• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.189-208
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of education service quality (quality of professor service, quality of curriculum service) on career decision-making, self-efficacy, career decision level, and career preparation behavior. Appropriate measures were developed and tested on 426 respondents of Gyeongnam province in South Korea with a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. To ensure the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, and validity analysis were conducted. To ensure the reliability and validity of the measurement model, the CFA(confirmatory factor anlaysis) were conducted. The SEM(structural equation modeling) analysis was undertaken to perform the path analysis among the variables and to assess the suitability of the model. MCFA(multi group CFA) and MSEM(multi group SEM) were performed to confirm the moderation effect. Results of the study are summarized as follows: Firstly, education service quality has positive effects on career decision-making self-efficacy. Second, career decision-making self-efficacy has positive effects on career decision level and career reparation behavior. Third, career decision level has positive effects on career reparation behavior. Finally, it was found there exists a moderating effect of freshman/registered student between education service quality, career decision-making self-efficacy, career decision level, career preparation behavior. As a result of this study, it is suggested that investigation of extraneous variables which help to improve career preparation behavior and career decision level as for career of university student will contribute to university education.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.6 s.95
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• pp.835-842
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• 2004

In this paper, we have analyzed the MC-DS/CDMA system with input signal synchronized completely through adjustment of the gain in the PLL loop, by using the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) technique, which is said to one of the optimal diversity techniques under the multi-path fading environment, assuming that phase error is defined to the phase difference between the received signal from the multi-path and the reference signal in the PLL of the receiver. Also, assuming that the regarded radio channel model for the mobile communication is subject to the Nakagami-m fading channel, we have developed the expressions and performed the simulation under the consideration of various factor, in the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) diversity method, such as the Nakagami fading index(m), $the\;number\;of\;paths\;(L_p),$ the number of hybrid SC.MRC-(2/3) $diversity\;branches\;(L,\;L_c),$ the number of users (K), the number of subcarriers (U), and the gain in the PLL loop. As a result of the simulation, it has been confirmed that the performance improvement of the system can be achieved by adjusting properly the PLL loop in order for the MC/DS-CDMA system with the hybrid SC/MRC-(2/3) diversity method to receive a fully synchronized signal. And the value of the gain in the PLL loop should exceed 7dB in order for the system to receive the signal with prefect synchronization, even though there might be a slight difference according to the values of the fading index and the spread processing gain of the subcarrier.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.77-88
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• 2021

Duck industry had a rapid growth in recent years. Nevertheless, researches to improve duck house environment are still not sufficient enough. Moisture generation of duck house litter is an important factor because it may cause severe illness and low productivity. However, the measuring process is difficult because it could be disturbed with animal excrements and other factors. Therefore, it has to be calculated according to the environmental data around the duck house litter. To cut through all these procedures, we built several machine learning regression model forecasting moisture generation of litter by measured environment data (air temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity and water contents). 5 models (Multi Linear Regression, k-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Regression, Random Forest and Deep Neural Network). have been selected for regression. By using R-Square, RMSE and MAE as evaluation metrics, the best accurate model was estimated according to the variables for each machine learning model. In addition, to address the small amount of data acquired through lab experiments, bootstrapping method, a technique utilized in statistics, was used. As a result, the most accurate model selected was Random Forest, with parameters of n-estimator 200 by bootstrapping the original data nine times.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-92
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• 2012

This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model in the present study as a conceptual framework. The results of an online survey of 335 mobile phone users in the U.S. indicated the positive effects of arousal and information relevancy on pleasure. In addition, there was a significant relationship between pleasure and intention to use a LBMSS. However, the relationship between dominance and pleasure was not statistically significant. The results of the present study provides insight to retailers and marketers as to what factors they need to consider to implement location-based mobile shopping services to improve their business performance. Extended Abstract : Location aware technology has expanded the marketer's reach by reducing space and time between a consumer's receipt of advertising and purchase, offering real-time information and coupons to consumers in purchasing situations (Dickenger and Kleijnen, 2008; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). LBMSS increases the relevancy of SMS marketing by linking advertisements to a user's location (Bamba and Barnes, 2007; Malhotra and Malhotra, 2009). This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective response. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship among information relevancy and affective variables and their effects on intention to use LBMSS. Thus, information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) model and generated the following hypotheses. Hypothesis 1. There will be a positive influence of arousal concerning LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 2. There will be a positive influence of dominance in LBMSS on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 3. There will be a positive influence of information relevancy on pleasure in regard to LBMSS. Hypothesis 4. There will be a positive influence of pleasure about LBMSS on intention to use LBMSS. E-mail invitations were sent out to a randomly selected sample of three thousand consumers who are older than 18 years old and mobile phone owners, acquired from an independent marketing research company. An online survey technique was employed utilizing Dillman's (2000) online survey method and follow-ups. A total of 335 valid responses were used for the data analysis in the present study. Before the respondents answer any of the questions, they were told to read a document describing LBMSS. The document included definitions and examples of LBMSS provided by various service providers. After that, they were exposed to a scenario describing the participant as taking a saturday shopping trip to a mall and then receiving a short message from the mall. The short message included new product information and coupons for same day use at participating stores. They then completed a questionnaire containing various questions. To assess arousal, dominance, and pleasure, we adapted and modified scales used in the previous studies in the context of location-based mobile shopping service, each of the five items from Mehrabian and Russell (1974). A total of 15 items were measured on a seven-point bipolar scale. To measure information relevancy, four items were borrowed from Mason et al. (1995). Intention to use LBMSS was captured using two items developed by Blackwell, and Miniard (1995) and one items developed by the authors. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 19.0 and LISREL 8.72. A total of usable 335 data were obtained after deleting the incomplete responses, which results in a response rate of 11.20%. A little over half of the respondents were male (53.9%) and approximately 60% of respondents were married (57.4%). The mean age of the sample was 29.44 years with a range from 19 to 60 years. In terms of the ethnicity there were European Americans (54.5%), Hispanic American (5.3%), African-American (3.6%), and Asian American (2.9%), respectively. The respondents were highly educated; close to 62.5% of participants in the study reported holding a college degree or its equivalent and 14.5% of the participants had graduate degree. The sample represents all income categories: less than $24,999 (10.8%), $25,000-$49,999 (28.34%), $50,000-$74,999 (13.8%), and $75,000 or more (10.23%). The respondents of the study indicated that they were employed in many occupations. Responses came from all 42 states in the U.S. To identify the dimensions of research constructs, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) using a varimax rotation was conducted. As indicated in table 1, these dimensions: arousal, dominance, relevancy, pleasure, and intention to use, suggested by the EFA, explained 82.29% of the total variance with factor loadings ranged from .74 to .89. As a next step, CFA was conducted to validate the dimensions that were identified from the exploratory factor analysis and to further refine the scale. Table 1 exhibits the results of measurement model analysis and revealed a chi-square of 202.13 with degree-of-freedom of 89 (p =.002), GFI of .93, AGFI = .89, CFI of .99, NFI of .98, which indicates of the evidence of a good model fit to the data (Bagozzi and Yi, 1998; Hair et al., 1998). As table 1 shows, reliability was estimated with Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability (CR) for all multi-item scales. All the values met evidence of satisfactory reliability in multi-item measure for alpha (>.91) and CR (>.80). In addition, we tested the convergent validity of the measure using average variance extracted (AVE) by following recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The AVE values for the model constructs ranged from .74 through .85, which are higher than the threshold suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1981). To examine discriminant validity of the measure, we again followed the recommendations from Fornell and Larcker (1981). The shared variances between constructs were smaller than the AVE of the research constructs and confirm discriminant validity of the measure. The causal model testing was conducted using LISREL 8.72 with a maximum-likelihood estimation method. Table 2 shows the results of the hypotheses testing. The results for the conceptual model revealed good overall fit for the proposed model. Chi-square was 342.00 (df = 92, p =.000), NFI was .97, NNFI was .97, GFI was .89, AGFI was .83, and RMSEA was .08. All paths in the proposed model received significant statistical support except H2. The paths from arousal to pleasure (H1: ${\ss}$=.70; t = 11.44), from information relevancy to intention to use (H3 ${\ss}$ =.12; t = 2.36), from information relevancy to pleasure (H4 ${\ss}$ =.15; t = 2.86), and pleasure to intention to use (H5: ${\ss}$=.54; t = 9.05) were significant. However, the path from dominance to pleasure was not supported. This study investigated consumer intention to use a location-based mobile shopping service (LBMSS) that integrates cognitive and affective responses. Information relevancy was integrated into pleasure-arousal-dominance (PAD) emotional state model as a conceptual framework. The results of the present study support previous studies indicating that emotional responses as well as cognitive responses have a strong impact on accepting new technology. The findings of this study suggest potential marketing strategies to mobile service developers and retailers who are considering the implementation of LBMSS. It would be rewarding to develop location-based mobile services that integrate information relevancy and which cause positive emotional responses.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2008

The flow rate measurements in a multi-phase flow pipeline were evaluated quantitatively by means of a clamp-on sealed radioisotope based on a cross correlation signal processing technique. The flow rates were calculated by a determination of the transit time between two sealed gamma sources by using a cross correlation function following FFT filtering, then corrected with vapor fraction in the pipeline which was measured by the ${\gamma}$-ray attenuation method. The pipeline model was manufactured by acrylic resin(ID. 8 cm, L=3.5 m, t=10 mm), and the multi-phase flow patterns were realized by an injection of compressed $N_2$ gas. Two sealed gamma sources of $^{137}Cs$ (E=0.662 MeV, ${\Gamma}$ $factor=0.326\;R{\cdot}h^{-1}{\cdot}m^2{\cdot}Ci^{-1}$) of 20 mCi and 17 mCi, and radiation detectors of $2"{\times}2"$ NaI(Tl) scintillation counter (Eberline, SP-3) were used for this study. Under the given conditions(the distance between two sources: 4D(D; inner diameter), N/S ratio: $0.12{\sim}0.15$, sampling time ${\Delta}t$: 4msec), the measured flow rates showed the maximum. relative error of 1.7 % when compared to the real ones through the vapor content corrections($6.1\;%{\sim}9.2\;%$). From a subsequent experiment, it was proven that the closer the distance between the two sealed sources is, the more precise the measured flow rates are. Provided additional studies related to the selection of radioisotopes their activity, and an optimization of the experimental geometry are carried out, it is anticipated that a radioisotope application for flow rate measurements can be used as an important tool for monitoring multi-phase facilities belonging to petrochemical and refinery industries and contributes economically in the light of maintenance and control of them.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2019

The concept of shape similarity has been applied to verify the accuracy of the SIND model, the real-time prediction model for disaster risk. However, the CRITIC method, one of the most widely used in geometric methodology, is definitely limited to apply to complex shape such as hazard map for coastal disaster. Therefore, we suggested the modified CRITIC method of which we added the shape factors such as RCCI and TF to consider complicated shapes. The matching pairs were manually divided into exact-matching pairs and mis-matching pairs to evaluate the applicability of the new method for shape similarity into hazard maps for storm surges. And the shape similarity of each matching pair was calculated by changing the weights of each shape factor and criteria. Newly proposed methodology and the calculated weights were applied to the objects of the existent hazard map and the results from SIND model. About 90% of exact-matching pairs had the shape similarity of 0.5 or higher, and about 70% of mis-matching pairs were it below 0.5. As future works, if we would calibrate narrowly and adjust carefully multi-objects corresponding to one object, it would be expected that the shape similarity of the exact-matching pairs will increase overall while it of the mis-matching pairs will decrease.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.161-182
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• 2002

The self-employment can provide work time flexibility. Work time flexibility would be a critical factor for married females' labor supply considering allocation of their time to market work and household work. This study used the 1998 and 2000 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey for the empirical analyses. Applying the bivariate probit model with partial observability, this study analyzed factors related to the choice of participation in labor market and choice of self-employment. Also, this study examined the effects of marriage and the presence of younger children on changes in decisions related to labor supply using the multinomial logit model: exit from the labor market, increasing and decreasing work hours. The presence of the younger children showed a significantly negative effect on the participation in labor market while positive, but insignificant, effect on self-employment. Compared with females working for others, self-employers without employees and unpaid family workers are less likely to exit labor market rather than increasing work hours. The self-employment would be a good alternative to evade females' career interruption and therefore to enhance the potential human resources.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.437-449
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• 2014

In this study, we analyzed an effect of area-environmental factor on breast cancer screening rates using multi-level analysis. It was intended for the KNHANES-IV. Total subjects were 14338. Among them, 4143 subjects met the inclusion criteria. When we applied only empty Model, a variance of breast cancer screening rates was 0.061 in each region. When we applied Model with individual level variables, the variance was 0.034. However, when we applied both Model with individual level variables and Model with area level variables, the variance was 0.023. We drew applied only individual level variables parallel applied 3 regional variances which could explain variance of inspection of breast cancer up to 18.04% compared with applied only individual level variables. Area level variables could reduce a variance of region. This means besides individual level variables. The group can share a same thing and can effect to breast cancer screening rates. We need to discover factors which area level variables and suggest that make a standard for inspection of breast cancer.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-199
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• 2005

Family Restaurant is a service business of a kind. The role of service operator is to improve a sales of service goods through maximizing the service value with customer satisfaction at the moment of MOT(moment of truth). Family Restaurant come to the great growth on the face of it. In future, it will place emphasis more and more on not hardware but software including service quality. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to research the effect on service quality of the job satisfaction of Family Restaurant's service staff. Data was collected from the employee who are working at Family Restaurant located in Taegu. The empirical research has been done over 50days from 1April, 2004 to 20May, 2004. In conclusion of empirical analysis, 4 hypotheses were significant among 7 hypotheses suggested in this study. The research showed as follows : First, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on job satisfaction. Second, the personal trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Third, the official trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on job satisfaction. Fourth, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Fifth, the personal trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on service quality. Sixth, the organic trait among the effect factor of job satisfaction perceived by Family Restaurant service staff showed negative influence on service quality. Seventh, the job satisfaction of Family Restaurant service staff showed positive influence on service quality. Besides, the critical points of this study are as follows; First, we designated the subject of research to the employee of Family Restaurant only. Second, multi-situations(time, holiday) which can happen as service was offered, wasn't concerned. Third, as service quality was estimated by general service quality, the research in future should subdivide service quality more. I, finally, applied the pervious researches on job satisfaction and service quality in the employee of Family Restaurant. To extend more this research model in future, the variables like customer satisfaction should be added.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 2008

As managing customer relationship gets more important, companies are strengthening information service using multi-channels to their customers as a part of their customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives. It means companies are now accepting such information services not as simple information -delivering tools, but as strategic initiatives for acquiring and maintaining customer loyalty. In this paper, we attempt to validate whether or not such various information services would impact on organizational performance in terms of CRM strategy. More specifically, our research objective is to answer the next three questions: first, how to construct the instruments to measure not information quality but information service quality?; second, which attributes of information service quality can influence corporate image and customer loyalty?; finally, does each information service type have unique characteristics compared with others in terms of influencing corporate image and customer loyalty? With respect to providing answers to those questions, the previous studies had been limited in that those studies failed to consider the variety of types of information service or restricted the quality of information service to information quality. An appropriate research model answering the above questions should consider the fact that most companies are utilizing multi channels for their information services, and include the recent strategic information service such as customer online community. Moreover, since corporate information service could be regarded as a type of products or services delivered to customer, it is necessary to adopt the criteria for assessing customer's perceived value when to measure the quality of information service. Therefore, considering both multi-channels and multi-traits may enable us to tell the detailed causal routes showing which quality attributes of which information service would affect corporate image and customer loyalty. As information service channels, we include not only homepage and DM (direct mail), which are the most frequently applied information service channels, but also online community, which is getting more strategic importance in recent years. With respect to information service quality, we abstract information quality, convenience of information service, and timeliness of information service through a wide range of relevant literature reviews. As our dependant variables, we consider corporate image and customer loyalty that both of them are the critical determinants of organizational performance, and also attempt to grasp the relationship between the two constructs. We conducted a huge online survey at the homepage of one of representative dairy companies in Korea, and gathered 367 valid samples from 407 customers. The reliability and validity of our measurements were tested by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and principal factor analysis respectively, and seven hypotheses were tested through performing correlation test and multiple regression analysis. The results from data analysis demonstrated that timeliness and convenience of homepage have positive effects on both corporate image and customer loyalty. In terms of DM, its' information quality was represented to influence both corporate image and customer loyalty, but we found its' convenience have a positive effect only on corporate image. With respect to online community, we found its timeliness contribute significantly both to corporate image and customer loyalty. Finally, as we expected, corporate image was revealed to provide a great influence to customer loyalty. This paper provides several academic and practical implications. Firstly, we think our research reinforces CRM literatures by developing the instruments for measuring information service quality. The previous relevant studies have mainly depended on the measurements of information quality or service quality which were developed independently. Secondly, the fact that we conducted our research in a real situation may enable academics and practitioners to understand the effects of information services more clearly. Finally, since our study involved three different types of information service which are most frequently applied in recent years, the results from our study might provide operational guidelines to the companies that are delivering their customers information by multi-channel. In other words, since we found that, in terms of customer loyalty, the key areas would be different from each other according to the types of information services, our analysis would help to make decisions such as selecting strengthening points or allocating resources by information service channels.