• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2015

Background: The aim of the study was to determine whether the expression of baseline phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) levels were prognostic in terms of stage and overall survival (OS) in newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 130 patients were selected at the time of diagnosis oflung cancer (100 with NSCLC and 30 with SCLC), before the initialization of any chemo-radiotherapy. The median age was 67 (range 29-92). IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IV stages were present in 3, 4, 19, 6, 25, 8, and 65 patients, respectively. After centrifugation, the levels of serum P and Mg were measured using the nephelometric method/ photometry and evaluated before any type of treatment. Results: Higher than normal levels of P were found in 127/130 patients, while only four patients had elevated Mg serum values. In terms of Spearman test, higher P serum values correlated with either stage (rho=- 0.334, p<0.001) or OS (rho=-0.212, p=0.016). Additionally, a significant negative correlation of Mg serum levels was found with stage of disease (rho=-0.135, P=0.042). On multivariate cox-regression survival analysis, only stage (p<0.01), performance status (p<0.01) and P serum (p=0.045) showed a significant prognostic value. Conclusions: Our study indicated that pre-treatment P serum levels in lung cancer patients are higher than the normal range. Moreover, P and Mg serum levels are predictive of stage of disease. Along with stage and performance status, the P serum levels had also a significant impact on survival. This information may be important for stratifying patients to specific treatment protocols or intensifying their therapies. However, larger series are now needed to confirm our results.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.2369-2378
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• 2012

Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate intake of health foods and supplements and its associated factors in middle and old-aged adults in order to contribute to health promotion of Korean population by providing a guide for proper use of health foods and supplements. About 69% of the subjects reported that they were currently taking health foods and supplements or had experiences of having them in the past, whereas 31.2 % reported they had never taken them. The most commonly used type of health foods and supplements was vitamin C as reported by 41.8% followed by others such as lactobacillus products, multi-vitamins, tonic medicine and cardiotonic drug, artificially processed Ginseng foods, vitamin B complex, enzyme supplement, calcium, aloe, apricot extract products, chitosan products, loyal honey, squalene, refined fish oil and iron products. The major reason for taking health foods and supplements was 'to protect the weak constitution' with 155 (42.1%) responses, and the motive for the intake was the suggestion from family-relatives with 235 (63.9%) responses, and the place of purchase was pharmacy with 140 (38.0%) responses, the average monthly expense was 20,000-40,000 won with 140 (26.2%) responses, and effects after the intake was 'so and so' with 180 (33.6%) responses as the highest. More health foods and supplements were consumed as age and education were statistically significantly increased (p<0.05). For health and lifestyle and the intake of health foods and supplements, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and the presence of health management were statistically significant (p<0.05). Male subjects than female subjects and the 30s than the 405 and 50s were appeared to have poorer dietary behaviors (p<0.05). For the health locus of control and the intake of health foods and supplements, the health locus of control score was 22.82 for consumers and 22.79 for non-consumers, showing no significant difference. Logistic regression analysis was performed to find out major factors that affect the intake of health foods and supplements, in which gender, education, smoking, perceived health status, the presence of illness, and health management were significant to the intake of health foods and supplements. It is shown that subjects with perception and attitude of 'health foods and supplements are useful in health maintenance and disease prevention' and 'the information and variety for health foods and supplements are great' have higher probability of taking health foods and supplements.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2004

우주망원경용 비구면 반사경 가공 공정은 고정입자 연삭, 자유입자 래핑, 연마의 순서를 따른다. 숙련공에 의한 경험적 공정조절에 의해 목표 비구면을 가공하는 전통적 연삭 공정에서는 수 ${mu}m$ 높이의 표면 밑 손상을 남기며 뒤이은 자유입자 래핑 및 연마 공정에서 이를 제거하며 가공한다. 본 연구는 컴퓨터 수치 제어 연삭 공정진화 모델을 개발하여, 연삭가공을 통해 반사경 표면조도 최소 40nm이하, 가공 예측정확도 20nm급을 이루었다. 구체적인 방법론으로 초정밀가공기의 연삭모듈을 이용하여 연삭 휠 입자의 크기, 이송속도, 공작물 회전선속도 등 연삭 변수를 변화시키며 직경 20, 100mm Zerodur 소재를 초기 연삭하였다. 초기 연삭 변수와 측정된 표면조도와의 관계를 경험적 해석과 다 변수 회귀분석 해석 방법을 통하여 공정조절용 수치 연삭 모델을 구성하였다. 정량적 공정제어는 입력된 연삭변수들로부터 가공 후 표면조도를 예측하고, 측정된 표면조도를 이용하여 수치연삭 모델을 개량한 후 다음 가공에서 측정될 표면조도를 예측하는 순으로 만복 진행되었다. 본 연구에서는 CNC 연삭공정조절로부터 최소 평균 표면조도 36nm, 예측정확도 ${pm}20nm$를 얻었다. 이 연구결과는 정량적 연삭공정제어 모델을 사용하여 자유입자 래핑 공정을 수행할 필요 없이 연삭에서 직접 연마 공정으로 진행할 수 있는 획기적인 공정 효율 향상을 의미한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.1728-1736
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 개심술 후 급성 신부전 발생 빈도와 급성 신부전 발생의 예측요인을 분석하기 위함이다. 2008년 1월에서 2011년 12월까지 A 대학병원에서 개심술을 시행한 483명을 대상으로 전자의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하여 복막투석, 혈액투석, 지속적신대체요법을 사용한 급성 신부전 발생군(n=59)과 신대체 요법을 시행하지 않은 대조군(n=424)으로 분류하였다. 연구결과 개심술 후 급성 신부전 발생률은 12.2%로 나타났다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 수술 전 위험요소로는 크레아티닌(OR 3.92, p=<.001), 고령(OR 2.142, p=.015), 여자(OR 2.165, p=.015), 고혈압(OR 2.513, p=.005), NYHA(New York Heart Association) class II(OR 3.081, p=.003), NYHA class III(OR 6.759, p=.004)이었으며, 수술 중 위험요소로는 수혈량(OR 3.753, p=<.001), 수술 후 위험요소로는 빌리루빈(OR 4.541, p=.028), 크레아티닌(OR 8.554, p=.003), 심박출량(OR 0.214, p=.033)이 의미 있는 예측인자로 확인되었다. 심장수술 후 급성 신부전 발생은 합병증과 사망률을 증가시키는 원인이 되므로 조기에 위험인자를 발견하여 예방하는 것이 중요하다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of values on major satisfaction in dental hygiene students. Methods: The subjects were 214 dental hygiene students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do who filled out the self-reported questionnaire after receiving informed consents from January 20 to February 15, 2014. Except incomplete answers, 187 data were analyzed using PASW Statistics 18.0 for Scheffe post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, hierarchical regression analysis, independent sample t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects and values. General characteristics consisted of gender, age, grade, school record, major choice motivation, and the influencing person to choose the major. The instrument for values was modified from Shin based on MILOV(Multi-Item Measures Of Values) and two professors of dental hygiene verified the validity of the instrument. Instrument for values consisted of 7 questions of values for self-respect, 6 questions of relation oriented values, 5 questions of emotion oriented values, and 5 questions of values for others measured by Likert 5 scale. Cronbach's alpha was 0.769 in the study. The instrument for major satisfaction was modified from Na based on Program Evaluation Survey of Illinois University and two professors of dental hygiene verified the validity of the instrument. Major satisfaction consisted of 7 questions of general satisfaction, 5 questions of consciousness satisfaction, 5 questions of curriculum satisfaction and 3 questions of relation satisfaction measured by Likert 5 scale and Cronbach's alpha was 0.887 in the study. Results: Values of self-respect, relationship orientation and grade had significant influence on general satisfaction, while values of self-respect, relationship orientation and gender had significant influence on consciousness satisfaction. Values of relationship orientation, grade and school record had significant influence on curriculum satisfaction. Grade showed significant influence on relationship satisfaction. Conclusions: Values of self-respect and relationship orientation are the most important factors in dental hygiene students. The guidance for professional career and major satisfaction can be accomplished through the values of self-respect and relationship orientation.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 성인의 정신건강과 주관적 구강건강과의 관련성을 알아보고자 제5기(2012년) 국민건강영양조사를 이용하여 19세 이상 55세 이하의 성인 3,591명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 정신건강에 따른 주관적 구강건강의 위험도와 95% 신뢰구간은 다변량로지스틱회귀분석을 통해 산출하였으며, 주요결과는 다음과 같다. 본인인지 구강건강상태에서는 스트레스를 많이 받는 경우(OR=1.62; 95% CI=1.36-1.95), 치통경험에서는 2주 이상 연속 우울감이 있는 경우(OR=1.40; 95% CI=1.06-1.85), 저작불편호소경험에서는 정신문제상담 경험이 있는 경우(OR=2.31; 95% CI=1.28-4.18), 악관절 증상경험에서는 2주 이상 연속 우울감이 있는 경우(OR=1.83; 95% CI=1.39-2.42), 말하기 문제의 경우 정신문제 상담을 받은 경우(OR=4.80; 95% CI=2.10-10.94)에서 위험도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 스트레스인지, 우울증상 경험, 정신문제 상담경험이 주관적 구강건강과 관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성인의 정신건강을 고려한 구강건강 증진 프로그램을 개발한다면 두 가지 영역에 융합적으로 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.116-133
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• 2002

Background : It is very common in Korea to take care of non-acute patients in an acute setting, due to the lack of long-term facilities. Long term hospitalization increase medical expenses and decreases the bed utilization, which can affect the urgent and emergent admissions, and eventually jeopardize the hospital financially. In this study, strategies for effective transfers to the lower levels of care, and to decrease the length of stay were presented by surveying and analyzing the patient's knowledge of the transfer needs, and the willingness to transfer those whose hospital length of stay was more than 30days. Method : The survey is subject to a group of 251 patients who have been hospitalized over 30 days in a general hospital in Seoul. Excluding those that were in the Intensive Care Unit and psychiatric ward, 214 in-patients were used as participants. They were surveyed from April 9, 2002 to April 17, 2002. One hundred and thirty seven out of 214 were responded which made the response rate 64%. Data were analyzed by SAS and SPSS. Result : Multi-variable Logistic Regression Analysis showed a significant effect in medical expenses, knowledge of referral system and the information of the receiving hospital. The financial burden in medical expenses made the patient 10.7 times more willing to be transferred, knowledge of the referral system made them 5 times more willing to be transferred, and the information of receiving hospital makes 6.5 times more willing to be transferred. Reasons for willing to be transferred to a lower level of care were the phase of physical therapy, the distance from home, the attending physician's advice and being unable to be treated as an out patient. Reasons for refusing to be transferred were the following. The attending physician's competency, not being ready to be discharged, not trusting the receiving hospital's competency due to the lack of information, or never hearing about the referring system by the attending physician. Conclusion : Based on this, strategies for the effective transfer to the lower levels of care were suggested. It is desirable for the attending physician to be actively involved by making an effort to explain the transfer need, and referring to the Healthcare Coordinating Center, which can help the patient make the right decision. Nationwide networking for the referral system is the another key factor that may need to be suggested as an alternative to decrease the medical expenses. Collaborating with the Home Health Agency for the early discharge planning and the Social Service Department for financial aid are also needed. It is recommended that the hospital should expedite the transfer process by prioritizing the cost and the information as medical expenses, knowledge of referring system and the information of the receiving hospital, are the most important factors to the willingness to transfer to a lower level of care.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.935-946
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 한국고용정보원에서 실시한 "2013 고졸자 취업진로조사" 자료를 활용하여 특성화고 졸업자의 임금결정요인을 분석하였다. 그런데 임금은 개인수준의 인적특성 (1-수준)과 취업지역 수준의 산업특성 (2-수준)에 의해 영향을 받는 다층구조를 가지게 된다. 이와 같이 다층구조 자료특성을 가지는 복수의 분석단위 구조가 되면, 전통적인 회귀분석과 같이 개인수준의 임금이 독립이라는 가정을 할 수 없게 된다. 따라서 개인수준의 임금에 영향을 미치는 다층구조의 특성을 가진 변수들의 영향력을 분석하기 위한 타당한 방법으로 위계적 선형모형을 이용하였다. 그리고 전통적인 회귀분석과 위계적 선형모형의 비교를 통하여 다음과 같은 주요 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 다층구조를 갖는 위계적 선형모형이 전통적인 회귀모형보다 통계적으로 유의함을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 2-수준의 총근로시간과 상용직의 평균임금이 개인수준의 임금에 통계적으로 유의하게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마이스터고 졸업생이 그렇지 않은 졸업생에 비해서, 부모의 소득이 높을수록 통계적으로 유의하게 개인수준의 임금이 높아짐을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 부모의 교육수준이 높을수록, 학점이 높을수록, 학교 만족도가 높고 자격증 수가 많을수록 임금이 높아짐을 알 수 있다. 마지막으로 2-수준의 산업특성을 고려한 랜덤효과가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.47-67
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• 2007

This paper aims at suggesting several ways lo change financial vulnerability and to improve managerial capability of local public hospitals (LPHs) in Korea through the identification of factors affecting profitability. Several findings of the research are as follows: To begin with, LPHs exhibited a statistically significant difference in their profitability from one another, according to tile analyses of their profitable margins from tile general characteristics. It depends on the number of hospitals in the area, the population of the hospital-built area, the number of competing hospitals, the number of staff per 100 beds, the opening of special clinic, the educational function, and the capacity of rooms. However, there was no variable in the managerial characteristics, presenting a significant difference, in contrast with hospitals which have been managed by private companies and made a great amount of profits. Second, according to the analyses of profit differences in behavioral effort-characteristics, a statistically significant difference was revealed upon the basis of the efforts to improve the clinic service, invite special patients, and shorten the period of being hospitalized. Third, the result of analyses about the difference of profitability from medical care and finance is statistically significant in the rate of labor cost, the rate of management cost, bed-occupancy rate, and the period of being hospitalized. Fourth, according to the analyses of the factors influencing the net profit ratio of the entire capital, Adjusted explanatory power(Adjusted $R^2$) was shown up to 65.2%, which is high. To compare the adjusted explanatory power stage by stage, the first stage model applying only two variables such as structural and strategic characteristics exhibited 23.8%, and the second stage model adding financial characteristics showed 51.5%. The explanatory power was much improved up to 65.2% when the third stage model incorporated the outcome of medical care performance. When the return on investment(ROI) was examined by using the multi-variate linear regression analysis at the final model of third stage, it was found that ROI had a positive relationship with the increase rate of patients, labor costs per doctor, and medical care rate of socially protected inpatients. However, it revealed that ROI had a negative relationship with the ratio of labor costs, the number of patients per managerial staff, and occupancy rate of rooms, respectively. The research suggests that in order for LPHs to increase profitability, LPH, should make efforts not only to attract patients to the hospitals without any discrimination of the patients depending on their financial status, but also to develop efficient management methods to reduce labor costs.