• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권26호
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2012

애니메이션의 목적은 움직임을 통해 재미있는 스토리를 관객에게 전달하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 애니메이션은 탄생 이후 지금까지 100여년 이상의 시간동안 수많은 기술들을 도입하면서 다양한 내러티브 방법과 시각 표현 방법을 개발해 왔다. 또한 표현 기술력이 발달하면서 애니메이션을 구성하는 모든 요소들도 점점 체계화되어 왔고, 동시에 현실 그 이상의 세계를 표현할 수 있도록 해 주었다. 말 그대로 애니메이션을 제작하는 감독이 상상하는 모든 것들을 스크린을 통해 관객이 눈으로 볼 수 있는 시대가 된 것이다. 그리고 현재에는 애니메이션을 관람하는 관객이 마냥 프레임 안에서 움직이는 그림에 의해 즐거움을 느끼게 되는 시대를 넘어서도록 많은 노력이 이루어지고 있다. 즉, 수동적으로 바라보는 애니메이션을 넘어 관객이 직접 느끼며, 체감하는 애니메이션으로 목적성이 변화하고 있다는 것이다. 이런 과정에서 그 중심에 3D 입체라는 기술이 애니메이션의 새로운 즐거움을 표현할 수 있도록 해주고 있다. 얼마 전, 국내에서도 극장용 3D 입체 애니메이션이 제작되었으나, 해외의 3D 입체 애니메이션과 같은 완성도 높은 영상미를 기대했던 관객에게 새로운 즐거움을 주지 못해 흥행 면에서 이렇다 할 성적을 거두지 못하였다. 이것은 국내의 입체 애니메이션 제작 산업이 아직 초보적인 단계에 불과하여 3D 입체 애니메이션 제작에 대한 인력 및 기술, 경험이 절대적으로 부족한 상태에서 제작되었기 때문이다. 그리고 대부분의 입체에 대한 연구가 재현 기술적 문제에 집중되어 있어 관객들이 직접적으로 접하게 되는 영상 그 자체에 대한 연구 또한 부족하거나 미흡한 실정인 것도 커다란 문제라 할 수 있다. 이러한 국내 상황 속에서 2010년에 개봉되었고, 현재까지 최고의 3D 입체 애니메이션 흥행작으로 손꼽히고 있는 드림웍스 작품인 <드래곤 길들이기>의 입체영상 화면은 연구될 가치가 충분하다 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 양질의 국내 3D 입체 애니메이션 제작 및 전문 인력 양성 시기초자료로 활용되고자 풍부한 입체감을 전달하기 위해 화면을 담아내는 시각적 연출을 중심으로 이론적 고찰과 사례를 분석하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 3D 입체 애니메이션은 새로운 분야가 아닌 기존 영상미학의 원리를 기반으로 입체영상의 특성이 적용되어져 확장되고 변화된 영역인 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구를 통해 실재감 재현을 위한 3D 입체 애니메이션 콘텐츠 제작에 필요한 이론적 기초연구의 토대를 구축하는데 도움이 될 것으로 본다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.915-936
• /
• 2017

본 논문에서는 2016년을 기준으로 강화된 터널 방재시설 설치 및 관리지침과, 점차 강화되고 있는 터널 CCTV설치 터널등급 기준과 터널 영상유고감지 시스템의 설치 운용에 대한 요구의 증가 상황을 정리해 보고하였다. 그럼에도, 가동중인 알고리즘 기반의 터널 영상유고감시 시스템의 정상 인지율은 50%가 채 되지 않는 것으로 파악되었으며, 그에 대한 주원인은 터널 내 낮은 조도, 심한 먼지로 인한 영상 선명도 저하, 낮은 CCTV 설치위치로 인한 이동객체의 겹침현상 등으로 파악되었다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 이러한 열악한 조건에서도 영상유고 정상 인지율을 확보할 수 있는 딥러닝 기반 영상유고감지 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이에 대한 이론적 배경 제시와 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구가 진행되었다. 개발 시스템의 타당성 검토 연구는 터널 방재시설 및 관리지침 내 영상유고감지 항목중 정지 및 역주행 차량을 감지하는 주요 정보인 차량 객체 인식과 보행자 감지를 중심으로 진행되었다. 또한, (1) 동일 터널 내에서 학습과 추론이 이루어 지는 경우와 (2) 다양한 터널의 영상 정보를 통합 학습하고, 각 터널의 영상유고감지에 투입되는 경우, 두개의 시나리오를 설정하여 타당성 검토를 진행하였다. 두 시나리오 모두 일정 시간의 학습 자료와 유사한 상황에 대해서는 열악한 터널환경과 무관하게 그 감지성능이 80% 이상으로 우수하나, 추가 학습 없이 학습된 시간 구간과 멀어질수록 그 추론 성능은 상대적으로 낮은 40% 수준으로 떨어짐을 알 수 있었다. 그러나, 시간이 지남에 따라 자동으로 누적되어 확장되는 영상유고 빅데이터를 반복적으로 학습함으로써, 설치된 영상유고감지 시스템의 보완이나 보정절차 없이도 자동으로 그 영상유고감지 성능이 향상될 수 있음을 보였다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2024

본 연구에서는 의료기관에서 방사성동위원소를 이용하여 암을 비롯한 여러 질환을 검사하는 PET/CT 검사에서 환자의 움직임으로 인한 영상의 질 저하와 판독 오류를 발생할 수 있는 점을 보완하기 위해 AI 기반의 Algorithm을 이용하여 개발한 Mothion Free 소프트웨어를 이용하여 호흡으로 인한 움직임의 보정 정도를 확인하고 유용성을 평가하여 임상에서의 적용을 위한 연구를 하였다. 실험 방법은 RPM Phantom을 사용하여 방사성동위원소 18F-FDG를 진공 바이알과 서로 다른 크기 NEMA IEC body Phantom의 sphere에 방사성동위원소를 주입하고 이것의 움직임을 호흡 시 움직이는 병소로 연출하여 영상을 획득하였다. 진공 바이알은 서로 다른 위치에서 움직임 정도를 다르게 하였고, 서로 다른 크기 NEMA IEC body Phantom의 sphere는 서로 다른 병소의 크기를 연출 하였다. 획득한 영상을 통하여 병소의 체적, 최대 SUV, 평균 SUV를 각각 측정하여 Mothion Free가 움직임 보정 정도를 정량적 평가를 하였다. 움직임 정도를 크게 설정한 진공바이알 A의 평균 SUV는 23.36 %, 움직임 정도를 작게 설정한 진공 바이알 B는 29.3 % 오차율이 감소하였다. NEMA IEC body Phantom의 sphere 37 mm, 22 mm에서의 평균 SUV는 각각 29.3 %, 26.51 % 오차율이 감소하였다. 오차율을 산출한 네 가지 측정치의 평균 오차율 30.03 % 감소하여 보다 정확한 평균 SUV 값을 나타내었다. 이 연구에서는 2차원적인 움직임 만을 연출할 수 있었기에 보다 정확한 데이터를 얻기 위해서는 실제 인체의 호흡 운동을 구현할 수 있는 Phantom을 이용하고, 움직임의 범위의 다양성을 구성한다면 보다 정확한 유용성 평가를 할 수 있다고 연구된다.

• 핵의학기술
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.17-29
• /
• 2015

핵의학과 방사선 작업 종사자는 진단 방사선 발생장치를 사용하는 업무처럼 방사선원으로부터 완전히 격리 된 공간에서 근무하거나, 선원과의 거리를 멀게 유지하기가 쉽지 않다. 또한 종사자는 시행하고 있는 업무 행위에 대해 익숙해지고 오랫동안 업무를 하게 되면, 본인이 시행하고 있는 업무가 최적화 된 방법이라고 인식되는 경우가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 방사성동위원소를 이용하는 환자 검사 및 정도 관리 행위마다 얼마만큼의 방사선피폭을 받는 지를 측정해보고, 개선 해야 할 업무 방법에 대해 모색하여 실제로 개선 하였을 경우 피폭 선량의 차이는 얼마나 되는지를 조사해 보고자 한다. PET 검사실에서 시행 되는 업무 형태를 행위 별로 장비 정도 관리, 주사, 영상획득, 기타 사항으로 크게 네 가지로 분류 하였다. 장비 정도 관리 업무 에서는 $^{68}Ge$ cylinder phantom을 이용한 일 별(Daily) 정도 관리 중 테이블을 직접 조종 하는 방법과 조종실에서 원격으로 조정하는 두 가지 방법으로, 주사 업무에서는 주사 전 안내와 주사 후 안내 두 가지 방법으로, 영상획득 업무에서는 환자 바로 옆에 있는 테이블 조종 버튼을 사용하는 방법과 멀리 떨어진 곳에서의 버튼을 사용하는 방법 두 가지로 나누어 실험하여 비교하였다. 행위 별 누적 피폭 선량을 측정하기 위해 시간 별 피폭 누적치(${\mu}Sv$) 측정이 가능한 Tracerco 사의 'PERSONAL ELECTRONIC DOSEMETER (PED)'를 사용하였다.$^{68}Ge$ cylinder phantom을 이용한 일 별정도 관리(Daily QC) 업무에서 테이블을 직접 조종 하는 경우에는 1회당 평균 $0.27{\pm}0.04{\mu}Sv$를, 조종실에서 원격으로 조정하는 경우에는 평균 $0.13{\pm}0.14{\mu}Sv$의 피폭을 받았다. 주사 업무에서는 주사 후 안내 시 한 명당 평균 $0.97{\pm}0.36{\mu}Sv$를, 주사 전 안내 시에는 $0.62{\pm}0.17{\mu}Sv$의 피폭을 받았다. 또한 영상획득 업무에서는 환자 바로 옆 테이블 조종 버튼 사용 시 한 명당 평균 $1.33{\pm}0.54{\mu}Sv$를, 멀리 떨어진 곳의 버튼 사용 시$0.94{\pm}0.50{\mu}Sv$의 피폭을 받았다. 이는 모두 통계적으로 유의 한 차이가 있었다(P<0.05). 실험을 통해 PET 검사의 업무 행위 별로 1회 시행 시 어느 정도의 피폭을 받는지를 평균적으로 확인 할 수 있었고, 행위 별로 업무 방식을 나누어 비교하여 얼마만큼의 피폭 차이가 발생하는지도 확인 하였다. 같은 업무라 하더라도 개인 성향이나 습관에 따라 업무 방식이 다를 수 있고, 피폭을 최소화 하기 위한 업무 방법이 어떤 것인지 인식하고 있음에도 그렇게 실천하지 않는 경우도 있다. 본 실험에서 비교한 업무 방법 이외에 더 추가적으로 피폭을 저감화 할 수 있는 방법을 더 모색한다면 PET 업무뿐 만 아니라 핵의학 검사에 있어 방사선 작업 종사자의 피폭을 최소화 할 수 있을 것으로 사료 된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
• /
• 제34권
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2022

목 적: 기존의 CBCT(Cone-beam Computed-tomography)는 호흡에 의한 움직임의 영향을 받는 부위에서 장기의 움직임으로 표적용적에 오차가 발생했다. 본 논문의 목적은 호흡동조방사선치료를 시행할 때 오차를 감소시켜주는 Gated CBCT(Gated Cone-beam Computed-Tomography)기능을 이용하여 정확성과 소요시간의 각각 유용성을 평가하고 위상에 따른 적절성에 대해 고찰하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: Gated CBCT의 유용성을 평가하기 위해 Truebeam STx^TM에서 QUASAR^TM 호흡 움직임 팬텀과 납 표지자 삽입물(lead marker inserts)을 이용하여 전체 위상(Full Phase), 20~80% 위상, 30~70% 위상, 40~60% 위상마다 5회씩 Gated CBCT를 촬영하여 납 표지자의 번짐(Blurring) 길이를 측정하고 투시 촬영(fluoroscopy)의 Trigger mode를 사용하여 최고 위상(Top Phase)에서 구간이 끝나는 지점까지 납 표지자가 움직이는 거리를 5회씩 측정하여 비교하였다. 삼나무 고체 종양 삽입물(Cedar Solid Tumor Inserts)을 이용하여 4차원 전산화단층촬영(4-Dimentional Computed-tomography, 4DCT)을 촬영하여 전체 위상, 20~80% 위상, 30~70% 위상, 40~60% 위상마다 표적 용적을 설정하고 축 방향(S-I방향)으로 5회씩 길이를 측정하였고 동일하게 Gated CBCT를 5회씩 촬영하고 영상의 CT 값(CT number)을 분석하여 표적이 움직인 거리를 측정하여 비교하였다. 결 과: 납 표지자 삽입물을 이용하여 촬영한 Gated CBCT에서 전체 위상은 평균 4.46 cm, 20~80% 위상은 평균 3.11 cm, 30~70% 위상은 평균 1.94 cm, 40~60% 위상은 평균 0.90 cm가 측정되었다. 투시 촬영에서 납 표지자의 축방향 움직임 거리는 평균 4.38 cm였고 Trigger mode를 이용하여 최고 위상부터 Beam off 구간까지의 거리는 20~80% 위상은 평균 3.342 cm, 30~70% 위상은 평균 2.04 cm, 40~60% 위상은 평균 0.84 cm가 측정되었다. 두 결과를 비교하였을 때 전체 위상은 0.08 cm, 20~80% 위상은 0.23 cm, 30~70% 위상은 0.10 cm, 40~60% 위상은 0.07 cm의 차이가 확인되었다. 삼나무 고체 종양 삽입물을 이용하여 촬영한 4차원 전산화단층촬영 영상으로 윤곽 묘사(contouring)한 내부표적용적(Internal Target Volume, ITV)과 치료계획용적(Planning Target Volume, PTV) 윤곽의 길이는 전체 위상에서 6.40 cm, 7.40 cm, 20~80% 위상에서 4.96 cm, 5.96 cm, 30~70% 위상에서 4.42 cm, 5.42 cm, 40~60% 위상에서 2.95 cm, 3.95 cm가 측정되었고 촬영한 Gated CBCT에서 Full 위상은 평균 6.35 cm, 20~80% 위상은 평균 5.25 cm, 30~70% 위상은 평균 4.04 cm, 40~60% 위상은 평균 3.08 cm가 측정되었다. 두 결과를 비교하였을 때 내부표적용적에서 ±8.5% 이내의 오차로 일치하는 것을 확인하였다. 결 론: 기존의 CBCT는 호흡에 의한 움직임의 영향을 받는 부위에서 장기의 움직임으로 오차가 발생하는 문제가 있었지만 본 연구를 통해서 Gated CBCT를 이용하여 설정한 위상의 표적 용적과 비슷한 영상을 얻어 정확한 영상유도를 시행하여 유용성을 확인하였다. 하지만 설정한 위상이 줄어들수록 영상 촬영소요시간이 길어진다. 따라서, 촬영소요시간과 위상의 오차를 고려했을 때 30~70% 위상 이상의 넓은 위상을 사용하는 호흡동조 정위체부방사선치료 환자에게 적용하는 것이 적절하다고 생각한다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국우주과학회:학술대회논문집(한국우주과학회보)
• /
• 한국우주과학회 1993년도 한국우주과학회보 제2권2호
• /
• pp.17-17
• /
• 1993

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70${\pm}$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32${\pm}$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500,550,570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500,550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100,300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3,000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.128-138
• /
• 2014

여닫이형 방사선 치료에서, 잔여 움직임으로 인하여 방사선은 실직적인 질병의 부위 뿐만이 아니라 주변 정상조직까지 투여 되도록 되어 있다. 비록 표적이 방사선 투여 중 움직이지만, 방사선이 최소한도로 실질적인 부위 (임상적 표적 체적)에 조사되기를 원한다. 본 연구의 목적은 여닫이형 치료에 있어서 방사선이 실질적인 표적에 투여되는지를 검증하고, 여닫이 범위, 움직임의 정도 및 임상적 표적체적의 크기의 변화에 따라, 표적및 주변 조직에 투여되는 방사선의 경향을 연구하는 데 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 실험 및 이론적인 연구를 고안하여 수행하였다. 직육각형 및 피라미드형의 표적 체적을 내포하는 팬텀을 만들어 움직이며 4차원 영상을 얻었다. 여러 여닫이 범위를 얻어진 영상에 적용하여 치료계획용 내부표적(표적체적 및 내부 움직임범위포함)을 만들었다. 직육각형 표적에는 전통적인 치료계획을 그리고 피라미드형 표적에는 세기 변조형 치료계획을 세웠다. 평판형 다이오드에 치료계획에서 얻어진 여닫이형 방사선을 수직으로 조사하여 실험적으로 선량평가를 수행하였고 또한 움직이는 상황에서 선량투여를 전산적으로 모사하였다. 본 연구는 두 표적에 대한 반음영 영역의 확장 및 움직임으로 인하여 방해 받았으나 확실하게 수행된 표적 선량투여 그리고 주변 조직에 투여된 상당량의 선량등을 수반하는 잔여움직임의 영향을 정량적으로 그리고 해석적으로 분석하였다. 선량-체적 히스토그램 분석에 따르면, 내부표적에는 여닫이 범위 또는 움직임 정도가 감소함에 따라 또한 표적체적이 증가함에 따라 선량이 증가함을 보였고, 내부 움직임 범위에 해당하는 체적에 대하여는 여닫이 범위 또는 움직임 정도가 감소함에 따라 선량이 증가하였고, 마지막으로 주변 정상조직에 대하여는, 내부 움직임 범위와는 반대의 경향을 보였다. 본 연구는 잔여움직임의 영향에 대하여 확실한 이해를 주었고 호흡행태가 재생되는한 불연속적인 투여과 표적의 움직임에도 불구하고 여당이형 방사선 치료는 안전함을 입증하였다. 본연구에서 수반된 절차와 전산적 모델은 여닫이형 치료의 시작점 검증, 주기적인 품질관리 및 환자별 검증에 사용될 수 있다. 환자별 영상에 선량을 재구성하는 방향으로 추후 연구가 필요하다.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권33호
• /
• pp.1-29
• /
• 2013

초현실주의는 무한에 대한 동경, 무의식의 탐구 등으로 전통적인 서구 합리주의와 대립하는 미학관을 성립시켰다. 초현실주의의 주된 관심사는 정체성과 차이의 문제이며 '경이', '발작적 아름다움', '객관적 우연' 등과 같은 불가사의한 개념으로 그들만의 독특한 시도를 하였다. 이러한 그들의 독특한 미학관은 여러 가지 예술적 양식을 통해 표현 되어졌다. 그 중의 하나가 바로 초현실주의의 대표적인 표현 장치인 데페이즈망이다. 데페이즈망은 물체를 본래 있던 곳에서 '떼어내는 것'을 의미한다. 따라서 현실적 사물들을 대상으로 하여 그 본래의 용도, 기능, 의미를 현실적 공간에서 이탈, 환경을 변화시켜 그것이 놓여 질 수 없는, 또는 사물의 속성과는 관련성이 없는 낯선 장소에 조합시킴으로 초현실적인 환상을 창조해 내는 기법이다. 다시 말해 표현공간에서 사물 본래의 일상적인 질서나 배경, 분위기 등을 떼어내어, 자기장소를 떠나 존재하는 사물들이 새로이 '배치'하는 것이다. 시간과 공간을 초월하여 '재구성'된 이 사물들은 우리에게 경이와 심리적 충격을 안겨주며, 낯선 의미와 느낌을 전달하게 된다. 본 논문은 매체에 적용된 데페이즈망의 활용에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 특히 애니메이션의 적용에 논의의 초점을 둘 것이다. 애니메이션은 기타 다른 매체와는 달리 독특한 미학적 특성들을 지니고 있다. 우선 애니메이션은 분절 촬영으로 손에 의해 생성된 창조적 이미지이다. '배치'를 통해 생성된 애니메이션 이미지는 특유의 운동성으로 생명력을 얻는다. 노먼 맥라렌의 <환타지>와 해리 스미스의 <하늘과 땅의 마법>은 이러한 데페이즈망의 구조적 특성을 잘 반영한 흥미로운 작품으로, 추상적 형태와 다양한 움직임으로 이루어져, 관객에게 다양한 영화적 형식을 지각하도록 만든 작품이다. 여기서 우리는 생물과 무생물의 전위, 공간과 시간, 생성과 소멸, 반복과 변형 등 무수한 환상을 체험하게 되는데, 그 주된 장치는 애니메이션 프레임 공간의 데페이즈망을 강화한데서 기인한다고 할 수 있다. 결론적으로, 데페이즈망은 초현실주의의 대표적인 예술기법 중 하나인 동시에 애니메이션과 필연적인 연결고리를 갖는 양식이다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2010

이 연구에서는 2007년 개정 교육과정 기술 가정과 주생활 단원에 적용할 수 있는 '이웃과 더불어 만드는 지속가능한 주거생활'이라는 주제로 실천적 문제 해결 교수 학습 방법을 적용하여 교수 학습 과정안을 개발하였다. 연구 절치는 ADDIE 교수설계모형에 따라 분석, 설계, 개발, 적용, 평가단계로 연구를 진행하였다. 교육과정과 관련문헌을 분석하여 '지속가능한 주거생활을 위해 나는 이웃과 더불어 무엇을 할 수 있는가?'라는 실천적 문제를 설정하였다. 교수 학습 과정은 총 6차시로 실천적 문제 해결 과정에 따라 문제정의(1~2차시), 실천적 추론(3~4차시), 행동(5차시), 행동에 대한 평가 단계(6차시)로 구성하였다. 1~2차시에는 지속가능한 주거에 대한 개념과 이웃공동체의 역활을 학습하면서 현대 주거의 요구를 확인하도록 하였다. 3~4차시에는 공동생활공간과 공동활동 프로그램으로 현대의 주거생활로 인해 발생하였거나 앞으로 발생가능한 자원고갈, 환경오염, 인간소외, 가족부양 등의 문제를 해결하는데 필요한 정보를 획득하고 분석하도록 하였다. 5차시는 문제해결을 위한 구체적인 행동계획을 수립하고 4~6일간 수행하도록 하였다. 6차시는 수행 결과를 발표하고 검토, 반성하도록 하였다. 교수 학습 자료는 학습 활동지(17개), 텍스트 자료(6개), 동영상 자료(6개), 인터넷 자료(2개), 이미지 자료(1개)를 개발하여 영상으로 제시하거나 인쇄물로 배부하였다. 수업적용은 2009년 9월 1일부터 14일까지 경북 상주시 소재 H중학교 2, 3학년과 병설 H고등학교 1학년의 각 1학급을 대상으로 적용하였다. 교수 학습 과정에서 연구자 관찰 내용과 학생의 수행 결과물을 분석한 결과, 학생들은 자신의 마을이나 자신의 경험과 관련이 높은 교수 학습 자료가 제시된 경우 더욱 적극적으로 학습에 참여하였다. 우리 마을의 공동생활공간과 공동활동 프로그램을 제안할 때는 또래 청소년을 대상으로 하는 제안이 대부분이었으며 저학년은 주로 개인의 흥미와 개인적인 요구 충족을 위한 활동을 많이 제안하였고 고학년은 수혜의 범위가 타인을 위한 활동을 많이 제안하였다. 그리고 행동을 수행하는 과정에서 교사의 지원에 대한 요구가 높았다. 설문지 분석 결과, 실험수업은 공동체 의식올 높이는데 효과가 있었으며 특히 마을에 대한 소속감 및 만족감, 자발적 참여의식을 높이는데 긍정적으로 작용하였다. 학습자의 실천적 문제 해결 교수 학습 과정 참여도를 단계별로 학습자가 주관적으로 평가하는 수행수준으로 알아 본 결과 4단계 모두 보통이상 이었으며 문제정의, 실천적 추론 단계가 행동과 행동반성 단계보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 생활 속에서 문재를 발견하고 인식하는 교수 학습 내용과 다양한 학습 자료를 사용한 교수 학습 과정에 대한 만족도가 높았다. 이러한 연구 결과를 통해, 실천적 문제 해결 과정을 적용한 '이웃과 더불어 만드는 지속가능한 주거생활' 교수 학습 과정안은 학습자의 공동체 의식 함양과 주거에 관련된 실천적 문제 해결 능력을 함양하는데 긍정적으로 작용하며 실천적 문제 해결 행동을 실제적으로 수행하는 것에 대해 학생들이 긍정적으로 평가하고 있다고 결론 내릴 수 있다.