• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.229-234
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• 2008

Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is very sensitivity of hepatic cell and gallbladder, biliary track atresia and biliary leakage. however, Hepatobiliary scan of biliary leakage diagnosis was separated determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice. The object of this study will determine biliary leakage and bowl drainage bile-juice to hepatobiliary scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients. Material & Methode: 31 patients (meal 14, Femeal 17), $51.1{\pm}14.4$ years. dynamic scan acquisition 60 farme for 60 minute on supine position. and delay scan was 2 hrs, 4 hrs, 24 hrs for 5 minute on supine, both decubitus position. Both decubitus position scan was kept for 5 minutes. Efficient of Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy both decubitus position in bile leakage patients was compared leakage size, density, image of supine position and both decubitus position. Results: 23 patients for 31 bile leakage patients was checked up function image or delay image, and 8 patients was checked up bile leakage on both decubitus. anatomical leakage location was supine position very well, but both decubitus position was separated bile leakage and moving bile-juice in bowl. also, uptake (counts/pixel) average of roi and bkg was supine 5.02, left decubitus 2.08, right decubitus 2.68. No. pixels of supine ROI counted 1.91 times than left decubitus, 1.05 times than right decubitus. Conclusion: 31 patient both decubitus position, but decubitus position was separated bile juice movement in bowl leakage location. also, It was compared ROI/BKG ratio and ROI No. pixels of supine, both decubitus in 38.5% patients. And No. pixels of supine position was large 19%, 5% than left decubitus, right decubitus, And density was in low 60%, 50% than left decubitus, right decubitus. It was mean bile leakage of ROI. so, If Hepatobiliary Scintigraphy was additional both decubitus position scan in bile leakage patients, this study will be more valuable in diagnosis of bile leakage.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

This study is a case study to identify the spatial composition and structural problems of existing schools for spatial innovation as a future school that can operate a credit system for old high schools and establish a mid-to-long-term arrangement plan as a credit system operating school capable of various teaching and learning in the future. The study results are as follows: First, most of the problems of the old high schools entailed that there was very poor connectivity between buildings as most of them were arranged in a single, standard design-type unit building and distributed in multiple buildings. In addition, the floor plan of each building is suggested to be a structure in which student exchange and rest functions cannot be achieved during the break period due to the spatial composition of the classroom and hallway concepts. Second, in the direction of the high school space configuration for future school space innovation, the arrangement plan should be established by reflecting the collective arrangement in consideration of the shortening of the movement route and the expansion of subject areas due to the movement of students on the premise of the subject classroom system. Moreover, it is desirable to provide a square-type space for rest and exchange in the central area where communication and exchange are possible according to the moving class. Third, as the evaluation criteria for relocating old high schools, a space program is prepared based on the number of classes in the future, and legal analysis of school land use and land use efficiency analysis considering regional characteristics are conducted. Based on such analysis data, mid-to-long-term land use plans and space arrangement plans for the entire school space such as the school facility complex are established.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.144-149
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• 2018

The eggs are incubated for 18 days through the generator and incubated in the developing incubator. During the developmental period, the weight loss of the fetus is correlated with the ventricular formation, and the proper ventricular formation is also associated with the healthy embryonic hatching and the egg hatching rate. However, in the incubator period of the domestic hatchery, it is a reality to acquire the resultant side by the Iranian standard weight measurement with the experience of the hatchery and the person concerned and the development period without the apparatus for measuring the present weight. As a result, prevalence of early mortality, hunger and illness during hatching are frequent. Monitoring the reduction of weaning weight is crucial to obtaining chick quality and hatching performance with weight changes within the development machine. Water loss is different depending on the size of eggs, egg shell, and elder group. We can expect to increase the hatching rate by measuring the weight change in real time and optimizing the ventilation change accordingly. There is a need to develop a real-time measurement system that can control 10 to 13% reduction of the total weight during hatching. The system through this study is a way to check the one - time directly when moving the existing egg, and it is impossible to control the measurement of the fetal water evaporation within the development period. Unlike systems that do not affect the hatching rate, four load cells are connected in parallel on the Arduino sketch board and the AT-command command is used to connect the mobile phone and computer in real time. The communication speed of Bluetooth was set to 15200 to match the communication speed of Arduino and Hyper-terminal program. The real - time monitoring system was designed to visually check the change of the weight of the fetus in the artificial incubator. In this way, we aimed to improve the hatching rate and health condition of the hatching eggs.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 1997

This paper presents substructural identification methods for the assessment of local damages in complex and large structural systems. For this purpose, an auto-regressive and moving average with stochastic input (ARMAX) model is derived for a substructure to process the measurement data impaired by noises. Using the substructural methods, the number of unknown parameters for each identification can be significantly reduced, hence the convergence and accuracy of estimation can be improved. Secondly, the damage index is defined as the ratio of the current stiffness to the baseline value at each element for the damage assessment. The indirect estimation method was performed using the estimated results from the identification of the system matrices from the substructural identification. To demonstrate the proposed techniques, several simulation and experimental example analyses are carried out for structural models of a 2-span truss structure, a 3-span continuous beam model and 3-story building model. The results indicate that the present substructural identification method and damage estimation methods are effective and efficient for local damage estimation of complex structures.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.305-332
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• 2010

This study was searching for elements affecting satisfaction of customers by comparing health management service businesses such as wellbeing care, yoga, and fitness. The discovered elements were analyzed and verified to find which elements are affecting what businesses through case studies. Multidirectional analysis was implemented for each service type using program, physical environment, and provided service drawn from the previous researches with SERVQUAL criteria and measured values on customer satisfactions. According to the analysis, physical environment in forest wellbeing care, program in yoga, and provided service in fitness were the most affecting elements. Thus, each health management service business must consider the lifestyle and trend of customers, and the specialized service corresponding to its uniqueness must be provided to customers. Surely, modernized exercise equipment, personalized program, and comfortable-luxurious settings are must have in order to be competitive. In addition, the business owners have to realize that customers are moving to quality from quantity. This means exercise must be brought up to the level of social value for relationship and links rather than left at the level of simple physical and mental trainings. To achieve these, other programs to support relationship among customers and circulating system with friendly environment must be considered at the same time.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.565-577
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to propose a method for computing the Natural Drought Index (NDI) that does not consider man-made drought facilities. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to estimate the NDI. Three monthly moving cumulative runoff, soil moisture and precipitation were selected as input data of the NDI during 1977~2012. Observed precipitation data was collected from KMA ASOS (Korea Meteorological Association Automatic Synoptic Observation System), while model-driven runoff and soil moisture from Variable Infiltration Capacity Model (VIC Model) were used. Time series analysis, drought characteristic analysis and spatial analysis were used to assess the utilization of NDI and compare with existing SPI, SRI and SSI. The NDI precisely reflected onset and termination of past drought events with mean absolute error of 0.85 in time series analysis. It explained well duration and inter-arrival time with 1.3 and 1.0 respectively in drought characteristic analysis. Also, the NDI reflected regional drought condition well in spatial analysis. The accuracy rank of drought onset, termination, duration and inter-arrival time was calculated by using NDI, SPI, SRI and SSI. The result showed that NDI is more precise than the others. The NDI overcomes the limitation of univariate drought indices and can be useful for drought analysis as representative measure of different types of drought such as meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-117
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• 2008

Since the late 20th century, due to the globalization of markets and the rapid developments of information and communication technologies, the world has entered into the age of fierce competition. With their abundant low-cost labor, former communist countries such as China, Russia and East Europe and former low-developed countries such as India and Brazil have received foreign investments from major industrial companies. Thus, there are no other alternatives remained for Korea and OECD countries other than moving the industrial economies to the knowledge based innovation systems. In the knowledge based innovation systems, economic developments and employments of regions and nations depend solely on companies situated in their territories. In this article, after reviewing the current state of technological based innovation small firms in korea, we provide a theoretical framework to promote the level of technology based innovation and entrepreneurship. The theoretical framework for analysis and policy suggestions is based on the Schumpeter's value system model that consist of supply factors, demand factors, and supporting institutions. In order to create more innovative small businesses, we insist on the followings. First, more R&D and innovation activities related with promising new technologies should be performed. Second, more R&D funds for technological innovation small companies should be provided from governments. Third, more M&A transactions and technology transactions should be marketed freely and competitively. Fourth, more business incubating services and venture capital services should be provided. Fifth, entrepreneurship and innovation culture should be popular and institutionized among people.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Recently Digital TV industry has drastically been moving the illuminating system, which causes an obvious product change from PDP and LCD to LED model to provide high-definition image. Due to strong competition in the digital industry, TV manufacturers make a great efforts to reduce production cost by using low-priced materials such as steels instead of aluminum and plastic etc. In this paper we have developed a new low-priced electrogalvanized steel sheet, which has a black resin composite layer, to substitute conventional high-priced PCM steel and plastic mold for rear cover panel in the digital TV. The black resin composite was prepared by mechanical dispersion of the mixture solution that consists of high solid polyester resin, melamine hardener, black pigment, micronized silica paste, polyacrylate texturing particle and miscellaneous additives. The composite solution was coated on the steel sheet using roll coater followed by induction furnace curing and cooling. Although the coated layer has a half thickness compared to the conventional PCM steels having $23{\mu}m$ thickness, it exhibits excellent quality for the usage of rear cover panel. The new steel sheet was applied to test products to get quality certification from worldwide electronic appliance customers. Detailed discussion provides in this paper including preparation of composite solution, roll coating technology, induction curing technology and quality evaluation from customers.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.568-575
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• 2020

Ultrasound has been widely used in various industrial fields. One of challenging application areas is cooling microelectronics. Ultrasonic cooling systems can work with air, argon (Ar) and nitrogen (N₂) instead of conventional refrigerant such as freon gas, which can cause global warming. Furthermore, ultrasonic systems do not have moving parts, thus high durability can be obtained. So it is necessary to develop ultrasonic cooling systems due to environmental issues and durability points. In this paper, the design and fabrication processes are explained. When designing the system, a feasibility test was performed with a prototype cooler. Based on the result, finite element analysis with ANSYS software was performed. The predicted anti-resonance frequency for a piezoelectric actuator was 34.8 kHz, which was in good agreement with the experimental result of 34.6 kHz with 0.6% error. In addition, the predicted anti-resonance frequency for the ultrasonic waveguide was 39.4 kHz, which also agreed well with the experimental value of 39.8 kHz with 1.0% error. Based on these results, the developed ultrasonic waveguide might be applicable in microchip cooling.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2015.08a
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• pp.135-135
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• 2015

Tubes are of extreme importance in industries as for fluid channels or wave guides. Furthermore, some weapon systems such as cannons use the tubes as gun barrels. To increase the service life of such tubes, a protective coating must be applied to the tubes' inner surface. However, the coating methods applicable to the inner surface of the tubes are very limited due to the geometrical restriction. A small-diameter cylindrical magnetron sputtering gun can be used to deposit coating layers on the inner surface of the large-bore tubes. However, for small-bore tubes with the inner diameter of one inch (~25 mm), the magnetron sputtering method can hardly be accommodated due to the space limitation for permanent magnet assembly. In this study, a new approach to coat the inner surface of small-bore tubes with the inside diameter of one inch was developed. Instead of using permanent magnets for magnetron operation, an external electro-magnet assembly was adopted around the tube to confine the plasma and to sustain the discharge. The electro-magnet was operated in pulse mode to provide the strong axial magnetic field for the magnetron operation, which was synchronized with the negative high-voltage pulse applied to the water-cooled coaxial sputtering target installed inside the tube. By moving the electro-magnet assembly along the tube's axial direction, the inner surface of the tube could be uniformly coated. The inner-surface coating system in this study used the tube itself as the vacuum chamber. The SS-304 tube's inner diameter was 22 mm and the length was ~1 m. A water-cooled Cu tube (sputtering target) of the outer diameter of 12 mm was installed inside of the SS tube (substrate) at the axial position. The 50 mm-long electro-magnet assembly was fed by a current pulse of 250 A at the frequency and pulse width of 100 Hz and 100 usec, respectively. The calculated axial magnetic field strength at the center was ~0.6 Tesla. The central Cu tube was synchronously driven by a HiPIMS power supply at the same frequency of 100 Hz as the electro-magnet and the applied pulse voltage was -1200 V with a pulse width of 500 usec. At 150 mTorr of Ar pressure, the Cu deposition rate of ~10 nm/min could be obtained. In this talk, a new method to sputter coat the inner surface of small-bore tubes would be presented and discussed, which might have broad industrial and military application areas.