• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2015

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate how well eye movement times in visual target selection tasks by an eye input device follows the typical Fitts' Law and to compare vertical and horizontal eye movement times. Background: Typically manual pointing provides excellent fit to the Fitts' Law model. However, when an eye input device is used for the visual target selection tasks, there were some debates on whether the eye movement times in can be described by the Fitts' Law. More empirical studies should be added to resolve these debates. This study is an empirical study for resolving this debate. On the other hand, many researchers reported the direction of movement in typical manual pointing has some effects on the movement times. The other question in this study is whether the direction of eye movement also affects the eye movement times. Method: A cursor movement times in visual target selection tasks by both input devices were collected. The layout of visual targets was set up by two types. Cursor starting position for vertical movement times were in the top of the monitor and visual targets were located in the bottom, while cursor starting positions for horizontal movement times were in the right of the monitor and visual targets were located in the left. Results: Although eye movement time was described by the Fitts' Law, the error rate was high and correlation was relatively low ($R^2=0.80$ for horizontal movements and $R^2=0.66$ for vertical movements), compared to those of manual movement. According to the movement direction, manual movement times were not significantly different, but eye movement times were significantly different. Conclusion: Eye movement times in the selection of visual targets by an eye-gaze input device could be described and predicted by the Fitts' Law. Eye movement times were significantly different according to the direction of eye movement. Application: The results of this study might help to understand eye movement times in visual target selection tasks by the eye input devices.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권11호
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• pp.89-104
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to grope the direction of the environmental movement for the improvement of welfare. The deterioration of environment which was resulted from the development of material civilization due to the industrialization made people newly recognize the importance of environment. The quality of the future life depends on the solution of the environmental problems. The family-centered environmental movement as a new cultural movement in the daily life should be revitalized for the purpose of improving welfare. This study investigated the several views on the environmental problems in the neighboring disciplines of home economics. And on the basis of the results of the study, the direction of environmental movement to be developed in home economics was represented. This study represented the directions of the environmental movement as a new cultural movement in the daily life as follows: alternative life-style, that is, pro-environmental life-style-oriented direction; community-oriented direction such as cooperative association movement in daily life; the politicalization of the environmental problems, that is, the endeavor to reflect the election promise on the environment in the vote, etc. The content of the environmental movement shoed be treated of in environmental education, consumer education, family-life education, school education, and life-long education.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Movement behavior, shrinkage and equilibrium moisture content (EMC), in this experiment reflected a change of hygroscopicity mainly affected by continuously compressive load during radio-frequency/vacuum (RF/V) drying and humidity changes during equilibrating. As a result of interaction of the compressive load and moisture content changing under the RF/V condition, the shrinkages in loading direction were significantly increased while those perpendicular to loading direction were decreased. The shrinkages were affected most in tangential, and least in longitudinal direction. The shrinkages showed higher values in continuous drying than in intermittent drying. In the direction of increased shrinkage, all the movements were also increased, for example, the tangential movement for the loaded-RS and the radial movement for loaded-TS; in the direction of decreased shrinkage, all the movements except the tangential movement for the loaded-TS were decreased such as the tangential and radial movements for the loaded-ES, and the radial movement for the loaded-RS, comparing with those of the load-free. EMCs of the loaded specimens were all higher than that of the load-free specimen, and the highest for the loaded-TS, the lowest for the loaded-ES. The transverse hygroscopicity of specimen was reduced for the loaded-ES, but increased for the loaded-TS.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.76-82
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• 2006

자동차 바퀴 방향 지시기란 운전자가 차 내부에서 자동차의 바퀴 방향을 실시간으로 알 수 있도록 전자 장비에 바퀴의 방향을 표시해주는 시스템으로서, 본 연구에서는 자동차 핸들의 회전량을 측정하여 LED(Light Emitted Diode)와 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)에 자동차 바퀴에 대한 방향 정보를 표시하는 시스템을 개발하고자 한다. 즉, 이렇게 자동차의 핸들 회전량을 측정하여 그 측정 데이터를 데이터 처리부에 적절하게 적용함으로써 자동차 내부에서 운전자가 인지할 수 있도록 해준다면 주차된 차를 주행하기 위해 자동차 창문을 열고 바퀴 방향을 봐야하는 등의 번거로움을 해소시킬 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2003

I measured the movement range on the hinge articulator and the movement range in an oral. And then I studied to analyze the gap. I got wax records by the movement on the hinge articulator, the movement in an oral and the movement on the hand articulating. I measured the distance of the cusp tips that are close to the mesial direction and the distal direction, the buccal direction and the lingual direction then I compared gaps. As I saw results on data, I knew that the hinge articulator represented the range of mandibular movement restrictively. I could find the decisive contradiction that the sliding movement finished on the hinge articulator although it did not finish in an oral. If the sliding movement does not reappear exactly, it brings a fatal failure to the dental prosthesis. In addition it is impossible that the hinge articulator restores the movement in an oral because the lateral condyle inclination and the horizontal condyle inclination are fixed previously. Therefore dental prosthesisses were made by the hinge articulator, they will interfere with a mastication. I have obtained the following results; 1. The distance of sliding movement on the hinge articulator showed shorter than the distance of sliding movement in oral. This means the increase of cusp inclination of the dental prosthesis that was made on the hinge articulator. Therefore, when the lateral movement occurs in oral, there is a possibility to become the premature as the increase of cusp inclination. 2. The results that were impressed records in oral and impressed records on the hand articulating have many congruities. I think that the simple crown etc. that were made by the hand articulating method except the long span bridge and the free end case that can not measure the vertical dimension exactly can represent similarly the mandibular movement. 3. If we want to represent the mandibular movement similarly, we have to use the articulator that can adjust the horizontal condyle inclination and the lateral condyle inclination at least.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1988

The effect of cervical proprioceptors on the control of eye movement and body posture was examined in unanesthetized labyrinthine intact and bilateral labyrinthectomized cats. Cervico-ocular reflex(COR) was elicited by stimulation of the cervical proprioceptors by means of sinusoidal rotation of head or body in the darkness. The following results were obtained: 1) In labyrinthine intact cats, sinusoidal rotation of the whole body elicited compensatory eye movement(vestibulo-ocular reflex: VOR); the direction of eye movement was opposite to the direction of head rotation. 2) Anticompensatory eye movement was observed by sinusoidal rotation of the body with head fixed in labyrinthine intact cats; the direction of eye movement was the same as the direction of head rotation. 3) Compensatory eye movement was observed by sinusoidal rotation of the head with body fixed or sinusoidal rotation of the body with head fixed in both acute and chronic bilateral labyrinthectomized cats. These results suggest that the cervical proprioceptors are important in the control of ocular movement and posture in the bilateral labyrintectomized cats, although they are questionable in labyrinthine intact cats.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2006

The movement range on the semi adjustable articulator and the movement range in an oral were measured. And then I studied to analyze the gap. I got wax records by the movement on the semi adjustable articulator, the movement in an oral. I measured the distance of the cusp tips that are close to the mesial direction and the distal direction, the buccal direction and the lingual direction then I compared gaps. As I saw results on data, I knew that the semi adjustable articulator represented the range of mandibular movement restrictively. I could find the decisive contradiction that the sliding movement finished on the semi adjustable articulator although it did not finish in an oral. When the sliding movement does not reappear exactly, it brings a fatal failure to the dental prosthesis. In addition it is impossible that the semi adjustable articulator restores the movement in an oral because the lateral condyle inclination and the horizontal condyle inclination are appeared to be straight. Therefore dental prosthesisses were made by the semi adjustable articulator, they will interfere with a mastication. I have obtained the following results; 1. The distance of sliding movement on the semi adjustable articulator showed shorter than the distance of sliding movement in oral. This means the increase of cusp inclination of the dental prosthesis that was made on the semi adjustable articulator. Therefore, when the lateral movement occurs in oral, there is a possibility to become the premature as the increase of cusp inclination. 2. The difference in the range of movement is considered as the gap that is made because the movement only can be occurred as straight in the semi adjustable articulator. 3. When the dental technician understand mandibular movement and articulator deficiencies, they can attain proficiency in use of the articulator and reduce the gap.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.4908-4922
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• 2019

The popularization of smartphones in recent years has created a rich ground for online-to-offline (O2O) services based on location information. In the process of finding user locations in O2O services, BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) beacons are widely used because the beacons are economical in many ways. The current BLE method does not specify the direction of user movement, but adding that information could enrich the user experience for various O2O services. This paper proposes a method that identifies the user movement direction through data analysis on data sets generated by a pair of BLE beacons. Also we demonstrate its implementation with examples of services that need the direction information of users in order to show the feasibility of the method proposed.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of kinematics of lower extremities and trunk in stance phase of walking according to turning direction. Methods: Ten university students (five male, five female) who were in their 20s (mean age was 20.6 years old) participated in this study. Participants did not have participants did not have any problem with skeletal muscular system. We used the "Qualisys motion capture system" for analysis of trunk and lower extremity movement in stance phase of walking according to turning direction. We collected data while subjects walked a distance of 10 m, and at the 6 m line, subjects were required to turn to the left side and the right leg was positioned in stance phase and the left leg was positioned in swing. For data analysis, the SPSS for Windows ver. 20.0 statistics program was used in performance of one way analysis of variance according to turning direction. Results: Significant difference of trunk and lower extremities was observed for turning direction according to walking cycle (p<0.05). Upper trunk movement showed a greater increase at three dimensions than lower trunk, and in heel off phase, pelvic movement showed a greater increase than lower trunk (p<0.05). In 45 degree and 90 degrees of turning direction, all movements of trunk and lower extremities were significantly different among three events of stance phase (p<0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that three-dimensional movement analysis of trunk and lower extremities during turning movement was very important in order to indicate increasing balance or walking ability for people with impaired movement or walking.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-40
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of clasp design on abutment tooth adjacent to a distal extension base under the influence by the location of functional loading. The RPI clasp, the Akers clasp and the combination clasp were selected for evaluation. Tests were performed at 10Kg, 20Kg, 30Kg loads on the buccal, central, lingual, mesial and distal positions of loading platform of each mandibular distal extension partial denture. The laser reflexion method was used for three dimensional measurement of abutment movement, which is possible to measure precisely without contact. The movement in the mesiodistal(X), buccolingual(Y), and occlusoapical(Z) directions and the rotational movement(R) were measured, and in addition, the total movement (SV) as expressed by the three dimensional summation vector independent of direction was calculated. The data were analyzed using Student t-test, p<.05. The following results were obtained from this study; 1. Clasp design did not generally affect the direction of abutment tooth movement except the movement in an undesirable occlusal direction in case of the Akers clasp and the combination clasp. 2. The greater the load on the prosthesis, the greater was the abutment tooth movement, and the direction of abutment tooth movement was affected by positional loading. 3. Each prosthesis was dislodged from the test base under the small amount of load in the distal load position, and the buccal loading showed the greatest abutment tooth movement under the maximum load. 4. RPI clasp was evaluated as the most favorable design.