• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.722-728
• /
• 2005

The present paper deals with heating energy estimation in Korean-style apartments, paying special attention to the effect of room condition settings. Two types of heating modes are considered: continuous single-zone and scheduled multi-zone. In the latter, zones during unoccupied periods remain unconditioned. Also analyzed are sensitivities in heating energy with respect to the air change rate and the set temperature. The energy use is estimated with TRNSYS 15, a dynamic load calculation program. Heating energy for the actual residential condition (1.0 ACH and $24^{\circ}C$) appears to be nearly the same as that for a typical design standard (1.5 ACH and $20^{\circ}C$). The air change rate affects heating energy as sensitive]y as the set temperature. For all the simulated cases, the scheduled multi-zone heating mode is more energy-efficient than the continuous single-zone. Heating energy depends appreciably on the shading factor. It is expected that considerable heating energy for apartment houses can be saved by employing a multi-zone mode along with appropriate control devices.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.627-636
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the new korean district heating system for apartment houses. The upper & lower side ondol system with multi sensing control system was developed as a new korean district heating system and evaluated in 2 mock-up laboratories last winter. As a result of field measurement, when the load differences between perimeter zone and central zone are increased, the ondol system divided in the upper and lower side can be evaluated as the new ondol system with a capability for suppling proper heating energy for each zone. The user can have the freedom for changing an upper zone and a lower zone and controlling each temperature according to their needs.

• 산업과 과학
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2023

실리콘러버히터는 플렉시블하기 때문에 평면, 곡면, 입체적인 형태에서도 직접 접착이나 피가열물에 넣어 설치할 수 있다. 현재의 가열방식은 열이 필요하지 않은 영역 또는 위치를 무시하고 피가열물체 전체를 가열하여 필요한 온도로 상승시키기 때문에 일부분만을 부분집중 가열할 수 없었다. 멀티히팅존을 이용하면 피가열물체 전체를 가열하는 것보다는 공정에 따라 열이 필요한 부분만 집중가열하기 때문에 열이 필요한 장소마다 적은 전기용량으로 발열량을 다르게 적용하여 국소 위치별로 빠르게 가열할 수 있고, 열에너지를 줄일 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 열융착이 필요한 영역에서 균일한 온도 또는 온도 차이가 발생하도록 다중 가열영역 구조내의 부분집중 영역에 대한 온도 및 가열 시간을 측정한다. 최적의 전력밀도 범위 결정 및 전기용량을 감소하기 위해 멀티히팅존 구조로 제작된 실리콘러버히터의 안전성을 알아본다. 이와 같이 다중가열방식으로 실리콘러버히터를 제작하면 다중집중 가열기술을 모든 가열공정에 이상적으로 적용할 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2015년도 제49회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.239.2-239.2
• /
• 2015

Graphene is a most interesting material due to its unique and outstanding properties. However, semi-metallic properties of graphene along with zero bandgap energy structure limit further application to optoelectronic devices. Recently, many researchers have shown that band gap can be induced in the Bernal stacked bilayer graphene. Several methods have been used for the controlled growth of the Bernal staked bilayer graphene, but it is still challenging to control the growth process. In this paper, we synthesize the large area Bernal stacked bilayer graphene using multi heating zone low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). The synthesized bilayer graphenes are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is used for the observation of atomic resolution image of the graphene layers.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제19권5호
• /
• pp.355-363
• /
• 2007

The Korean traditional 'Ondol' system has been a target for innovation to meet the requirements of sustainable domestic building and low carbon emission energy utilization. Simulation techniques provide designers and researchers with powerful tools to predict heating load and thermal behaviour of Ondol systems installed in various contexts. However, there are few studies on Ondol models, especially associated with multi-stories buildings of which type covers about 50% of Korean housing stock. In this study, we analyzed the double floor Ondol system on the multi-stories buildings using the ESP-r program. On the basis of the double floor Ondol system, we suggested the new modelling method that is composed of the Vent zone and Ondol zone. Using the this model, sensitivity analysis was carried out to refine the applicability of the model taking account of control conditions, constructions, air change and air flow network method and CFD analysis using the FLUENT. The air layer has enough temperature to use in heating zone. It is suggested that the simplicity of the model will allow building designers and mechanical engineers easily to implement scenario-based assessments of design options as well as control strategies. Later, we will simulate the real buildings and analyze the air distributions using the Fluent according to the various conditions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2002

A study on microstructures of welds for Zircaloy-4 sheath end closure by the resistance upset welding methods was carried out. Two upset welding process variations such as magnetic farce and multi-impulse resistance welding were used. Grain size and microhardness across welds were analysed in terms of welding parameters. Magnetic farce resistance weld with one cycle of unbalanced mode has smaller upset length and $\alpha-grain$ size in heat affected zone than those of multi-impulse resistance weld because of lower heat input and shorter welding time. Heat affected zone formed by two upset resistance welding variations revealed fine Widmanstatten structure or martensitic ${\alpha}'$ structure due to the high heating rate and foster cooling rate. Magnetic force resistance welds showed recrystallized grains before grain growth, whereas multi-impulse resistance welds showed full grain growth.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제32권12호
• /
• pp.1017-1021
• /
• 2015

Induction heating has been applied to the preheating process in various industrial fields. It has been used as a simple device structure, limiting the heating zone through controlled variables, and free-welding positions. It would be helpful to weld thick plates with arc welding such as GMAW. The induction heating process is well suited to this process. In this study, in order to find suitable induction heating parameters, a simulation was conducted with multi physics S/W. Three kinds of material were heated by induction coils designed specially for thick plate. Consequently, steel and nimonic alloy were the most efficient materials for preheating by induction. It can be concluded that the induction heating process is a good method for preheating the thick plate.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 하계학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.609-614
• /
• 2008

The heating and cooling performance of system multi-air conditioner under high-head and long-line conditions are experimentally investigated. The maximum head and tube length were 110 m and 1000 m, respectively. The experimental system was composed of 4 outdoor units with module systems, and 13 indoor units which were joined with the mode change unit by single-tube circuit. Field tests without indoor and outdoor temperature control were performed in a general office building with 22 different working conditions. Experimental results were prepared on the p-h diagram. Also the oil level in the compressor was normally maintained at the safety zone for the system multi-air conditioner with high-head and long-line conditions.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제5권3호
• /
• pp.157-168
• /
• 1993

Pipe network of hot water heat supply system in an apartment house was analyzed. Flowrate and supply heat capacity of each household in which constant flowrate balancing valve is installed in a single zone system were calculated and the results were investigated. In the existing piping system, the non-uniformity of heat supply with floors due to the static pressure and temperature difference between supply main and return main can not be avoided and this tendency get intense with the increase of the height of building. The non-uniformity of heat supply can be prevented by the installation of balancing valve at each household, however if the performance of supply pump is not sufficient to overcome the energy loss due to the installation of balancing valve for constant flow rate or if the selection of the valve capacity is not adequate, the valves will may lose their controllability.

• 생물환경조절학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 유리온실 경영비 절감을 위한 고효율 난방기술을 개발하기 위하여 지하수열원 히트펌프, 알루미늄 다겹보온커튼, 근권부 국소난방장치를 조합한 난방 패키지 모델을 구성하고 파프리카 재배 벤로형 유리온실에 적용 시험을 수행하였다. 적용효과 분석을 위하여 관행 경유온수보일러와 일반 보온커튼을 설치한 대조구 온실과 비교시험을 통해 온실환경, 난방비용, 작물생육 등을 검토하였다. 알루미늄 다겹보온커튼과 일반 부직포 보온커튼을 설치한 온실에 대한 무가온 조건에서의 야간온도 비교시험에서 알루미늄 다겹보온커튼 설치 온실의 온도가 일반 부직포 보온커튼 설치 온실에 비해 평균 $2.2^{\circ}C$ 더 높게 유지됨을 확인하였다. 또한 근권부 국소 난방장치를 설치한 온실에서 미설치 온실에 비해 야간 난방 중의 베드내부 근권온도가 $4.7^{\circ}C$ 더 높게 유지됨을 확인하였다. 난방패키지를 구성하는 지하수열원 히트펌프의 난방성능을 분석한 결과 지하수를 직접 열원으로 이용하는 시스템 특성상 난방성능계수는 평균 3.7로 비교적 높게 나타났다. 난방패키지를 적용한 처리구 온실과 관행 난방의 대조구 온실에 대하여 연료소비량을 계측한 결과 10a($1,000m^2$)당 대조구 온실은 경유 14,071L, 전력 364kWh를 소비하였고, 처리구는 전력 35,082kWh를 소비하여 난방비용 기준으로 대조구 온실의 비용 절감율은 87%로 나타났다. 처리구 및 대조구 온실의 작물생육을 비교한 결과 초장과 엽록소 함량에서 차이가 발생하였으나 두 온실의 난방온도가 거의 동일하므로 전체적인 생육은 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 원예시설의 난방에너지 절감효과를 극대화하기 위해서는 본 연구의 난방패키지를 구성하는 개별 기술뿐 아니라 이미 개발된 고효율 공조기 이용기술, 보온성 향상기술, 온도관리 기술 등을 지역, 시설, 작목, 작형 등에 최적화하여 조합할 수 있는 추가적 패키지 모델의 개발 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단되었다.