• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2004

The current study was performed to clarify the pupation disorder symptoms in silkworm which herbicide, molinate has been regarded as a causal origin. Molinate residues in mulberry leaves was monitored in major rearing area of silkworm; Yeacheon, Sangju and Namwon. Detected range of the molinate in mulberry leaves was 0.002 to 0.013 mg/kg and detection frequency was 30.0 to 81.8%. Molinate concentration in the air of mulberry tree growing area was $0.004\;{\mu}g/m^3$. Water diluted solution of molinate at the concentration of 1, 10, 100 mg/l gave no abnormal symptoms in silkworm irrespective of spraying to silkworm or spiking to diet. Exposing the silkworm to the air containing 250, 2,500, and $10,000\;{\mu}g/m^3$ also revealed no abnormal symptom. These results illustrated that the abnormal growth of silkworm encountered in the field was not caused by pesticide contamination.

• Laboraroty Animal Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.288-294
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• 2018

A few clues about correlation between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mulberry (Morus alba) leaves were investigated in only the experimental autoimmune myocarditis and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. To investigate whether a novel extract of mulberry leaves fermented with Cordyceps militaris (EMfC) could suppress ER in fatty liver, alterations in the key parameters for ER stress response were measured in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57L/6 mice treated with EMfC for 12 weeks. The area of adipocytes in the liver section were significantly decreased in the HFD+EMfC treated group as compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group, while their level was higher in HFD+Vehicle treated group than No treated group. The level of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha ($eIF2{\alpha}$) and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 beta ($IRE1{\alpha}$) phosphorylation and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) expression were remarkably enhanced in the HFD+Vehicle treated group. However, their levels were restored in the HFD+EMfC treated group, although some differences were detected in the decrease rate. Similar recovery was observed on the ER stress-induced apoptosis. The level of Caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were decreased in the HFD+EMfC and HFD+orlistat (OT) treated group compared to the HFD+Vehicle treated group. The results of the present study therefore provide first evidence that EMfC with the anti-obesity effects can be suppressed ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis in the hepatic steatosis of HFD-induced obesity model.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.135-139
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• 1971

It is very important to make mounting numerous silkworms by their normal growth when considering the sericultural management. There were several studies on the utilization of repellent to the matured silkworms to mounting, studies concerning forcing maturity of silkworms were developed considerably after studies on the insect ecdysis hormone. Commercial named MSH(II) (Inoksterone) similar substance of ecdysterone and DAT repellent (Dodesil alcohl) were used for this study, and the results can be summarized as follows; 1. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves shown the matured effect on the growth of silkworms and increased amount of MSH (II) shortened the last stage in their growth. 2. MSH (II) mixed with the mulberry leaves when 5% of early matured silkworms appeared were most effective. 3. DAT was hastened their mounting. 4. Utilization of MSH (II) and DAT together were hastened silkworms mounting and those chemicals can be used practically in the silkworm rearing.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.6
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• pp.49-52
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• 1966

It has been reported that the effect of royal jelly on silkworms can be markedly resulted from feeding on royal jelly throughout all the instars. In 1965, I began the experiment in order to know whether it has a practical for rearing, only through feeding silkworms at 1st to 2nd instar, when a comparative little amount of mulberry leaves and labor is needed for rearing. In the method of my experiment, mulberry leaves with different concentration of royal jelly added, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%. respectively, are feeded on silkworms of Sulack ${\times}$ Soyang at 1st and 2nd instar in spring in 1965. However, in the result of the experiment there is not any effect on the survival. the growth speed, the body weight, of the larvae, and the weight of cocoon layer, the cocoon layer ratio, and number of silkworm eggs laid.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1962

This treatise is to analyze the chemical components in the mulberry varieties which are cultured in Korea and to estimate the nutritive values for them. Some of these varieties were developed lately in this country just by the general breeding aspect of mulberry leaf producing and silkworm raising experimentation without analysing the nutritive values of them which may be differed by various culturing condition. This work will be helpful for the improvement of mulberry varieties and the correct judgement of them. The varieties used for the analysis are as followings; A. Morus bombycis Koridz species. 1.Ichi-Hei. 2. Shimano-Uchi B. Morus alba L. species. 3. Kairyo-Nezumigaeshi. 4. Suwon-Daeyop. 5. Suwon No. 3. 6. Suwon No. 4. 7. Yongchon-Chuwoo. C. Morus Ihou (Ser.) Koidz species. 8. Ro-Soh. The specimens were eventually taken under the air and soil dry season because of the rain shortage during the sampling period and the results are found as a rather different from the normal specimen under the normal climate. Therefore, this treatise will be an important report on a special culturing condition and the nutritive values by the mulberry varieties, and still comparable because they were grown under the same condition. The individual conclusions are; 1. Yongchon-Chuwoo which was originated in this country, was found as an important variety for this country from the aspect of mulberry nutritive value and leaf producing amount, and it is believed that this is the best suitable variety for the soil of Korea. 2. Ichi-Hei occupies the better situation as well as Yongchon-Chuwoo from the nutritive criticizing even though it was originated in Japan. 3. The lately developed Suwon No.3 and No.4 are best from the leaf producing point of view, but they are not found such a good varieties from the nutritive aspect. The result may be happened as poor because they were cut before spring sprout started. 4. Ro-Soh which was normally recognized as a poor variety, was also found as a poor nutritive and leaf producing variety. 5. The crude protein and crude fat components in the mulberry leaves decreased as the leaf maturity was progressed, but the crude fiber and crude ash components increased reversively in general view. It was also found that there were some specific changing nature by the mulberry varieties and could not rule them by just one conclusion. 6. During the air and soil dry season, the ash component increases but the hydrocarbon and moisture contents decrease considerably, and which resulted to the increase of mulberry hardness ratio and the decrease of sugar-protein ratio, eventually it causes the decrease of the nutritive value. It was also found that Ichi-Hei, Ro-Soh, and Suwon No. 3 had a strong recovering nature to their normal nutritive condition after raining. 7. Mulberry is of course a rich calorie diet, and is calculated as 50 to 60 Cal. per gram.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.8-12
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• 1981

Practical application of silkworm artificial diet is very desirable to save labour in sericultural industry as the problem of labour shortage is becoming serious in Korea. However, silkworms reared on the artificial diet are more susceptible to viruses than those reared on mulberry leaves because of the lower anti-viral activity of gut juice of silkworms grown on artificial diet compared with that of silkworms grown on mulberry leaves. In this study, authors investigated the varietal difference of silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori L., reared on artificial diet which contained 20 percent of dried mulberry powder, in the susceptibility to nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). The results showed that there is no difference in susceptibility to NPV among tested varieties when high concentration of NPV was admitted to silkworm larvae, but varietal difference appeared in lower concentration admitted. Among 7 hybrids tested, Hansaeng 1${\times}$Hansaeng 2 was most resistant to NPV with an $LC_{50}$ of 2.7${\times}$10$\^$6/ and Jam 111${\times}$Jam 112 was also more resistant comparatively than other hybrids.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1025-1035
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• 2017

In this study, the hot water extract from Mulberry (Morus alba) Leaves fermented with Hericium erinaceum mycelium (MA-HE) was assessed for antioxidant activity. Radical scavenging activity of MA-HE evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS) radical. MA-HE showed 63% DPPH radical scavenging activity at $500{\mu}g/mL$ and 98.27% ABTS radical scavenging activity at $250{\mu}g/mL$. MA-HE was shown to significantly inhibited DNA strand breakage induced by free radical. MA-HE also inhibited free radical-mediated human serum albumin modification. MA-HE effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$ induced cell death and significantly increased of the 8% cell survival at $100{\mu}g/mL$. MA-HE decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in $H_2O_2$-treated cells. The results suggested that MA-HE can contribute to antioxidant and protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cell injury.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2023

This paper is about the development results of an automatic silkworm breeding system to reduce labor and time by automatically performing the works for silkworm droppings changing and feed its food. It consists of an automatic guided vehicle and a processing unit. The automatic guided vehicle transports a silkworm dropping changing frame mounted on a silkworm tray stand, and the processing unit takes over the dropping changing frame on it, removes excrement contained the droppings changing frame and feeds silkworm food. In the case of the current silkworm farming, because the breeding period for large silkworms (4 to 5 stage) is short to 14 days and the supply of mulberry leaves takes 98% of the total amount of mulberry leaves needed for breeding silkworms at this time, labor concentration is intensive, and all breeding works depends on manpower. Therefore, it was difficult to breed large silkworms on a large scale. Moreover, silkworms are bred by adding Silkworm bed (Seop) and mulberry in the silkworm tray, and their droppings changing is to separate silkworms and excrement by moving silkworm trays one by one, and the production cost increases due to the high-cost manpower for silkworm breeding. To solve this problem, technology for automating silkworm breeding has also been developed. However, there is still a limitation that silkworm feeding and droppings changing works are not suitable for mass breeding because a lot of labor and time are spent depending on manual work. Therefore, a new silkworm breeding system for breeding silkworm automatically is needed and so we developed an Automatic Silkworm Breeding System applying the droppings change frame, the inverting unit, the feeding silkworm food device and automatic guided vehicle.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.195-201
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• 2013

In atherosclerosis, blood vessels become sensitive to vessel-constricting agents leading to reduced control in the event of abrupt blood pressure changes. Mulberry trees (Morus alba L., MA) have been claimed to contain various bioactive principles that could possibly prevent atherosclerosis development caused by high cholesterol consumption. In order to examine whether MA feeding can prevent the sensitization of blood vessels, MA leaves were fed to rats for 8 weeks and pressor responses to vasoconstricting agents were assessed. Animals were pithed before blood pressure assessments to eliminate reflex compensation in vessel responses. Feeding diets containing high levels of cholesterol led to potentiated pressor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, or to injection of norepinephrine, phenylephrine, angiotensin II and vasopressin in pithed rats. These potentiated pressor responses were prevented in rats fed MA leaf-containing diets at 2 or 10% levels. It was also examined in anesthetized non-pithed rats whether similar cholestrol-related sensitization and MA prevention could be observed. However, high cholesterol-induced sensitization in pressor responses were not observed, suggesting that destruction of central cardiovascular control by pithing must have revealed the sensitization responses. It was concluded that MA leaves seem to be active in preventing abnormal blood vessel reactivity caused by hypercholesterolemia.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2014

We analyzed rutin content using mulberry genetic resources. They were grown under the same environment and conditions. Mulberry leaves were collected and then freeze-dried and powdered for rutin test. As a result, mean content of mulberry strains was $0.38{\pm}0.17%$, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 45.7%. The variation was greatly severe. Among the tested strains, 'Jangloe' was showed the highest content of 0.97%, whereas 'Sungsu 3' was showed the lowest content of 0.01% respectively. Finally we selected rutin high-containing 6 strains. They are as follows. 'Jangloe', 'Pumbo 6', 'Youjin', 'Kaeryangjeonjeon', 'Baekhak', and 'Pumbo 32' which are more than twice of the overall average content.