• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.305-312
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• 2018

There is a general consensus that Baekjeing means Butcher after the Joseon Dynasty. In the Goryeo Dynasty, the title of "Baekjeong" was named as a general farmer's name, "Hwacheok" and "Jaecheok" from the north, but it changed its name to Shin Baekjeong by nationalization policy in the early Joseon Dynasty. They were multicultural Ancestors who worked for jobs which people despised. The purpose of this study is to examine the background and trends of how these were stripped of their identity and to present a direction for deciding on the policy of multiculturalism which is the subject of our society today. Based on the researches of historical researchers, the study examines the multicultural dynamics of old period and observes the present phenomenon by interpreting the statistics of the related institutions of the government. We realized that the reason for the liberation of the Baekjeong has a various causes and its causes are similar to the phenomenon of today 's multicultural society, so that the depth research on each factor will be added to form a desirable policy base for multiculturalism in our country.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2002

Unlike a study related in language alone, rhetorical study of current time, composed with multi-culture, medias, communication, presents its own field that covers from the form of discourse(persuasive) to another form of discourse(not persuasive). If there was a study of making beautiful sentences for story and finding simple method of speech in Greek and roman period of an ancient time, it now a study in which one finds the essence of literary style or terminology in the expression of sentence. The taller case is especially important, given that the importance of what to express visually is on-going active procedure of this stuffy as itself an activity of communication. When a visual object persuades viewers, the activity of communication derives them to react and to understand the intention of an artist. The matter of how to speak is the matter of how to shape message persuasively. This persuasive method or technique is study of rhetoric. The three aspects (figurative, accentuating, mutating) of rhetorical expression of an illustration, the visual image can give fresh feelings to be in intimate relations with public. These rhetorical expressions also vitalize the story that is expressed on illustration with crisp image. It helps to attain expected effects while discovering essential meaning through the corresponding linguistic interpretation of an image. The study aims at the most effective way to communicate by figuring the most strong and direct illustrative message out. One of the method is to patternize illustrative expressions that are established from all kinds of shapes of Rhetoric. Therefore ,an operation of significance and an implication can shape an ultimate goal of this study from acknowledging the mechanism that modern illustration embraces.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-242
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• 2005

We report the case of a girl with peritoneal tuberculosis (Tb) who presented with mimicking features of ovarian cancer including massive ascites, elevation of CA-125 and ovarian masses. These ovarian masses cannot be ruled out malingnacy with image study. Gram stain, acid-fast stain, bacteriological and mycological culture of centrifuged ascites cells were negative. Tumor markers revealed an elevated CA-125 level of 112 U/mL and adenosine deaminase level were significantly high with 118 U/L. Diagnostic laparoscopy was done. The histology of the peritoneum and the ovary showed multiple granulomatous nodules with epithelioid cells and multi-nucleated giant cells. And there were no evidence of malignancy. Furthermore acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was identified in this specimen. Peritoneal Tb was difficult to diagnosis in our patient because it mimicked ovarian cancer. And this is the first case of abdominal Tb mimicking ovarian cancer in children in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.595-604
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• 2006

The growth characteristics of Commercially Developed Nitrifying Bacteria (CDNB) were studied in laboratoryscale. CDNB, a pure, artificially isolated bacterium, was cultivated to produce Cultivated Nitrifying Bacterium Group (CNBG). The average ammonia removal rate of CDNB was 0.0234g $NH_4^+-N/g$ MLSS/hr. CNBG was produced in the batch reactor and Specific Nitrification Rate (SNR) was determined at 0.0107g $NH_4^+-N/g$ MLSS/hr. The SNR of CNBG was lower than the SNR of CDNB because the diverse and multi-cultured microbial growth took place during cultivation. The effect of the temperatures and the mixing ratios of sewage and culture solution on the SNR of CNBG was studied. The SNR of CNBG, 0.0107g $NH_4^+-N/g$ MLSS/hr at $27^{\circ}C$, decreased to 0.0048g $NH_4^+-N/g$ MLSS/hr at $15^{\circ}C$, and temperature coefficient (${\Theta}$) was calculated to be 1.07. With the varied sewage mixing ratios, the SNR of CNBG remained unchanged. Activated sludge reactors maintaining an MLSS of 2,000mg/L at HRT of 4 h were operated under conditions in which dosage of Concentrated CNBG Solution (CCNBGS, 10,000mg MLSS/L) and application method of CNBG were varied. The reactor with 20mL of CCNBGS took shorter time to oxidize $NH_4^+-N$ reaching 1mg/L than the reactor with 5mL of CCNBGS showing that higher dosages were associated with greater mass removal of $NH_4^+-N$. However, the total removal was not great. In terms of different methods of CNBG application, reactor seeded with 20mL of CCNBGS took 3days to reach 1mg/L of effluent ammonia concentration while reactor dosed with 20% (v/v) CNBG implanted media took 2days. Both the control reactor and the reactor dosed with 20% (v/v) media only did not reach 1mg $NH_4^+-N/L$ after operating 18days. The reactor with CNBG implanted media had the highest $NH_4^+-N$ removal rate because of maintaining high concentration of Nitrifying Oxidizing Bacteria (NOM), and is regarded as an appropriate method for the activated sludge process.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.196-209
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze engineering basic competencies about the time completed a course and educational needs of engineering college graduates. Survey method using questionnaire was the major research method of this study. A survey of 807 engineering college graduates was carried out. Questionnaire were made of the level of engineering basic competencies of engineering college graduates, its priorities of actual vocation and level of engineering basic competencies of major. Major results of the study, some recommendations for future researches were made as follows: The level of engineering basic competencies of engineering college graduates was 3.3 average(5 full marks). Engineering basic competencies that educational needs were high respectively, were an ability to communicate effectively, an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs, an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams, an ability to understand global culture and cooperate internationally, an ability to design and conduct experiment as well as to analyze and interpret data, and an ability to engage in life-long learning.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6089-6092
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• 2015

Background: The prevalence of metronidazole-resistant H. pylori is almost 50% in Thailand which severely limits the use of this drug for eradication therapy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy and safety profiles of 7-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy including metronidazole as an initial treatment for H. pylori infection in a high metronidazole resistance area. Materials and Methods: This study was performed at Thammasat University Hospital and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital during January 2009 to October 2010. Patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) with active H. pylori infection were assigned to receive seven days of quadruple therapy (pantoprazole 40 mg bid, bismuth subsalicylate 1,048 mg bid, amoxicillin 1 gm bid and metronidazole 400 mg tid). H. pylori infection was defined as positive H. pylori culture or two positive tests (rapid urease test and histology). Antibiotic susceptibility test for metronidazole by Epsilometer test (E-test) was performed in all positive cultures. At least four weeks after treatment, $^{13}C$ urea breath test ($^{13}C-UBT$) was performed to confirm H. pylori eradication. Results: A total of 114 patients were enrolled in this study, 50 males and 64 females with a mean age of 49.8 years. All 114 patients had a diagnosis of NUD. Overall eradication as confirmed by negative $^{13}C-UBT$ was achieved in 94 out of 114 patients (82.5%). 44 patients had positive cultures and success for E-test. In vitro metronidazole resistance was observed in 22/44 (50%) patients. Eradication rate in patients with metronidazole resistant strains was 16/22 (72.7%) and 20/22 (90.1%) with metronidazole sensitive strains (72.7% vs 90.1%, p-value=0.12; OR=3.75 [95%CI=0.6-31.5]). Minor adverse reactions included nausea, bitter taste, diarrhea and black stools but none of the patients dropped out from the study. Conclusions: Initial treatment with 7-day bismuth-based quadruple therapy including metronidazole, amoxycillin and pantoprazole is highly effective and well tolerated for metronidazole-sensitive H. pylori infections. However, the efficacy markedly decline with metronidazole resistance. Longer duration of this regimen might be required to improve the eradication rate and larger multi-center studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.3447-3450
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• 2015

Objective: To explore the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs in elderly patients and its correlation with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cancer tissue. Materials and Methods: Forty-three elderly patients with gastric cancer (observation group) and 31 young patients with gastrointestinal tumors (control group) who were all diagnosed by pathology and underwent surgery in the 89th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were selected. Drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells in primary culture was carried out in both groups using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the expression of COX-2 and the factors related to multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The inhibition rates (IR) of vincristine (VCR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), mitomycin (MMC) and epirubicin (eADM) on tumor cells in the observation group were dramatically lower than in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive rates of COX-2, glutathione s-transferase-${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and P glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in cancer tissue in the observation group were all higher than in control group (P<0.05), while that of DNA topoisomerase $II{\alpha}$ ($TopoII{\alpha}$) expression lower than in the control group (P<0.01). In the observation group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue had a significantly-positive correlation with GST-${\pi}$ and P-gp (r=0.855, P=0.000; r=0.240, P=0.026), but a negative correlation with $TopoII{\alpha}$ (r=-0.328, P=0.002). In the control group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue was only correlated with P-gp positively (r=0.320, P=0.011). Bivariate correlation analysis displayed that COX-2 expression in cancer tissue in the observation group had a significantly-negative correlation with the IRs of 5-FU, L-OHP, paclitaxel (PTX) and eADM in tumor cells (r=-0.723, P=0.000; r=-0.570, P=0.000; r=-0.919, P=0.000; r=-0.781, P=0.000), but with hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT), VCR and 5-FU in the control group (r=-0.915, P=0.000; r=-0.890, P=0.000; r=-0.949, P=0.000). Conclusions: Gastric cancer cells in elderly patients feature stronger MDR, which may be related to high COX-2 expression.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.221-235
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• 2013

By identifying the effects of support from spouse and family on the mental health of marriage immigrant women, this study was proposed in obtaining basic data for a mental health intervention program. This study is a descriptive correlation study conducted on 129 marriage immigrant women as subjects. The result of the study showed differences in the following: for anxiety, depending on their country of origin, length of marriage, family structure, marriage structure, visit back home, and Korean language skill; for depression, depending on their spouse's education level, providing financial support for family back home, and Korean language skill; for somatization disorder, depending on their spouses' education level, area of residence, and occupation. Also, anxiety and depression showed a negative correlation with support from spouse and family, and somatization disorder showed a negative correlation with support from family. The main variable for mental health was support from family; for anxiety, the main variables were country of origin, length of marriage, and marriage structure; for somatization disorder, the main variables were spouse's education level, area or residence, and occupation. Based on the results of this study, a variety of mental health programs helpful for immigrant women in adapting to their multi-faceted and complex life in a different culture and nursing interventions for improving support from family would need to be developed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.501-510
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• 2016

Because hotels contain the cultural and artistic information of an era and plays a role as an iconic building to experience the unique regional culture, they are more than just a building. In recent years, as Jeju is emerging as a popular tourist city, a multi-functional and systematic plan for hotels is needed. Therefore, this study provides basic design data for hotel construction in the future by analyzing the public space of the luxury tourist hotels on Seogwipo-si. The public space of hotels, divided into service, food and beverage, banquet, leisure and convenience space, are categorized in terms of the cross combination type, entrance space form, plan type, unit space form to understand their relativity in the public space of hotels. This study reviewed the hotel construction based on the reference and literature, and, visited the sites to determine the current general status of hotels and then analyzed the architectural planning factors and spatial composition types.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.636-644
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore practical intervention strategies by identifying the relationships among digital informatization capacity, level of digital informatization accessability and life satisfaction of disabled people and to determine differences among these relationships depending on perceived level of social support networks. The participants were 1,639 disabled people from the 2017 digital information gap survey and the results, based on structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis, are as follows. First, digital informatization capacity has a positive influence on the level of digital informatization accessability(β=.65), and life satisfaction(β=.08). The level of digital informatization accessability also has positive influence on life satisfaction(β=.44). Second, the analysis result of the mediated effects of digital informatization accessability level between digital informatization capacity and life satisfaction was significant at a level (β=.29) even greater than the direct effect of digital informatization capacity on life satisfaction. Third, digital information capacity and digital informatization accessability have an influence on life satisfaction regardless of their perceived level of social support. The findings suggest that creating online environments where disabled people can enjoy leisure, culture, and social interaction with high accessibility and utility are as important as providing education for improving their digital informatization capacity.