• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1997

Malignant melanoma has a very poor prognosis compared to other cancers. There are no specific tumor markers other than clinical staging and depth of invasion to predict the prognosis of the malignant melanoma. The nm23 has been known to inhibit the metastasis of the malignant melanoma, some studies showed that it is highly expressed in the malignant melanoma cell line which has a relatively weak metastatic potential. In this study, we compared the expression of nm23 in mucosal type with that in cutaneous type of the malignant melanoma in the head and neck according to the stage and survival rate to identify the role of nm23 expression as a prognostic factor in mucosal melanoma of the head and neck. Six out of eight cases in mucosal type and seven out of 11 cases in cutaneous type expressed nm23, which showed no significant differences. Between the two groups there were no significant differences in expression of nm23 according to clinicopathologic staging or two year survival rate. However, in cases with low cliniopathological staging and those surviving more than two years the expression was significantly increased which suggests that expression of nm23 can be used as an aid in determining the prognosis of mucosal melanoma.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.132-136
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• 2020

Oral mucosal melanoma is a very rare type of malignant melanoma, the characteristics of which differ from those of cutaneous melanoma. Primary amelanotic melanoma of the mandibular gingiva, which can invade the mandibular bone, is very rare worldwide. Here, we report a case in which we performed a reconstruction of the mandible and gingiva using the fibula osteocutaneous free flap procedure to treat a patient diagnosed with a primary amelanotic melanoma of the mandibular gingiva. The procedure was successful, and no recurrence was observed 10 months after surgery. Oral mucosal melanoma has a much poorer prognosis and a lower 5-year survival rate than cutaneous melanoma. However, recently, immunomodulatory therapies for mutations in melanocytic lesions have been used effectively to treat the increasing number of patients developing this type of melanoma, thus improving the prognosis of patients with oral mucosal melanoma.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2018

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) in the maxillary sinus is a rare disease condition. Compared to oral mucosal melanoma, SNMM has a bulky, exophytic, and polypoid appearance, is weakly pigmented, and associated with unspecific symptoms. Due to these features, SNMM in the maxillary sinus has been misdiagnosed as nasal polyps and chronic sinusitis. In this case report, we described SNMM occurring in the right maxillary sinus simulated as a cystic or benign lesion. Cortical bone thinning and expansion were observed around the mass. The excised soft mass was encapsulated and weakly pigmented. The mass was clearly excised and covered with a pedicled buccal fat pad graft. Diagnosis using immunohistochemistry with S-100 and homatropine methylbromide-45 (HMB-45) is critical for proper treatment.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.188-192
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• 1996

The biological behavior of mucosal melanoma is aggressive with frequent local recurrence and distant metastasis owing to the abundantly surrounding blood vessels and lymphatics adding to the fact that diagnosis is frequently delayed due to non-specific clinical outcome. The management for mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is controversial in view of the poor prognosis. Ten cases treated over the past 10 years are reported. The average age of the patients was 54.4 years. Seven cases were localized in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses and three cases in the oral cavity and nasopharynx. Eight patients had local tumors, one had regional lymph node metastases and one hed lung metastases. Six patients underwent surgical resection, with postoperative radiotherapy in five patients, three patients received radiotherapy and one patient received combination therapy. Recurrence occured in 80% of the patients and the median time to recurrence was 10.5months. The median survival for those who received surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy was 20.8 months and 14.7 months in the radiation therapy only treated group. The author's conclusion is that mucosal melanoma is a highly aggressive disease of the upper respiratory tract in which the best treatment modality is wide surgical resection followed by postoperative radiation therapy.

• Obstetrics & gynecology science
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.698-701
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• 2018

We report a rare case of vaginal amelanotic melanoma. Malignant melanomas are cutaneous and extracutaneous tumors that arise from embryological remnants of neural crest cells/melanocytes. Amelanotic melanomas at such rare locations can be misdiagnosed both clinically and radiologically. Therefore, histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry are mandatory for the diagnosis of these tumors. We diagnosed this case using histopathology and confirmed the diagnosis based on the presence of immunohistochemical markers human melanoma black 45 (HMB45) and S-100.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.220-223
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• 2000

Mucosal melanoma of the head and neck is a rare and usually lethal disease. Primary laryngeal malignant melanoma(LMM) are exceedingly rare tumors that morphologically are readily confused with more common types of laryngeal cancer. Treatment of choice for LMM is complete surgical excision and elective lymph node dissection is usually not recommended. The use of radiation or chemotherapy is generally thought to have no effect on local or distant disease and currently used as adjuvant therapy. The prognosis is extremely poor. We have experienced a 61 year old male patient with symptoms of foreign body and lump sense in throat. A dark pigmented polypoid mass was found on the right aryepiglottic folds with normal mobility of vocal cord. Total laryngectomy was performed under the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Bone scan revealed multiple bony metastasis on ribs and lumbar vertebrae after 5 months of operation. There have been no evidence of recurrence at primary area. The patient died after 8 months of operation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2021

Objectives: We aimed to collect and report data from all patients who have been diagnosed with mucosal malignant melanoma to obtain the epidemiology and principles of current treatments. Materials and Methods: Between January 2008 and December 2018, 20 patients underwent surgery or follow-up observations at Yonsei University Dental Hospital. The patients' clinical information was reviewed retrospectively. Results: Seventeen of 20 patients had undergone definitive surgery, while only 6 patients received adjuvant radiotherapy or systemic therapy. Eight of 20 patients, including those that had recurrent lesions, were provided immunotherapy. The 3-year survival for all stages was 50%, with a local recurrence rate of 75% and a metastasis rate of 65%. Conclusion: The overall survival of patients receiving surgical treatment was longer than that of patients who did not undergo surgical resection. Eight of 20 patients received immunotherapy as the first-line regimen at our clinic, and those patients exhibited longer overall survival compared to patients in reported keynote studies.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 1998

Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare, accounting for 1 to $8\%$ of all malignant melanomas. The overall prognosis remains poor despite the available treatments such as radical surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy due to failure in early detection and tendency in early metastasis. The etiology of mucosal malignant melanoma remains unkown. However, there are few cases of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity reported in the literature, which might be related to preexisting melanosis and radiation treatment. A case with malignant melanoma developed on the same site after 6 years following irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is reported in this article.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 1988

The primary malignat melanoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is extemely rare and accounts for only between 0.6 and 2.5% of the total 'number of malignat melanoma at all sites. In the nose, the left side is involved in 60% of cases and the most frequent site is the septum followed by the inferior and middle turbinates. In the sinuses, the maxillary sinus is the site of origin in 80% of cases, followed by ethmoid sinus. The tumors are sessile or polypoid, with variable color such as pink. white, brown or black. Of all tumors, 10~30% are amelanotic, requiring special stains for melanin. When primary site of melanoma is mucosal origin. treatment of primary lesion is often hampered by anatomic retrictions and large size, which results from the delayed diagnosis caused by their location. We report 4 cases of primary malignant melanoma of nasal cavity with review of literature.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.347-355
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• 1993

In the pigmented tumors, the diagnosis of malignant melanoma is not alway easy. Primary mucosal melanoma arising in the nose and paranasal sinuses is a rare disease with a generally poor prognosis. Melanoma in these area is frequently silent at the onset and produces insufficient symptoms to force the patient to the physician in the early stages of the disease. The importance of early recognition of melanoma by the physician is emphasized. We have an experience a case of primary malignant melanoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses in a 36-year-old female and present this case with a brief review of literatures.