change their positions freely. Multi-viewing is also principal to the reality of three-dimensional (3D) image displayed on the screen. The display of projection type has the advantage that the number of viewing points can be easily increased according to the number of projectors. The authors research on multi-view projection display with hologram screen. Powerful directionality of the diffracted beam from hologram screen is required unlike two-dimensional (2D) display. We developed a new method that all diffracted beams satisfied the same Bragg condition and became sufficiently bright to observe the 3D image under usual indoor light. The principle is based on the essential Bragg diffraction in the three-dimensional space. Owing to such three-dimensional Bragg diffraction we achieved an excellent hologram screen that could be multiple reconstructed in spite of single recording. This hologram screen is able to answer arbitrary numbers of viewing points within wide viewing zone. The distortion of 3D image becomes also sufficiently small with the method of dividing the cross angle between illumination and diffraction beam.