• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.553-564
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• 1994

Using Sirognathograph Analyzing System, the patterns of chewing movement were analyzed into opening phase and closing phase, each phase to frontal plane, horizontal plane, and sagittal plane by maruyama's classification. In opening phase, the chewing patterns of frontal plane were classifed into Chopping Opening, Grinding Opening, Concave Opening, Lateral Shift Opening, Vertical Guide Opening, Convergence Opening. Those of horizontal plane were classified into Chopping Opening, Grinding Opening, Concave Opening, Protrusive Shift Opening, Posterior Guide Opening, Convergence Opening. Those of sagittal plane were classified into Normal Opening, Protrusive Shift Opening, Vertical Guide Opening, Convergence Opening. In closing phase, the chewing patterns of frontal plane were classified into Normal Closure, Concave Closure, Lateral Shift Closure, Lateral Guide Closure, Vertical Guide Closure, Convergence Closure, Those of horzontal plane were classified into Normal Closure, Concave Closure, Lateral Shift Closure, Protrusive Shift Closure, Lateral Guide closure, Posterior Guide Closure, Convergence Closure. Those of sagittal plane were classified into Normal Closure, Protrusive Shift Closure, Vertical Guide. Closure, Convergence Closure. Results were summarized as follows : 1. Opening phase in chewing movement The Normal Openings in 3 planes(frontal, horizontal, sagittal), the Concave Openings in frontal plane and horizontal plane, the Vertical Guide Opening in frontal plane and the Posterior Guide Opening in horizontal plane were many observed. 2. Closing phase in chewing movement The Concave Closure in frontal and horizontal plane, the Normal Closure in 3 planes (frontal, horizontal, sagittal), the Concave Closure in horizontal plane were many observed.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 1994

According to the classification of dental arch form and the analysis of patterns of chewing movement, the patterns of chewing movement in each group were evaluated and compared with those of the normal group. Results were summarized as follows ; 1. Opening phase in chewing movement In the group which the maxillary second molar positionsbuccal side, the chewing patterns which have the Vertical Guide Openings in frontal plane, the Posterior Guide Openings in hjorizontal plane were observed. In the group which the maxillary premolars position lingual side, the chewing paterns which have the Protrusive Shift Openings in horizontal plane and sagittal plane were observed. 2. Closing phase in chewing movement. In each group except for the normal group, the chewing patterns which have the Concave Closure in frontal plane and in Horizontal plane were observed. In the group which the maxillary premolars position buccal side, the chewing patterns which have the Lateral Guide Closure in frontal plane and in horizontal plane, the Vertical Guide Closre in sagittal plane were observed: From the results, as the characteristics of the dental arch form have appeared in chewing movement, the close relationships were found between dental arch form and chewing movement. It is suggested that the evaluation of dental arch form is effective in the diagnosis of function of stomatognathic system.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of clutch adaptation on the mandibular rotational torque movement in normal people. 69 dental students were selected for the study. Their mean age were 23.6 years and they did not present any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. $BioEGN^{(R)}$ with $Rotate^{(R)}$ program was used to observe and record the amount of mandibular rotational torque on protrusion, on right excursion, on left excursion, and on comfortable wide opening movement. The natural tooth contact movement and the movement with clutch were performed in the above four each mandibular movement. Clutch was made by the method used in $Pantronic^{(R)}$ clutch fabrication. Distance of slant frontal which was translatory trajectory in frontal plane and degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane were recorded. The data obtained were processed with SPSSWIN program and the results were as follows : 1. Distance of slant frontal in each mandibular movement generally increased with clutch. 2. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not increase with clutch, but the degree on wide opening increased with clutch. 3. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not show any difference between right and left side, but the degree in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions showed significant difference between right and left side. 4. Total amount of rotational torque from right and left sides on protrusion and lateral excursions were not increased with clutch, but the degree on wide opening movement was increased with clutch. And in this case, degree in horizontal plane was larger than that in frontal plane. 5. Correlation between total amount of rotational torque in horizontal plane and that in frontal plane were highly significant on protrusion and on lateral excursions with or without clutch, but the significant correlation on wide opening without clutch became not significant with clutch.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 1996

This study was performed to investigate the effects of head posture and occlusal splint on the vertical dimension in mandibular rest position and swallowing. Thirty health dental students ware selected lot this study and BioEGNⓡ(Bioresearch Inc., USA) was used for measuring interocclusal distance during rest - swallowing - rest - tapping movement. This swallowing movements were observed in both normal head posture(NHP) and forward head posture (FHP). Thickness of occlusal splint was about 2mm at posterior molar area and even tooth contact were achieved on light biting. The four mandibular positions at which interocclusal distance measured were swallowing position, after swallowing position in which interocclusal distance was maximum, rest position follows swallowing, and tapping position after rest. Changes of distance in each position were measured for three mandibular planes, that is, sagittal, frontal, and horizontal plane, respectively. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In normal head posture, the mandible was raised 1.03mm without splint, and 0.77mm with splint on swallowing, and there was no significant difference between the two. In horizontal plane, however, mandible was displaced more anteriorly in both swallowing position and tapping position with splint. 2. In forward head posture, the mandible was less raised with splint on swallowing, but features in horizontal plane were almost same as those in normal head posture. 3. In natural dentition, significant difference between NHP and FHP were observed in horizontal plane trajectory for swallowing and tapping position. But the difference for same positions were observed in frontal trajectory with splint. 4. Total amount of mandibular movement of two groups classified with sagittal interocclusal distance of swallowing position generally showed significant difference between the higher and the lower height group in head posture without splint. 5. Correlationship among total amount of mandibular movement for three mandibular planes were observed between sagittal plane and horizontal plane, and between sagittal plane and frontal plane in head posture without splint.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2000

When we establish treatment planning of facial asymmetry, we must predict each asymmetrical element that will be changed upon coronal, axial, sagittal plane. At the visual point, prediction of the change of coronal plane is most important. It is important difference between Rt. and Lt. mandibular angle belonging to posterior coronal plane, as well as anterior coronal plane, such as upper and lower incisor, or midline of chin point. Several methods for control bulk of mandibular angle are additional angle shaving after osteotomy, grinding contact area between proximal and distal segment for decrease the volume, or bone graft for increase the volume. But, at the point of bimaxillary surgery, transverse position of posterior maxilla is an important factor for control it. So, we would report transverse movement of posterior maxilla for decrease asymmetry on the posterior coronal plane of face, that is, asymmetry of mandibular angular portion.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1984

The author has studied mandibular opening and closing movement patterns using mandibular kinesiograph in order to make basic data that is necessary to diagnose the mandibular movement function. The 83 normal subjects, who were students of the school of dentistry. Kyunpook National University and Daegu Junior Health College, were selected according to sampling criteria. The results were as follow : In the sagittal plan, crossover pattern had the highest incidence in male (72.7%) and female(76.8%). There was no significant defference of distribution of habitual closing movement patterns between male and female.(p>0.05). There were difference between each patterns.(p<0.01) In the frontal plane, there was no difference of distribution of male's opening and closing movement patterns between habitual and maximum velocity (p<0.05),but difference between each subjects. (p<0.05) In the frontal plane, there was no difference of distribution of habitual opening and closing movement patterns between male and female.(p<0.05) In the frontal plane, the average number of habitual opening and closing pathways cross the midline was greater than that of maximum velocity.(p<0.05) The average of the maximum mandibular movemet velocity of male was greater than female in opening and contact(p<0.01) and there was no difference between male and female in closing.(p>0.05)

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.25-32
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• 2000

In order to analyze the behavior of piled abutment adjacent to surcharge loads a numerical study was conducted. In 2D plane stalin analysis, the distribution of lateral soil movement was investigated by varying the thickness of clay layer and the magnitude of surcharge loads. In 3D analysis, the magnitude and distribution of lateral pile-soil movement were studied for different cap rigidity. Based on limited parametric studies, a simple method is proposed to identify the lateral pressure of piled abutment adjacent to surcharge loads.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.193-203
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• 1994

The author performed this study for investigation of the magnitude of mandibular positional change caused by joint sound during mandibular opening and closing movement. There have been many studies stated mandibular border movement or other functional movement, and there also have been many studies reported clicking sound related to mandibular movement speed, trajectory and clinicl course of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs), but there have not been so many studies stated spatial mandibular position accompanied by joint sound. For this study 46 TM joint from the patients with TMDs were used and they were compared by character and occuring phase of the joint sound. Synchronized data which were amplitude and frequency of joint sound and amount of mandibular positional change were collected through sonopak and BioEGN rotate of Biopak system, respectively. Mandibular position was analyzed for translational and rotational movement change between before and after joint sound. The obtained data were processed with SAS program and summary of this paper were as follows : 1. Mean value of the amount of translational movement in whole joints were 6.0mm in vertical direction, 3.3mm in anteroposterior direction and 0.8mm in lateral direction between before and after joint sound. 2. Mean value of the amount of translational movement in clicking joinnts showed slightly increased tendency than in popping joints. 3. The amount of mandibular change in translational movement during closing phase were more than during opening phase. 4. The amount of mandibular rotational change in whole joints were $1.1^{\circ}$, 1.0mm in frontal plane and $0.9^{\circ}$, and 0.8mm in horizontal plane. 5. The amount of rotational movement were more in clicking joints than in popping joints and were more during closing phase than during opening phase, but statistically significance were showed only in frontal plane.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1982

The mandibular movement during mastication has been studied, however there is still much controversy, therefore the purpose of this study was to establish the fundamental data in order to provide the functional occlusion and information in prosthodontic treatment, and the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder. The author analyzed the characteristics of the border and masticatory movements using the Mandibular Kinesiograph. The value, direction, deviation angulation of the border and masticatory movements were studied on the sagittal and frontal planes in 24 male subjects age of 22-28 without orofacial problems. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The values of border movement on the sagittal plane were an average of $25.81{\pm}5.14mm$ in vertical component and $24.37{\pm}3.76mm$ in ant-post component, and the posterior terminal hinge movement, $9.31{\pm}3.62mm$ in vertical component and $7.59{\pm}2.65mm$ in ant-post. component. 2. The distribution range of the masticatory movement within the border movement was an average of $19.2{\pm}12.81%$ of maximum ant-post, values and $55.5{\pm}16.1%$ of maximum values of border movement, and the movement path, for the most part, was directed to posterior deviation and ranged from 0.98 to 12.00mm, on an average of $5.15{\pm}3.49mm$. 3. On the frontal plane, a number of left and right deviation in 24 subjects was same, however, the right deviation was an average of $2.51{\pm}1.67mm$ compared with the left deviation. 4. On the frontal plane, the point of maximum lateral deviation was an average of $49.7{\pm}11.0%$ of maximum opening values. 5. The angulation between the terminal hinge movement path and the masticatory path was an average of $24.00{\pm}4.65$.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.383-394
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the effect of change of body posture on the rest position and the rotational torque movement of the mandible. Thirty dental students without any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and with natural dentition were selected for this study. Cervical inclination and the amount of the mandibular movement on protrusion, on left and right excursion, and on tapping in three body postures such as sitting position, supine position without pillow, and supine position with pillow were measured by goniometer, Cervical-Range-of-$Motion^{(R)}$, and mandibular tracking device, $BioEGN^{(R)}$ with $Rotate!^{(R)}$ program. The data obtained were classified and processed according to body posture and type of lateral guidance with SPSS windows program and the results were as follows: 1. There was significant difference among the three cervical inclinations by body postures. 2. Comparison of mandibular rest positions among body postures showed significant difference only for lateral distance in frontal plane, but comparison between before and after swallowing showed significant difference except for the lateral distance, vice versa. 3. Distance and amount of the rotational torque movement on protrusion and/or lateral excursions didn't show any difference by body posture. But by both body posture and lateral guidance type, there were slightly significant difference for some items. 4. A significant difference was shown for the rotational torque movement in frontal plane on tapping by body postures, for the lateral distance in frontal plane on sitting position by lateral guidance type, and for the rotational torque movement in frontal plane by both body posture and lateral guidance type.