• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.313-316
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• 2008

에어컨 시스템은 압축기(Compressor), 응축기(Condenser), 증발기(Evaporator)와 확장밸브(Expansion Valve)로 구성되며, 에어컨 시스템에서 과열도와 저압(증발기의 압력)은 시스템의 효율 증대 및 성능 개선과 안정성에 대하여 결정적인 영향을 미친다. 따라서, 과열도와 저압을 조절하기 위해, 각각의 압축기내의 인버터 주파수와 확장밸브의 개도 제어가 중요하며 선형과 비선형 시스템 모두에 대하여 견실한 성능을 나타내고, 외란에 대하여 강인한 성능을 보이는 퍼지 제어기를 설계한다. 본 논문에서는 과열도와 저압을 제어하기 위하여, 3대의 확장밸브와 1대의 압축기를 가진 에어컨 시스템에 대하여 다중 퍼지 제어기를 설계한다. 또한, 각 제어 플랜트에 대하여 최적의 퍼지 제어기를 설계하기 위하여 3가지 최적화 알고리즘을 사용한다. 즉, 직렬 유전자 알고리즘(Serial Genetic Algorithm; SGA)과 병렬 유전자 알고리즘인 계층적 공정 경쟁 유전자 알고리즘(Hierarchical Fair Competition Genetic Algorithm; HFCGA), 그리고 Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO)을 사용하여 다중 퍼지 제어기를 최적화하고 시뮬레이션의 결과를 비교한다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.1945-1950
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• 2004

In this paper, The performance of Kim-Chi refrigerator with three evaporator and one compressor was investigated in employing 55% propane and 45% isobutane (R290/R600a) refrigerant mixture as an alternative refrigerant of R134a. The drop in test was performed by varying both refrigerant charge amount and capillary tube length in order to find both the performance and reliability of a small multi-refrigeration system. As a result, Both the power consumption and COP is increased by about 15% and 10%, respectively as compared to the baseline R134a system. In addition, the propane/isobutene refrigerant mixture system took advantage of the minimization of modification and redesigning of system components because of similar thermodynamic properties with R134a such as saturation pressure, temperature, normal boiling point(NBP) characteristics

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.999-1004
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• 2004

In this study, we identify contribution of structure-borne-noise of vehicle HVAC system using Multi-Dimensional spectral analysis (MDSA) method. Firstly, to identify the applicability of MDSA method, the case of HVAC system was modeled with four input / single output system. The four inputs which is given vibration data is composed of blower, evaporator, heater and duct. The single output is noise data from driver's seat. When the blower motor is operating, we analyze the contributions of four input / single output. As a result of experiment, we identify efficiency of systems modeled with four input / single output through ordinary coherence function (OCF) and multiple coherence function (MCF).

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.557-567
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• 2016

In this study, the optimal design of heat exchangers, including the evaporator and condenser of a solar-heating ocean thermal energy conversion (SH-OTEC), is investigated. The power output of the SH-OTEC is assumed to be 100 kW, and the SH-OTEC uses the working fluid of R134a and high-performance commercial tubes. The surface heat transfer area and the pressure drop were strongly dependent on the number of tubes, as well as the number of tube passes. To solve the reciprocal tendency between the heat transfer area and pressure drop with respect to the number of tubes, as well as the number of tube passes, a genetic algorithm (GA) with two objective functions of the heat transfer area (the capital cost) and operating cost (pressure drop) was used. Optimal results delineated the feasible regions of heat transfer area and operating cost with respect to the pertinent number of tubes and tube passes. Pareto fronts of the evaporator and condenser obtained from multi-objective GA provides designers or investors with a wide range of optimal solutions so that they can select projects suitable for their financial resources. In addition, the surface heat transfer area of the condenser took up a much higher percentage of the total heat transfer area of the SH-OTEC than that of the evaporator.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.52-55
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• 2010

This study investigates the friction of the roll stands in the high performance multi- holes slate fin machine which pin is using in heat transfer of radiator, oil cooler, inter cooler, condenser and evaporator. The roll stand part is very important to maintain the high performance fin machine. This multi-holes form roll type is the first time in our country so it will be helpful to increases the export and product of heat transfer. It was include the technical of form rolling system which was self development. Then it will be improve the electric home appliances, future motor vehicle device and industrial machine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.29 no.2 s.233
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• pp.271-278
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• 2005

In this paper, the performance of Kim-chi refrigerator with three evaporator and one compressor was investigated in employing $55\%$ propane and $45\%$ isobutane (R290/R600a) refrigerant mixture as an alternative refrigerant of R134a. The drop-in test was performed by varying both refrigerant charge and capillary tube length in order to find both the performance and reliability of a small multi-refrigeration system. Results show that the power consumption is decreased by about $15\%$ and COP is increased by about $10\%$, respectively as compared to the baseline system using R-134a. In addition, the propane/isobutane refrigerant mixture system took advantage of the minimization of modification and redesigning of system components because thermodynamic properties such as saturation pressure, temperature, normal boiling point(NBP) characteristics are similar to those of R134a. The reduction of sales cost is caused by the decrease of refrigerant cost per unit mass and refrigerant charge amount necessary for the refrigeration system.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.527-535
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to investigate the daily heating performance of ground source multi-heat pump system with vertical single U-tube type GLHXs, which were installed in a school building located in Cheonan. Daily average COP of heat pump unit on Jan. 12th, 2009 at heating mode was lower than it on Nov. 10th, 2008 and Dec. 15th, 2008, because of lower EWT of the outdoor heat exchanger and relatively smaller size of condenser and evaporator. But, the system COP on the former was higher than it on the latter because ground loop circulating pump was operated in rated speed. It is suggested that the new algorithms to control the flow rate of secondary fluid for GLHX according to load change have to be developed in order to enhance the performance of the system COP.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• v.13 no.spc1
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• pp.128-131
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• 2012

The selective area growth light emitting diode on GaN substrate was grown using mixed-source HVPE method with multi-sliding boat system. The GaN substrate was grown using mixed-source HVPE system. Te-doped AlGaN/AlGaN/Mg-doped AlGaN/Mg-doped GaN multi-layers were grown on the GaN substrate. The appearance of epi-layers and the thickness of the DH was evaluated by SEM measurement. The DH metallization was performed by e-beam evaporator. n-type metal and p-type metal were evaporated Ti/Al and Ni/Au, respectively. At the I-V measurement, the turn-on voltage is 3 V and the differential resistance is 13 Ω. It was found that the SAG-LED grown on GaN substrate using mixed-source HVPE method with multi-sliding boat system could be applied for developing high quality LEDs.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.439-444
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• 2008

The heat capacity and pressure drop of $CO_2$ and coolant in a multi-tube type gas cooler were investigated experimentally. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a $CO_2$ compressor, a mass flow meter, an evaporator and a multi-tube type gas cooler as a test section. The mass flowrate of $CO_2$ and coolant were varied from 0.06 to 0.075 [kg/s], respectively and the cooling pressure of gas cooler were from 8 to 10 [MPa]. The heat capacity of $CO_2$ in the test section is increased with the increment in mass flowrate of coolant, the cooling pressure and mass flowrate of $CO_2$. The pressure drop of $CO_2$ is decreased with the decrease in mass flowrate of coolant and $CO_2$, but decreased with increase in cooling pressure of $CO_2$. The heat capacity of $CO_2$ per unit heat transfer area of gas cooler is greatly high. Therefore, in case of the application of $CO_2$ at the multi-tube type gas cooler, it is expected to carry out the high-efficiency, high-performance and compactness of gas cooler.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.433-438
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• 2005

An AHX(Accumulator Heat eXchanger) consists of a commercial accumulator and an inner heat exchanger located inside of the accumulator. The AHX is used in multi air-conditioners to assure the liquid-phase refrigerant entering into the expansion device. This purpose is achieved by heat transfer between the refrigerant leaving the evaporator and the refrigerant leaving the condenser. In this study, the effects of AHX on the performance of a refrigeration system using H-22 were measured and the test results were analyzed. The operating characteristics of the refrigeration system with the installation of AHX were quite different from those without the installation of AHX. Therefore, it is required to find an optimum refrigerant charging amount and optimum operating conditions, when AHX is installed in the refrigeration system with an fixed area expansion device such as a capillary tube.