• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

This paper presents a miniaturized turn-counting sensor (TCS) where the geomagnetism and high-rpm rotation of ammunition are used to detect the turn number of ammunition for applications to small-caliber turn-counting fuzes. The TCS, composed of cores and a coil, has a robust structure with no moving part for increasing the shock survivability in the gunfire environments of ${\sim}30,000$ g's. The TCS is designed on the basis of the simulation results of an electromagnetic analysis tool, $Maxwell^{(R)}$3D. In experimental study, the static TCS test using a solenoid-coil apparatus and the dynamic TCS test (firing test) have been made. The presented TCS has shown that the induction voltage of $6.5{\;}mV_{P-P}$ is generated at the magnetic flux density of 0.05 mT and the rotational velocity of 30,000 rpm. From the measured signal, the TCS has shown the SNR of 44.0 dB, the nonlinearity of 0.59 % and the frequency-normalized sensitivity of $0.26{\pm}0.01{\;}V/T{\cdot}Hz$ in the temperature range of $-30{\sim}+43^{\circ}C$. Firing test has shown that the TCS can be used as a turn-counting sensor for small-caliber ammunition, verifying the shock survivability of TCS in high-g environments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.72-81
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• 2004

A Wind tunnel test for a high speed ground vehicle was conducted to investigate the aerodynamic interactions between the vehicle and a solid channel. The free stream velocity was 30m/see and Reynolds number per unit length was $3.1{\times}10^5/m$. Experimental devices such as a variable channel ground and guide way were used for the test. As the vehicle was close to the channel ground and guide way, lift was significantly increased, drag was slightly decreased and pitching moments were restricted to augment static stability. Using smoke-wire, flow visualization was made to confirm these results by comparing the channel and non-channel flow characteristics of the vehicle. Under the influence of the channel ground and guide way, the flow beneath the vehicle was not discharged outside wing end plates, which was the major reason of the increase in lift of the vehicle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.133-139
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• 2016

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training on a three-dimensional balance trainer that provides the up-and-down vertical movement of the knee joint and left-and-right horizontal movement, along with visual feedback on the functional ability of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CPs). METHODS: 8 CPs participated in this study. The experiment was implemented for 40 minutes, three times a week for a total of six weeks. The subjects received general physiotherapy for 15 minutes in each session focused on balance and walking, as based on the neuro-developmental treatment theory. Balance training was performed for 20 minutes on a three-dimensional balance trainer where knee joint movement providing visual feedback is applied. The evaluations were conducted before and after the test, and posture sway was measured using 10 Meter Walking Test (10MWT), Timed Up & Go Test (TUG), and the Good Balance System to evaluate the functional ability and balance of the subjects RESULTS: 10MWT was not statistically significant (p>.05). On the contrary, TUG and postural sway indicate static balance showed a statistically significant decrease (p<.05). In a static balance test using the Good Balance System, the average moving speed statistically significantly decreased in the AP and ML directions (p<.05), and the mean velocity moment also significantly decreased (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that balance training using the three-dimensional balance trainer, with the features of visual feedback and up-and-down knee joint movement effects on increasing dynamic and static balance.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2018

In this study the cleaning spherical beads with same density as water were fabricated. Bead moving velocity was measured with respect to the aeration rate and bead concentration in water reservoir. The permeation experiments for FR (filtration and relaxation) and SFCO (sinusoidal filtration continuous operation) modes were simultaneously carried out under the condition of 1 to 3% cleaning spherical bead concentration, 20 LMH and 500 mL/min aeration rate in the MLSS 8,000 mg/L activated sludge solution. The used membrane was the $90cm^2$ effective area and $0.4{\mu}m$ nominal pore size flat membrane. The TMP (transmembrane pressure) decreased as the bead concentration increased, and was shown most effective in FR mode with 2% bead concentration.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 2010

Since SRC (Short-term Rotation Coppice) such as poplar and willow can be harvested in three years, they are known to be a potential forest biomass as fuel for a power plant. The production system including transplanting and harvesting is, however, necessary to be mechanized because such a biomass should be handled in a massive volumetric size. A pull-type stem-cutting transplanter was developed in the research as the first step to realize the production of SRC. A needle-like transplanting device pushes a stem-cutting into the prepared soil bed by a pneumatic cylinder, and another device firms soil around a stem-cutting transplanted. Since this is an intermittent operation, it was necessary to develop a zero horizontal velocity mechanism which enabled only the transplanting needle part to continue a zero horizontal movement relative to the ground during the transplanting operation even when the tractor kept moving forward. The 2-row transplanter can transplant stem-cuttings at the rate of 6.5 seconds per row without missing a single attempt. The planting depth and distance were well maintained and controlled. Their CVs were between 2.1~3.4% and 0.87~1.7% for the depth and the distance, respectively. Although, the transplanted stem-cuttings tended to lean outward from the back-view and forward from the side view, they were planted within the range of $3^{\circ}$ from the upright position.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1504-1515
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• 1999

무선 이동 통신망은 기존의 음성위주로 제공되던 단일 미디어 서비스의 제공으로부터 발전되어 2000년대 초까지 이동 사용자에게 고품질의 멀티미디어 데이타 서비스를 제공하고, 장소에 제한을 받지 않고 서비스를 제공받을 수 있도록 하는 IMT-2000을 실현을 목표로 발전하고 있다. 또한 다수의 서비스 사용자와 광대역의 데이타를 전송하기 위해서 셀의 반경은 점차로 축소되고 있다. 이에 따라서, 사용자의 위치등록과 핸드오버와 같은 처리에 대한 부하가 커지게 되었다. 그러므로 무선 이동통신에서 서비스 이용자에게 일정 수준 이상의 QoS를 보장해 주기 위해서 효율적인 핸드오버 알고리즘의 도입은 매우 중요한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IMT-2000환경에서 보다 효율적인 QoS를 서비스 사용자에게 제공해 줄 수 있도록 하기 위해 다양한 이동체의 속도와 멀티미디어 트래픽 특성을 동시에 고려하여 신뢰성 있는 핸드오버를 제공하는 H-PS(Hybrid-Priority Scheme)알고리즘을 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통해 성능을 분석한다.Abstract Wireless mobile communications is developed from the only single voice traffic sevice to multimedia sevices. And mobile communications will evolve IMT-2000, which is provide users with high quality multimedia services. A radius of cell is gradually reduced to accept many service users and transport the multimedia traffics. Therefore, a overhead of location tracking and handover processing are increased. Then to guarantee high QoS to service users in wireless mobile communications, efficient handover algorithm is very important issue.In this study, we propose a H-PS(Hybrid-Priority Scheme) handover scheme considering mobility and traffic characteristics in IMT-2000 networks. And performance evaluate using simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.48 no.9
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• pp.717-724
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• 2020

We study the closing characteristics of a self-sustainable poppet valve which serves as a main oxidizer shut-off valve for liquid rocket engines. Numerical analysis for predicting closing transient responses are presented and the calculated results have been verified by a comparison with experimental data. The effective area of a pilot gas discharge system and the pressure distribution of passage flow around the valve moving part are shown to be main parameters in determining the closing characteristics for dry and cryogenic conditions, respectively. Moreover, it is presented that the passage flow pressure at the valve closing moment as well as the valve closing velocity can be effectively adjusted by the appropriate employment of the pilot gas.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1187-1200
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the design or an LMI (Linear Matrix Inequality) -based H$\infty$ controller for a line of sight (LOS) stabilization system and with its robustness performance. The linearization of the system is necessary to analyze various nonlinear characteristics, but the linearization entails modeling uncertainties which reduce its performance. In addition, the stability of the LOS can be adversely affected by angular velocity disturbances while the vehicle is moving. As the vehicle accelerates, all the factors that are Ignored and simplified for the linearization tend to Inhibit the performance of the system. The robustness in the face of these uncertainties needs to be assured. This paper employs H$\infty$ control theory to address these problems and the LMI method to provide a suitable controller with minimal constraints for the system. Even though the system matrix does not have a full rank, the proposed method makes it possible to design a H$\infty$ controller and to deal with R and S matrices for reducing the system order. It can be also shown that the proposed robust controller has a better disturbance attenuation and tracking performance. The LMI method is also used to enhance the applicability of the proposed reduced-order H$\infty$ controller for the system given. The LMI-based H$\infty$ controller has superior disturbance attenuation and reference input tracking performance, compared with that of the conventional controller under real disturbances.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.173-181
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• 2014

The propagation behavior and structural variation of a premixed propane/air flame with frequency change in an ultrasonic standing wave at various equivalence ratios were experimentally investigated using Schlieren photography and pressure measurement. The propagating flame was observed in high-speed Schlieren images, allowing local flame velocities of the moving front to be analyzed in detail. The study reveals that the distorted flame front and horizontal splitting in the burnt zone are due to the ultrasonic standing wave. Vertical locations of the distortion and horizontal stripes are intimately dependent on the frequency of the ultrasonic standing wave. In addition, the propagation velocity of the flame front bounded by the standing wave is greater than that of the flame front without acoustic excitation. As expected, the influence of the ultrasonic standing wave on premixed-flame propagation becomes more prominent as the frequency increases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2016

The computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) technique provides superior fabrication performance for optical mirrors when compared to the conventional method, which relies heavily on the skill of the optician. The CCOS technique provides improvements in terms of mass production, low cost, and short polishing time, and are achieved by estimating and controlling the moving speed of the tool and toolpath through a numerical analysis of the tool influence function (TIF). Hence, the exact estimation of various TIFs is critical for high convergence rates and high form accuracy in the CCOS process. In this paper, we suggest a new model for TIFs, which can be applied for various tool shapes, different velocity distributions, and non-uniform tool pressure distributions. Our proposed TIFs were also verified by comparisons with experimental results. We anticipate that these new TIFs will have a major role in improving the form accuracy and shortening the polishing time by increasing the accuracy of the material removal rate.